Download BIOSCI 107H STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM # 3 1. What is energy? 2

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BIOSCI 107H
STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM # 3
1. What is energy?
2. Define potential and kinetic energy
3. Define the term: Thermodynamics
4. Explain the two laws of thermodynamics
5. What is free energy? What is entropy?
6. Know the equation that relates changes of free energy with entropy and temperature.
7. Explain endergonic and exergonic reactions in terms of energy
8. What is ATP? Know the hydrolysis and synthesis of ATP
9. What are enzymes and how do they work?
10. What is an active site?
11. What are coenzymes, cofactors and prosthetic groups, and how do they work?
12. What is allosteric inhibition?
13. What is a metabolic pathway and how are they regulated?
14. Define Metabolism, Anabolism and Catabolism
15. What is photosynthesis?
16. Where does it occur?
17. Know the parts of a chloroplast
18. Know the general equation for photosynthesis
19. Where do light-dependent reactions occur?
20. What are the reactants (goes in) and the products (goes out) of the light reactions
21. What is a pigment? Explain how they absorb light, and what is an “excited” electron?
22. What is a photon?
23. What is the relationship between wavelength and amount of energy?
24. Know the spectrum of white light
25. What is the Calvin cycle? Know the reactants and products. Why these reactions are called “lightindependent reactions?
26. Where does Calvin cycle occur within the chloroplast?
27. What is ATP? Know the structure of ATP; know the chemical reaction of the hydrolysis and
condensation of ATP.
28. What is chemical energy?
29. What is the main nutrient cells prefer for energy?
30. Know the parts of mitochondria
31. Know glycolysis, where does it occur? what are the reactants (what goes in?), what are the
products (what comes out?)
32. Know Kreb’s cycle, where does it occur? Know the reactants and products of the cycle.
33. Know Electron transport chain. Where does it occur? Know reactants and products.
34. How many ATP molecules are there at the end of cellular respiration?
35. Why are there so many steps in cellular respiration?
36. Why is cellular respiration a redox reaction?
37. What is fermentation? Explain what happens in the human skeletal muscle cell when we exercise.
38. Explain fermentation in other cells (yeast, bacteria, archea)
39. What is beta oxidation and deamination?
40. Can we use fats and proteins for cellular respiration? Why?
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