Download Discuss briefly breast implant displaced procedure. * Extreme

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Discuss briefly breast implant
displaced procedure.
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2.
Explain briefly the procedure of
Dacrocystography.
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3.
What is steep range and
multiple radiography? Add a
note on selective filtration.
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3D16 – BD0046
Extreme precautions to be taken to prevent rupture of displaced
implant
Projection allows detection and evaluation of breast pathology
underlying the implant, potential complications to breast
augmentation such as intravascular and extravascular leakage of
implant.
Patient undergo implant procedures for size and shape
enhancement also require mammography
Slightly different technique is used.
Standard CC and MLO projections:
They are first done with implant in place.
Firm compression cannot be accomplished.
Eklund method:
This method of pinching the breast is performed after basic CC and
MLO projections.
The implant is pushed posterior to chest wall so that anterior breast
tissue can be compressed and visualized.
Some implants become encapsulated and only routine views with
implant in place can be done.
Additional projection like mediolateral or lateromedial may be
helpful to demonstrate all tissue.
Manual exposure techniques:
Projections done with implant in place, only manual exposure
techniques should be set on generator as the implant will prevent
the x-rays from reaching the AEC detector.
It is a procedure by which nasolacrimal duct system is opacified by
injecting contrast media into it.
Indications – epiphoria, fistula, tumors, diverticula, dacrolith,
nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
Materials:
Lacrimal canula
Contrast
Lipiodol
Ionic/non ionic contrast media
Local anesthetic drops
Punctum dilator
Technique: preliminary AP, lateral and oblique views are taken to
look for opacities.
Local anesthetics drops are instilled
Lower end of eyelid is everted and inferior canaliculuscannulated
Upper punctum is occluded and 2-3ml of contrast gently injected to
opacify the nasolacrimal
apparatus
Catheter not to be advanced more than 3-4mm
Films taken – AP, lateral and oblique views.
Complications:
Contrast extravasation
Granuloma formation
Injury to canaliculus infection
Steep range radiography is modification of standard exposure
techniques to record on the film a wide range of tissue densities
using one radiographic exposure.
In multiple radiography a special type of cassette is used to place in
the cassette two pairs of intensifying screens which can be exposed
simultaneously for two radiographs
If a pair of fast screens and slow screens are used with fast screens
nearer the x-ray tube, the film which was between faster screens
will demonstrate bone structure, and the ones between slower
screens will demonstrate soft-tissue structure
Similar result can be obtained by placing an envelope wrapped
non-screen film on tabletop and cassette containing screen film in
Bucky tray.
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4.
Write a short
Lymphography.
5.
Write an essay on Lumbar
Puncture with complications.
3D16 – BD0046
essay
on
Selective filtration is used when it is required to record a thick and
thin part of the patient in a single exposure.
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Examples are soft tissue profile of the face as well as lateral
projection of the facial bones.
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A wedge shaped filter can be placed between source of x-rays and
patient with the wedge absorbing some of the radiation.
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Another type of selective filter is used for PA projection of the
thorax and is intended to allow visualization of lung fields and give
diagnostic information within mediastinum.
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The filter has a central aperture which allows unfiltered radiation to
pass into mediastinum.
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On either side of the aperture are filters with the shape of lung
fields.
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This allows structures in mediastinum to be visualized without over
exposure of the lung fields.
1. Purpose
2. Pathologic indication
3. Contraindications
4. The Procedute
5. Constrast Media
6. Imaging
7. Risks and complications
(explanation)
(10 marks)
It is important to review all the data available prior to beginning this
myelogram.
1. Clinical history
2. Physical findings
3. Plain X-rays of the region of interest should be available
4. Diagnosis suspected
5. Previous mylogram or CT examination.
(explanation )
(10 marks)
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