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Introduction to Academic Writing English A1/HS1/T1, Fall 2011 Department of English Uppsala University Areas we focus on in marking texts Problem area Examples of specific problems Markup used Incoherent/illogical content Unclear or confusing text Irrelevant information Content/Coherence Redundant information Underdeveloped idea Problem with citation of sources Problem with ordering of ideas Problem with paragraphing Lack of thesis statement Lack of topic sentence Structure/Cohesion Lack of linking expressions Lack of parallel structure Repetitive language Inconsistent usage Unclear antecedent Register-inappropriate language Overly informal language Register/Style Inappropriate personal reference Use of impersonal you Use of contractions Wrong word or phrase (e.g., wrong verb, Vocabulary problems wrong preposition, false friend) Phrasing/ Vocabulary Unidiomatic language (e.g., odd phrasing, Phrasing problems clumsy language, overuse of common words) Subject-verb agreement error Tense error Inconsistent tense Verbs Simple vs. progressive error Error in conditional form Error in verb complementation (to vs. –ing) Inappropriate existential form Problem with definite article Problem with indefinite article Grammar Nouns Countable vs. uncountable error Generic vs. specific error Relative pronoun error Wrong part of speech Preposition + that Other word classes Adjective vs. adverb error Unnecessary use of comparative V2 word order Word order Adverbial placement error Punctuation/sentence structure Spelling Formatting Omissions Sentence fragment Run-on sentence Comma splice Other problem with commas Apostrophe used for plural Other problem with apostrophes Question mark on declarative sentence Problem with semicolons Problem with colons Problem with dashes Problem with quotation marks Problem with italics Inconsistency in AmE vs. BrE spelling Incorrect spelling of plural form Compound written incorrectly Problem with capitalization (e.g., proper vs. common nouns) Problem with hyphenation (e.g., compound adjectives) Homophone confusion (e.g., its/it’s, to/too/two, there/their/they’re) Sentence-initial numeral Inappropriate font (or font size) Problem with spacing or margins Problem with title or headings Lack of author information Problem with paragraph formatting Problem with footnotes Incorrect formatting of references Place where material is missing Material that should be omitted Notes: 1. While the categories shown here are used by all of the instructors for this course, different instructors will use different conventions for marking up the categories. The markup conventions shown at right are those of your instructor, so you should become familiar with them. 2. We recommend that, while you are writing your texts, you use this document as a checklist of areas to think about and problems to avoid. This will help you improve the quality of your writing.