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CHAPTER 8
OPERATING SYSTEMS & UTILITIES
Chapter 8 Objectives
Identify the types of system software
Linux, Unix, MAC operating systems
Describe the functions of an
operating system
Identify various network operating
systems
Discuss ways that some operating
systems help administrators control a
network and administer security
embedded operating systems
Explain the purpose of the utilities
included with most operating systems
Identify devices that use several
Explain the purpose of various
utility programs
A brief look at the new Windows Operating System
Windows 2008 (Vista)
Next
1
System Software (OS & Utilities)
What is system software?
Programs that
control operation
of computer
Two types are
operating systems
and utility programs
Operating system (OS)
(sometimes called the platform
platform))
coordinates all activities
among computer
hardware
resources
p. 8.02
Next
Operating Systems ( functions)
What are the functions of an operating system?
start the computer
provide a user interface
manage programs
administer
security
manage
memory
control a
network
provide file
management and
other utilities
p. 8.02 Fig. 8-1
monitor
performance
establish an
Internet connection
schedule jobs and
configure devices
Next
2
Operating Systems (Cross-platform apps)
What is a cross-platform application? (WordPerfect 14)

Runs identically on multiple operating systems

Operating system that computer uses is sometimes
called the platform
Application
Operating System/ Operating System/ Operating System/ Operating System/
Platform A
Platform B
Platform C
Platform D
p. 8.03
Next
Operating Systems
Where is the operating system located?
Resides on computer’s hard
disk in most cases
May reside on a ROM chip on
handheld computers
Different sizes of
computers typically
use different
operating systems
Some types of
computers may have
different operating
systems
Next
Various operating systems
often are not compatible
(Apple MACs vs PCs)
p.8.3
3
Windows OS Users
Windows Vista 180 million copies sold (June 2008)
Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1) [released in March 2008]
Windows XP
335 million users
Windows 2000
100 million users
Windows (older versions) 15 million users
Windows 7 due out late 2009 (with touch screen
technology)
Worldwide: 800 million users of Windows OS
Source: Washington Post, Page D-1, Nov 29, 2007
New CEO at Microsoft (as of July 1,2008)
Microsoft’s Ray Ozzie replaced Bill Gates as the lead
man and chief software architect at Microsoft. Ozzie
invented Lotus Notes and Grove before selling it to
Microsoft for $120 million and he plans to lead
Microsoft into the online-services era which he calls
“A time of great turbulence and potential change in the
industry.”
Source: Network World, Page 1, June 23,2008
4
Windows Key Improvements
Windows Vista
Greater security, revised user interface
Improved file search
Windows XP
Better hardware/software capabilities
Better wireless networking
Windows 2000
Greater reliability
Better tools for large network administration
Source: Washington Post, Page D-1, Nov 29, 2006
Windows Vista Requirements
A Windows Vista Premium Ready PC includes at least:
1 GHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor.
1 GB of system memory.
40 GB of hard drive capacity with 15 GB free space.
DVD-ROM Drive.
Audio output capability.
Internet access capability
5
Operating Systems (Cold & Warm boots)
What is booting?

Process of starting or restarting a computer




Cold boot
Turning computer
on after it has
been powered off
Warm boot
Restarting
computer that is
powered on
Ctrl-Alt-Delete
Or Press Reset
Button
Warm boot from Windows
desktop
Warm boot from system unit
p. 8.04 Fig. 8-2
Next
Operating System (Win XP Task Manager)
Using the Task Manager in Windows XP
 Press Ctrl-Alt-Delete buttons
 Press Task Manager button
 From the list, select a task to End or Switch to
 You may also Create a New task (under the File
tab in the Task Manager window)
6
Operating System Functions (Booting)
How does a personal computer boot up?
Step 1. Power supply
Step 4. Results of POST are
sends signal to components in system unit
compared with data in CMOS chip
Step 2. Processor
in floppy disk drive and then hard
disk
accesses BIOS to start
computer
Step 3. BIOS runs tests,
called the POST, to
check components such
as mouse, keyboard,
and adapter cards
Step 5. BIOS looks for system files
Step 6. Kernel (core) of operating
system loads into RAM
Step 7. Operating system in memory
takes control of computer
Step 8. Operating system loads
configuration information and
displays desktop on screen
Step 9. Operating system executes
programs in StartUp folder
Step 10. Click Start to display list of
applications you can run
p. 8.05 Fig. 8-4
Next
Operating System Functions
What is the kernel?
The core of an operating system
 Manages memory and devices
 Maintains the computers clocks
 Starts applications
 Assigns the computers resources, such
as devices, programs, data, and
information
Each time you boot a computer, the kernel
and other frequently used operating
system instructions are loaded
 Loading a file means the file is copied
from the hard disk to the computer's
memory
Next
Memory resident
•
Remains in memory
while the computer is
running
• The kernel is
memory resident
Nonresident
•
Instructions remain on
the hard disk until
they are needed
•
Other parts of the
operating system are
nonresident
p.8. 4
7
Operating System Functions
Registry
Several files that contain
the system configuration
information
Registry is constantly
accessed during the
computer's operation
Regedit Editor
Step 7
StartUp folder
Next
Contains a list of programs
that open automatically
when you boot the computer
p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4
Managing Startup Programs Menu
You may use: MsConfig
Click Start, click Run, Type in MsConfig, click OK,
Click the Startup tab.
Carefully uncheck the programs you do not want to
load at system startup time.
8
Operating System Functions ( GU I )
What is a (graphical )user interface?


Controls how you enter data and instructions and how
information displays on screen
Types: Command-Line, Menu-Driven, GUI
command-line interface (DOS)
p. 8.08 Fig. 8-6
Next
Operating System Functions (GUI)
What is a graphical user
interface (GUI)?

User interacts with
menus and visual
images such as icons
and buttons
p. 8.08 Fig. 8-7
Next
9
Operating System Functions
multiple
programs
running
What is single user/
multitasking?

Working on two or
more programs that
reside in memory at
same time


Foreground contains
application you are using
Background contains
programs that are
running but are not
in use
all running
processes
p. 8.09 Fig. 8-8
Next
Operating System Functions
What are other program management features of
operating systems?
Multiprocessing
Can support two
or more processors
running programs
at same time
p. 8.10
Continues to
operate when one
of its components
fails
Enables two or
more users to
run programs
simultaneously
Multiuser
Fault-tolerant computers
FaultTandem NonStop (HP)
Has duplicate
components such as
processors, memory,
and disk drives
Next
10
Operating System Functions
What is memory management?


Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is
allocated to function as RAM
Step 1. The
operating system
transfers the least
recently used data
and program
instructions to disk
because memory is
needed for other
functions.
Step 2. The
operating system
transfers data and
program instructions
from disk to
memory when they
are needed.
p. 8.10 Fig. 8-9
Next
Operating System Functions
What are some virtual memory terms?
Swap file
Paging
The area of the
hard disk used
for virtual
memory
The technique of
swapping items
between memory
and storage
Page (64KB)
The amount of
data and program
instructions that
can swap at a
given time
Thrashing
When an operating
system spends much
of its time paging,
instead of executing
application software
Next
p.8.10
11
Operating System Functions
How does an operating system schedule jobs?
The OS adjusts schedule
based on
a job’s priority
A job is an operation
the processor manages
OS tasks to be performed:
Receiving data
from input device
Sending
information
to output device
Processing
instructions
Transferring items
between storage
and memory
p. 8.11
Next
Operating System Functions
What is spooling?


Sending print jobs to a memory or disk
buffer instead of directly to printer
Print jobs line up in a memory or disk
queue
p. 8.11 Fig. 8-10
Next
12
Operating System Functions
What is a device driver?
Program that
tells operating system
how to communicate
with device
Device
Driver
Also called driver
With Plug and Play,
Play,
operating system
automatically configures
new devices as you
install them
p. 8.12
Next
Operating System Functions
What is a device driver?
A small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a
device
Also called a driver
Each device on a computer requires its
own specific driver
device driver
Click to view Web Link
then click Device Drivers
Next
p.8.11
13
Operating System Functions
How do you install a device driver?
Step 1. Open Control
Step 2. Click Printers and
Panel window. Point to
Printers and Other
Hardware link.
Other Hardware link. Point
to Add a printer link.
Step 3. Click Add a
Step 4. Add Printer
printer link. Follow
on-screen instructions.
Wizard searches for
Plug and Play printers
on your computer. If it
finds any such printers,
it installs them.
Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and
Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to
install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy
disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary
driver files to complete the installation of printer.
p. 8.12 Fig. 8-11
Next
Operating System Functions
What is Plug and Play?
(PnP)
The computer can recognize a new device an assist you in its installation by
loading the necessary drivers automatically and checking for conflicts with
other devices (First appeared with Windows 95)
Supported by most
devices and operating
systems today
Click to view Web Link
then click Plug and Play
Next
p.8. 13
14
Operating System Functions IRQs
What is an interrupt request ((IRQ)?
A communications line between a device and the processors
Most PCs have at least 16 IRQs for the ISA bus, numbered 0
through 15 and more for the PCI bus

IRQs are
assigned
during
installation
Next
p.8. 13Fig. 8-12
Interrupt Assignments in Windows XP
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Right-click My Computer
Click Manage
Click Device Manager
Click View menu
Click Resources by Connection
Click on Interrupt Request (IRQ)
to view the IRQ assignments
15
IRQ Assignments (Windows XP)
Operating System Functions
How do you establish an Internet connection?

Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard

p. 8.13 Fig. 8-12
Guides user through setting up connection between
computer and Internet
Next
16
Operating System Functions
How does an operating system monitor performance?


Provides program, called performance monitor,
that assesses and reports information about
system resources
and devices
Ctrl-Alt-Del
to invoke the
Task Manager
Click Performance
tab
p. 8.14 Fig. 8-13
Next
Operating System Functions
What is a network operating system?


Allows users to share printer, Internet
access, files, and programs on a network
Administers security
by establishing user
name and password for
each user
p. 8.14 Fig. 8-14
Next
17
Utility Programs
What is a utility program?

System software that performs maintenance-type
tasks

Also called a
utility
Norton System Works

p. 8.15 Fig. 8-15
Next
Operating System Utility Programs
What is a file manager? (Windows Explorer)


Performs functions such as copying, renaming,
deleting, and moving files
Image viewer
displays contents
of graphics file
when you double
click on it
p. 8.16 Figs. 8-16–8-17
Next
18
Operating System Utility Programs
What is an uninstaller program?
Removes a
program and
all associated files
In Windows XP,
uninstaller is in Add/Remove
Programs in Control Panel
Try a good freeware uninstaller: www.zsoft.dk if Windows cannot do it
p. 8.17
Next
Operating System Utility Programs
ScanDisk & Disk Cleanup & Disk Defragmenter



ScanDisk: Detects and corrects
problems on hard disks or floppy
disks. (Windows 98/Me)
Disk Cleanup: Searches for and
removes unnecessary files
Disk Defragmenter puts
contiguous sectors together
p. 8.17 Fig. 8-18
Next
19
Operating System Utility (Disk Defrag)
What is a Disk Defragmenter ?

Reorganizes files and unused space into
contiguous sectors on hard disk so programs
run faster.
file before defragmenting
fragmented disk
file after
defragmenting
p. 8.17 Fig. 8-19
Next
Automatic Disk Defragmentation Utility



Diskeeper:
Set it and forget it defrag scheduling
Visit: http://www.diskeeper.com
20
Operating System Utility Programs
What is a diagnostic utility?




Compiles technical information
about hardware and some
software
Prepares report outlining potential
system problems
Example: Dr. Watson
Located under Accessories,
System Tools, System Information,
Tools
p. 8.18 Fig. 8-20
Next
Operating System Utility Programs
What is a backup utility?

Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto
another storage medium

Most compress files
during backup to
require less storage
space

Look in System Tools in
Windows XP
p. 415 Fig. 8-20
Next
21
Utility Programs: File Compression
What is a file compression utility?

Shrinks size of files to free up room
and improve performance
Compressed files are sometimes called
zipped files
Two popular utilities:
PKZIPTM and WinZip®
Visit
www.WinZip.com
Visit
www.pkware.com
Another one:
Gzip
(.tgz file extension)

Visit:





http://www.gzip.org/
p. 8.29 Fig. 8-39
Next
Operating System Utility Programs
What is a screen saver? (not needed for LCDs)


Causes monitor’s screen to display moving
image or blank screen if there is no activity
for a specified time. Prevents ghosting or
burn-in on back of phosphor screen
To secure computer;
The user configures
screen saver to require
password to
deactivate the screen
saver.
p. 8.18 Fig. 8-22
Next
22
Types of Operating Systems
Characteristics of operating systems software
Devicedependent
Runs only on specific
type of computer
Proprietary
software
Privately owned and
limited to specific vendor
or computer model
Downward
compatible
Works with application
software written for
earlier version of
operating system
Deviceindependent
Runs on many
manufacturers’
computers
Upward
compatible
Runs on new versions of
operating system
p. 8.19
Next
Types of Operating Systems
What are three categories of operating systems?
Embedded
Network
Stand Alone
p. 8.19
Next
23
Types of Operating Systems
What are three categories
of operating systems?
Network
Embedded
Stand alone
Others not on slide:
Windows XP with SP2
Next
Windows Server 2003
Windows Server 2008
p.8.17 Fig. 8-18
Operating Systems
What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?
[ MS-DOS (Microsoft) and PC-DOS (for IBM) ]
All opperating systems are based on UNIX
Developed in
early the1980s
for personal
computers
command-line
D Used command-
O
Hardly used today
S
because it does
not offer a GUI
p. 8.20
interface when first
developed, later
included menus
Next
24
Operating Systems DOS
What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?
Refers to several single user operating systems developed in the
early 1980s for personal computers
Two more widely used versions were PC-DOS and MS-DOS, both
developed by Microsoft

Used a
command line
interface and
added a menudriven interface
in later versions
Next
p.8.17
commands
entered by
user
Various Versions of Windows
Windows Version
Year Released
Windows 3.x
1990
Windows NT 3.1
1993
Windows 95
1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996
Windows 98
1998
Windows Millennium Edition 2000
Windows 2000 Professional
2000
Windows XP
2001
Windows XP SP2
2004
Windows Vista
2007
p. 417 Fig. 8-23
25
Windows XP
What is Windows XP?

Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows
operating system before Vista

5 Editions:
Home Edition,
Professional Edition,
Tablet PC Edition,
Media Center Edition,
64-bit Edition (does not
work with 32-bit
drivers)
p. 417 Fig. 8-24
Next
Windows Operating Systems
Features of most Windows operating systems
Active
Desktop™
Windows
Explorer has a
Web browser
look and feel
Registry
Checker
Taskbar/toolbars
increased speed
FAT32 or
NTFS,
Win FS
Tune-Up Wizard
Multiple display
support
Universal
Serial Bus
2.0
Next
p.8.18
Hardware
support
Accessibility Settings
Wizard
26
Older Operating Systems: Windows 98
What are features of Windows 98?
It is an upgrade from Windows 95
More integrated with the Internet
Included Internet Explorer, a popular
Web browser
A file manager, Windows Explorer,
had a Web browser look and feel
An Active Desktop™ interface
allowing icons and file names to
work similar to Web links
Support for
multimedia
technologies such
as DVD and Web
TV ™
Supported the
Universal Serial
Bus (USB)
Next
p.8.18
Older Operating Systems: Windows Me
What is Windows
Me ?
An operating system
that has features
specifically for the
home users
Also called Windows
Me
Included multimedia
features; Win Me is
an upgrade to Win 98
Next
p.8.20 Fig. 8-21
27
Windows 2000 Operating System
What is Windows 2000 Professional?
Upgrade to the
Windows NT 4.0
Workstation
operating system
Complete
multitasking client
operating system
that has a GUI
NT 5.0 is really
Server 2003
Click to
view video
Next
p.8.18 Fig. 8-19
Windows XP (eXceptional Performance)
Features
What are some features of Windows XP?
Windows XP Features
New Appearance and Performance
Network/user Administration
Help and Support
Communications and the Web
Firewall setup software
p. 8.21
Next
28
A few Window XP Keyboard Commands










Minimize a window: Windows key + M key
Minimize all windows: Windows key + D key
Maximize a window: Alt + Space + x
Minimize a window: Alt + Space + n
Bookmark a Help topic: Shift + F10 keys
Display the Start menu: Ctrl + Esc keys
Close a number of open windows: Alt + F4
Windows Security: Ctrl + Alt + Del
Change passwords (on a networked PC):
Ctrl – Alt – Esc & Click “Change Password” tab
Task Manager: Shift + Ctrl + Esc
WindowsXP File Association Settings
In Windows XP, click Start, Settings, Control Panel
Click Tools, Folder Options and click the File Types
tab.
Below Registered File Types, you will see a long list of
extensions like XLS and ZIP (at the end of the list)
A file extension tells Windows what type of file it is.
Scroll down the list and find the extension for the file
type you want to open with a different application.
In the lower half of the Window, you will see the name
and icon of the associated application for the file type.
29
Windows Vista Operating System
What is Windows Vista?

Successor to Windows XP, containing a new
interface and new / enhanced features

Available in 8 editions,
grouped into Home
and Business
categories

http://www.hiptechblog.co
m/2006/02/20/its-official8-different-flavors-ofwindows-vista/
p. 419 Fig. 8-26
Next
Windows Vista Operating System
What are some features of Windows Vista?
Windows Vista Features
Reliability and Performance
Security
Information Management
Appearance and Navigation
Communications and the Internet
p. 419
Next
30
Windows Server 2003 Family of Products





Windows Server 2003, Small Business Server for businesses
with less than 75 users.
Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition for small-tomedium-sized business networks.
Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition for medium and
large sized business networks with e-commerce applications.
Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition for businesses with
huge volumes of transactions and large-scale databases.
Windows Server 2003, Web Services Edition for Web server
and Web hosting businesses.
Windows Server 2008
Faster and more secure !
Released: Last week of February 2008
For more information, visit:
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver/longhorn/ev
aluation/b2faq.mspx
31
Operating Systems: Mac OS X
What is Mac OS X? (Mac OS X Leopard)


Available only for computers manufactured
by Apple
Macintosh operating
system has been a
model for most GUIs
http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/
p. 8.22 Fig. 8-28
Next
Operating Systems: UNIX
What is UNIX?



Used by power users because of its flexibility
and power
Most versions
offer GUI
Both a
stand-alone
and a network
operating system
p. 8.23 Fig. 8-30
Next
32
Operating Systems: UNIX





Developed in early 1970’s by AT&T’s Bell Labs
Several versions of UNIX exist, each slightly
different.
Some versions have a command-line interface, but
most offer a GUI.
UNIX runs on all types of computers.
UNIX is the basis for ALL operating systems
Common Unix Commands
Visit:
http://www.engr.ucr.edu/systems/unix.html
33
Operating Systems Linux
What is Linux?



Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type
operating system
Open-source software —
code is available to
public
Both a stand-alone
and a network
operating system
e
Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat
Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown
in this example.
p. 8.24 Fig. 8-31
Next
Red Hat Linux
http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-9Manual/getting-started-guide/
34
Embedded Operating Systems
What is Embedded Linux?


Scaled-down Linux operating system
designed for PDAs, smart phones,
smart watches, set-top boxes,
Internet telephones, and other
devices
Offers many PIM functions
 PIM  Personal Information Mgt

http://www.linuxdevices.com/
p. 425 Fig. 8-34
Next
Linux: Another Version: Ubuntu 7.10
What is Ubuntu Linux?



www.ubuntu.com (from South Africa)
“oo-boon-tu” means “humanity toward others”
in South Africa’s Zulu an Xhosa languages)
A few features:
 No charge to install or update it.
 Focus on simplicity
 Cannot run Windows programs
 Recognizes most external devices
(such as USB flash drives)
p. 425 Fig. 8-34
Next
35
Operating Systems Linux





Some versions of Linux are command-line
Some versions are GUI interfaces
Commercial: Red Hat Linux software
The two most popular GUIs for Linux are:
GNOME and KDE (Keyboard Desktop
Environment)
Motorola Corp has created mobile phones running
the Linux operating system
Operating Systems Linux

Linux is network-friendly: It is capable of acting as
client and/or server to any of the popular operating
systems in use today. It is quite capable of being used
as an OS by Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

Linux is a multi-user system which has advantages
even for an OS where only one or two people will be
using it.
36
Operating Systems Linux


Linux is Open Source: that means that for the entire
base system, which includes the kernel, the GNU tools,
and all the basic utilities. Programmers and users have
access to the source code as well as the right to modify
it.
Linux is Backwards-Compatible: has superb
support for older hardware. In fact, it is often
easier to find hardware support for 80486-era
hardware than the latest gizmos to hit the market.
This is because the device driver software authors
need time to write and test the drivers.
A Look at Linux Commands
Visit:
http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/linux/cmd/
37
Linux versus Windows
What is Microsoft Windows?
The Microsoft Corporation began development of the Interface
Manager (later named Microsoft Windows) in the fall of 1981
Windows 1.0 was finally released to the market in 1985, promising
users an easy-to-use graphical interface for consumers.
Several others versions of Windows have been produced

2.0, 3.1, 3.11, 95, 98, ME – DOS Based (Layered-Based)

NT, 2000, XP, 2003, Project Longhorn – NT Technology
(Kernel-Based)
38
Microsoft Windows - Pros
User-Friendly
Generally Stable

Windows 2000/XP are considered to be extremely stable and rarely crash.

Home users can navigate Windows without fear of losing their work because they forgot to save.
Hardware Support

No lack of shortage in hardware support. It is very difficult to think of any hardware that is not
supported in some way by Windows.
Software Support

Once again, there is an abundance of high-quality software designed specifically for Windows.
You don’t have to work hard to find what you are looking for.
Windows Update

If connected to an internet through an ISP, updates and patches are available to
download while you work. Just click ‘yes’, and Windows updates itself with latest
from Microsoft.
Widely Used Among Consumers

Facilitates communication between users.


If everyone is using the same operating system, everyone has a general idea as to what the
other individual is trying to communicate.
Mobility is not an issue.

Can take a file from one computer to another, and generally won’t have to worry if that
second computer is running Windows or not.
Microsoft Windows - Cons
Software


While there may be an abundance of high-powered software designed for Windows, they are rather
expensive.
One must install separate software onto Windows for it to have any functionality. Windows without
accompanying software is just a “Naked System”
Re-booting


Part of the reason for the long installation
Windows needs to be rebooted to change minor settings like its IP address, hardware drivers, software, or
swapfile size or any number of similar system settings
File System

Operating Systems running under different file systems may or may not be able to view and access files in a
certain file system.

FAT16, FAT32, NTFS
Graphical User Interface (GUI)



GUI-only environment hinders the functionality of the operating system code.
If some sort of functionality hasn't been coded explicitly by the author of a program, then this functionality is
simply not available.
If you can’t click it, you can’t do it.
Viruses


Vast majority of known viruses are for Windows ONLY
Grave security holes in Microsoft Outlook and Explorer
Length of Installation


Can take up to a couple hours to fully install just the Operating System
Multiple Disks or separate drivers are required to install the OS
39
What is Linux?
Linux is a kernel-based operating system

Meaning that the operating system runs within itself. The program
does not need to ‘piggy-back’ from another program to run.
Originally created by Linus Torvalds of Finland in 1991 with the assistance
of developers around the world.
Developed under the GNU General Public License, the source code for Linux
is freely available to everyone.

Since the source code is available to anyone, there is no current official
Linux version as with Windows. There are simply many different
versions, called Linux Distributions, that are aimed towards different
target groups.

Each distribution differentiates itself from one another through their
packaged software and their hardware platform.
Linux – Pros
Ease of Installation
Security


Local Security

Many users can use the same PC, one of which controls everything with administrative powers
Remote Security

Very difficult to hack into a Linux system from an outside source (Internet, Network)
File Systems

Can handle a variety of different file systems

Perfectly handles reading and writing of Windows FAT32 partitions and it can read NTFS partitions
(Windows XP default)

Can access, but not modify any files located on any Windows partition
Multi-User Platform
Customization

Very important for businesses. Since Linux is an open source program. Anyone can make changes to the
operating system to make it match their needs.
Server/Clients

Linux is perfectly integrated to the internet and includes everything needed.

Servers
FTP Server: Pureftp, Proftp
Mail Server: Sendmail, Postfix
Web Server: Apache

Clients
FTP Clients: gftp, lftp
Chat Clients: Kopete, Licq, Psi
E-mail Clients: Kmail, Evolution
40
Linux - Cons
Time-Intensive



A user accustomed to Windows can at first be a bit disoriented since the whole structure of the
system is different.
Learning all the details about how a Linux system functions will take time and patience
Noone should expect be able to harness the full power of Linux within the first few minutes of
playing around with the operating system
Hardware Support

Although it runs on a variety of different hardware architectures, support for bleeding edge
hardware can be problematic or its configuration tricky
Software/Games



Very few major commercial games available for Linux
Most software found in stores is designed for Windows only
Additional software can be problematic to install due to the variety of distributions of Linux.

One piece of software that is installed on one computer may or may not be compatible with another
computer running a different distribution.
Network Operating Systems
What are examples of network
operating systems?
NetWare
Designed for
client/server
networks
Windows
Windows
Server 2003
Upgrade to
Windows 2000
Server
Server 2008
Solaris
 Version of UNIX
developed by Sun
Microsystems
 Specifically for
e-commerce
applications
p. 8.25
Next
41
Embedded Operating Systems
What is an embedded operating system?


Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and
other small computers.
Examples:
 Windows CE .NET
 Windows Mobile 2006
 Palm OS (for PDAs & smart phones)
 Embedded Linux (small Linux OS for PDAs)
 Symbian OS (open source multitasking OS)
p. 8.26 Fig. 8-32
Next
Embedded Operating Systems
What is an embedded operating system?



Found on most mobile
computers, PDAs, and other
small devices
Windows CE .NET is
scaled-down version of
Windows
http://msdn.microsoft.com/embed
ded/prevver/ce.net/default.aspx
p. 8.26 Fig. 8-32
Next
42
Embedded Operating Systems
What are two operating systems for PDAs?

Windows Mobile 2006 for the Pocket PC
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/default.mspx

Palm OS for Palm Treo, Visor, and Sony CLie

http://www.palm.com/us/
p. 8.27 Figs. 8-33–8-34
Next
Embedded Operating Systems
What is Symbian OS? http://www.symbian.com/


Open-source, multitasking operating system
designed for smart phones
Make telephone calls,
save appointments,
browse Web, send
and receive e-mail
and faxes, and more
p. 8.27 Fig. 8-35
Next
43
Utility Programs (Antivirus Utilities)
What is a virus?


Potentially damaging computer program
Affects computer without user’s knowledge
SIGNS OF
VIRUS
INFECTION
p. 8.28 Fig. 8-36
Next
Utility Programs (Antivirus)
What is an antivirus program? (Symantec, McAfee)


Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage
media, and incoming files
Must be updated frequently (weekly!)
p. 8.28 Fig. 8-37
Next
44
Utility Programs
What is a personal firewall?


Protects personal computer from unauthorized
intrusions
Monitors all
transmissions
to and from
computer
p. 8.29 Fig. 8-38
Next
Personal Firewalls
What is a personal firewall?



Program that protects personal computer and its data
from unauthorized intrusions
Monitors transmissions to and from computer
Informs you of attempted intrusion
PERSONAL FIREWALL SOFTWARE
p. 11.09 Fig. 11-8
Next
45
Firewalls: Zone Alarm & Windows XP



http://www.zonelabs.com/store/content/company/pr
oducts/znalm/freeDownload.jsp
Windows XP comes with a built-in firewall, but it is
turned on by default.
To find out how to turn it on, visit:
www.microsoft.com/security/protect
The Windows XP firewall software works only
“one way” which means it blocks only suspicious
activity aimed at your computer and not coming
from your computer.
Utility Programs
What is spyware?




p. 426
Program placed on a computer without the user’s
knowledge that secretly collects information about the
user
Often enters a computer as a result of a user installing
a new program
A spyware remover is a program that detects and
deletes spyware. Adware can also be a problem:
Visit: http://www.lavasoftusa.com
Next
46
Utility Programs
What are internet filters?

Programs that remove or block certain items from
being displayed (Anti-Spam, Web Filters, Pop-up
Blockers)

http://www.stopzilla.com/download/download_select.aspx?AID=1
0004&S=&type=DOWNLOAD&topic=&source=&AAID=&dre=&c
id=pop%20up%20software
Anti-Spam
Programs
Web
Filters
Pop-up
Blockers
p. 426 - 427
Next
Keeping Windows Updated
Visit:
http://update.microsoft.com/windowsupdate/v6/default
.aspx?ln=en-us
47
Utility Programs
What is CD/DVD burning software?

Writes text, graphics, audio, and video files to
a recordable or rewriteable CD or DVD

http://www.roxio.com/enu/default.html?source=G2
p. 428 Fig. 8-38
Next
Utility Programs: Nero Version 8
What is CD/DVD burning software?

Writes text, graphics, audio, and video files to a
recordable or rewriteable CD or DVD

http://www.nero.com/enu/index.html
p. 428 Fig. 8-39
Next
48
Ripping
Copying songs from CD to
computer
Windows Media Player 10
49
Chapter 8 Operating Systems
End of Presentation
Windows Vista 2007 Media Player 11
50