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Erector spinae muscles
The erector spinae (/ˌᵻˈrɛktər ˈspaɪniː/ ə-REK-tər
SPEYE-nee) [1] is a set of muscles in the back.
• iliocostalis thoracis where its insertion runs from the
last 6 ribs to the first 6 ribs.
1
• iliocostalis cervicis which runs from the first 6 ribs
to the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of
C6-C4.
Structure
The erector spinae is not just one muscle, but a bundle of
muscles and tendons. It is paired and runs more or less 1.2 Longissimus
vertically. It extends throughout the lumbar, thoracic and
cervical regions, and lies in the groove to the side of the Main article: Longissimus
vertebral column. Erector spinae is covered in the lumbar
and thoracic regions by the thoracolumbar fascia, and in
The longissimus muscle is the intermediate and the
the cervical region by the nuchal ligament.
largest of the three columns, it has three parts with difThis large muscular and tendinous mass varies in size and ferent origin and insertion:
structure at different parts of the vertebral column. In the
sacral region, it is narrow and pointed, and at its origin
• longissimus thoracis originates from the sacrum,
chiefly tendinous in structure. In the lumbar region, it is
spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae and translarger, and forms a thick fleshy mass. Further up, it is
verse process of the last thoracic vertebra and inserts
subdivided into three columns. These gradually diminish
in the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae,
in size as they ascend to be inserted into the vertebrae and
erector spinae aponeurosis, ribs and costal processes
ribs.
of the thoracic vertebrae.
The erector spinae arises from the anterior surface of
a broad and thick tendon. It is attached to the medial
• longissimus cervicis originates from the transverse
crest of the sacrum, to the spinous processes of the lumprocesses of T6-T1 and inserts in the transverse probar and the eleventh and twelfth thoracic vertebrae and
cesses of C7-C2.
the supraspinous ligament, to the back part of the in• longissimus capitis originates from the transverse
ner lip of the iliac crests, and to the lateral crests of
processes of T3-T1 runs through C7-C3 and inserts
the sacrum, where it blends with the sacrotuberous and
in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
posterior sacroiliac ligaments.
Some of its fibers are continuous with the fibers of origin
of the gluteus maximus.
1.3 Spinalis
The muscular fibers form a large fleshy mass that splits,
in the upper lumbar region, into three columns, viz., a Main article: Spinalis
lateral (Iliocostalis), an intermediate (Longissimus), and
a medial (Spinalis). Each of these consists of three parts, The spinalis muscle is the most medial and the smallest
inferior to superior, as follows:
column. It has three parts:
1.1
• spinalis thoracis which originates from the spinous
process of L3-T10 and inserts in the spinous process
of T8-T2.
Iliocostalis
Main article: Iliocostalis
• spinalis cervicis originates from the spinous process
of T2-C6 and inserts in the spinous process of C4C2.
The iliocostalis originates from the sacrum, erector spinae
aponeurosis and iliac crest. The iliocostalis has three different insertions according to the parts:
• spinalis capitis is an inconstant muscles fibres that
runs from the cervical and upper thoracic that then
inserts in the external occipital protuberance.
• iliocostalis lumborum has the lumbar part(where its
insertion is in the 12th to 7th ribs)
1
2
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EXTERNAL LINKS
From lateral to medial, the erector spinae muscles can 5 References
be remembered using the mnemonic, I Love Spinach. I
lliocostalis, Love Longissimus and Spinach Spinalis.[2]
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the
20th edition of Gray’s Anatomy (1918)
2
Function
The erector spinae functions to straighten the back and
provides for side-to-side rotation.
3
Clinical significance
3.1
Training
Examples of exercises by which the erector spinae can be
strengthened for therapeutic or athletic purposes include,
but are not limited to:
[1] “How to pronounce spinae in English”. Cambridge University Press 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
[2] “Medical mnemonic”. LifeHugger. Retrieved 2009-1215.
6 External links
• −596967347 at GPnotebook
• Anatomy figure: 01:05-03 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - “Intermediate layer of the extrinsic muscles of the back, deep
muscles.”
• ithaca.edu
• Bent-over row
• Deadlift
• Hyperextension
• Good-morning
• Pull-up (exercise)
• Rowing
• Squat
• Utkatasana
• Bridge (exercise)
4
Additional images
• Right hip bone. Internal surface.
• Diagram of a transverse section of the posterior abdominal wall, to show the disposition of the lumbodorsal fascia.
• The posterior divisions of the sacral nerves.
• Transverse section, showing the relations of the capsule of the kidney.
• Surface anatomy of the back.
• Lumbar triangle
3
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Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
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Text
• Erector spinae muscles Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erector_spinae_muscles?oldid=706356849 Contributors: Nikai, Raven in
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