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Name Class Date History and Geography Ancient Greece Greek City-States and Colonization Greece was not an easy place in which to live. The mountains made farming difficult, so the Greeks found a way to make a living from the sea. Some Greeks became fishermen and others became traders. Greek merchant ships sailed to Asia Minor, Egypt, and Europe. Over time people from Greek city-states began to set up colonies in distant lands. Although the colonies were independent, they kept ties with Greece and traded with the city-states on the Greek mainland. Some city-states, like Athens, became great trading centers. EUROPE Massilia (Marseille) ITALY Byzantium (Istanbul) Neapolis (Naples) ASIA MINOR GREECE Greek city-state or colony Trate route 0 0 200 200 400 Miles AFRICA EGYPT 400 Kilometers MAP ACTIVITY 1. Use a bright color to indicate the peninsula and islands of Greece. 2. What are the major bodies of water on the map? Label them on the map. 3. Use a bright color to trace the trade route between Athens and Istanbul. 4. Update the map legend to reflect the colors that you added to the map. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 17 Ancient Greece Name Class Greek City-States and Colonization, continued Date History and Geography ANALYZING MAPS 1. Place What city in France was originally a Greek city-state? 2. Location How many miles does the Mediterranean Sea stretch from east to west? 3. Movement How many miles did Greek sailors travel between Athens and Naples? 4. Human/Environment Interaction What physical features does Greece have that would have encouraged the Greeks to make their living from the sea? EXTENSION ACTIVITY On a separate piece of paper, draw a large outline of the peninsula of Greece. Color in the landscape and make symbols for various features on the map. For instance, you may want to create symbols for the forest, the city-states, farms, and harbors. Draw each symbol on colored construction paper and cut it out. A symbol for the forest might be a tree and a symbol for the harbor might be a boat. Using glue or paste, attach the symbols to your map in the areas where they would be located. List your symbols in a map key. Add an arrow pointing north. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 18 Ancient Greece Answer Key Biography Aspasia Primary Source Sappho’s Poetry WHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. Aspasia was beautiful, witty, and WHAT DID YOU LEARN? intelligent. She proved that a woman could be involved in matters, such as politics, that usually only men participated in. She met and influenced many important people in Greece, such as Plato and Plutarch. She became an advisor to Pericles. 2. Today women are able to do everything that men do. Women today work, hold political and government office, make business decisions, and participate in sports and theatre. In Aspasia’s time, women could do none of these things. 1. Answers will vary. Examples: They could do something to hurt their neighbors. They may not use their money wisely. Their money may give them power, which they could then abuse. 2. She probably wrote the poem to make people laugh. 3. Answers will vary. Examples: She might be sad and/or disappointed that much of her work is lost, because the poem talks about the importance of art being remembered. On the other hand, she might be happy, to know that her name and at least some of her work is known and appreciated today. ACTIVITY Answers will vary. MAKE A COMPARISON 1. Answers will vary. Examples: The first Literature poem and the third poem are shorter than the second poem. The translations do not rhyme. The second poem is funny, but the other poems are more serious. 2. Accept any reasonable answer. ANALYZING LITERATURE 1. It shows how human greed can bring unhappiness. 2. It explains why gold was discovered on the shores of the river Pactolus. History and Geography Primary Source Aristotle’s Athenian Constitution MAP ACTIVITY 1. Colors will vary. 2. Atlantic Ocean, Adriatic Sea, WHAT DID YOU LEARN? Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. 1. Aristotle may have believed that it would 3. Colors will vary. 4. The legend colors should match those be more difficult to pay a larger group of people to do something wrong; he may have believed that bad behavior would be found out if more citizens were involved. 2. At that age a person is better able to understand the laws and issues to be voted on. At 18, a youth was physically able and strong enough to have military training. 3. Aristotle’s records might help people compare the ways that different city-states ruled themselves. He may have written so that future generations would know about the constitutions. the students used on the map. ANALYZING MAPS 1. 2. 3. 4. Massilia or Marseille approximately 2,400 miles approximately 825 miles Greece’s large mountains made it difficult to travel from place to place by land and to grow food. Because Greece is surrounded by water, it was easy for the Greeks to travel by sea and fish for food. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 31 Ancient Greece Answer Key Chapter Review EXTENSION ACTIVITY Colors and symbols used for map may vary. Possible symbols include trees for a forest, houses for homes, fish for a marketplace, and sailboats for harbors. REVIEWING VOCABULARY, TERMS, AND PEOPLE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Social Studies Skills PRACTICE THE SKILL Costs might include isolation from and difficulty trading with other communities because of the difficulty of mountain travel, loss of opportunities to build alliances with inland groups, and limited farming opportunities along the coast. Benefits might include protection from other groups attacking across the mountains, the development of superior sailing and navigational skills, and building an economy on trade with other countries. peninsula agora mythology citizens classical polis COMPREHENSION AND CRITICAL THINKING 1. 2. 3. 4. shipbuilders and sailors Dark Age classical Cleisthenes REVIEWING THEMES 1. Polis refers to the Greek-city state. 2. Oligarchy refers to a type of government that is ruled by only a few people. APPLY THE SKILL 1. Benefits might include better decisions 3. Democracy refers to a type of government made because of increased participation and less unrest or anger among citizens over being ruled by only a few wealthy citizens or by a military government. 2. One cost of direct democracy is that decisions are made slowly because everyone must be heard and everything is debated until a decision is made. During times of emergency city-states sometimes reverted to rule by a tyrant in order to be able to act quickly. in which people rule themselves. 4. Tyrant refers to a political leader who rules alone, usually through military force. REVIEW ACTIVITY: WORD SEARCH Students’ word searches will vary in terms of placement of words; however, all should include each of the 15 words listed. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 32 Ancient Greece