Download UNIT: Middle East Part 2 World Cultures Study Guide

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UNIT: Middle East Part 2
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World Cultures Study Guide
Use these guiding questions and key terms to help focus your preparation for the exam. Remember to study ACTIVELY!
Vocabulary: (define these terms)
caliph
secularism
mandate
embargo
nationalism
Pan-Arabism
imperialism
fundamentalism
inflation
Zionism
theocracy
sphere of influence
Sharia
refugee
Occupied Territory
Sunni
Shi’a
Islam
 Why did the Islamic community divide? How did this ‘split’ impact the expansion of Islam?
 Sunni and Shi’a
Islamic Empire (632 AD - 1258 AD)
 How did Islam spread so quickly?
 How did the location of Arabia (and Mecca) impact trade (and expansion) in the Islamic
Empire?
 Umayyad Caliphate
o Who are Muhammad, Abu Bakr and Umar?
 Abbasid Caliphate
o Where was the Abbasid Caliphate centered?
o How did science, mathematics and education influence the Abbasids?
 In what ways did the Islamic religion shape how the Muslim culture developed?
 What is the impact of Islam on the Middle East? North Africa? Spain?
 Why did the empire collapse in 1258?
Ottoman Empire (1299 AD – 1919 AD)
 Suleiman the Magnificent
o What was the relationship between Suleiman and his advisors? What role did they
play? What were they called?
o What public works did Suleiman undertake? How did this affect his empire?
 What was the millet system? Why was it important?
 Explain the three social classes of the Ottoman Empire: Viziers, Reaya, Janissaries.
 Explain the Siege of Vienna and Suleiman’s relationship to Charles V. How did this impact
the Ottoman Empire?
 WWI and the Ottoman Empire
o Effect of WWI upon Ottoman Empire.
o What happened as the Ottoman Empire broke apart in 1919 AD?
 Explain the provisions of and differences between the McMahon-Hussein Agreement and
the Skyes – Picot Agreement.
(over)
Modern Islamic World (1919 AD – present)
 Reforms of Kemal Ataturk (Turkey)
 Reforms of Muhammad Ali (Egypt)
 Explain the importance of the Suez Canal and the Suez Crisis of 1956.
 Why was Nasser an Egyptian hero?
 Explain OPEC and its goal during the 1973 oil crises.
Arab Israeli Conflict (1948 – present)
 Which (two) groups which claim Israel? What is the result of these conflicting claims?
 What is the Balfour Declaration?
 Explain the problems with the theory of Pan – Arabism.
 Why did many Jews leave Europe and settle in Palestine? What was the relationship
between Palestinian Arabs and Jewish settlers?
 Describe the reaction of both Palestinians and Jews to the 1947 UN Partition of Palestine.
 Explain the Arab view of Israel.
 List the three occupied territories.
 What is the goal of the PLO? Why did its emergence concern the world?
 Are there divisions within Israeli population over this issue? Explain.
 What major problems exist between Israel and its neighboring countries?
 What major problems exist between the Palestinians and Israelis?
All information above this line will be relevant for quiz #1
Terrorist Organization or Islamic Fundamentalist Group?:
For each group below, identify the acronym (if relevant), and explain:
1. Where the group was founded; what were the founding goals (list 2)
2. Is the group a terrorist organization or Islamic fundamentalist group?
3. In which country/conflicts is the group active today?
PLO
Hamas
Hezbollah
Wahhabis
Taliban
Al Qaeda (and its network)
Naqshabandis
Modern Middle Eastern Conflicts (1970s – present)
Iranian Revolution
 Who is Reza Khan? How did he seek to modernize Iran?
 List the social and economic reforms made by the shah. Why did Iranians support these
reforms?
 Who was the leader of the Islamic Revolution? What type of government did he establish?
 Describe the Iran Hostage Crisis causes and effects.
Iran – Iraq War
 Origins of Iran –Iraq War of 1980.
 Why did Iran – Iraq War involve other nations?
 Identify US position on the Iran – Iraq War of 1980.
(over)
1st Gulf War (Desert Storm)
 Why did the Iraqis invade Kuwait?
 What were the goals of Desert Storm?
 Explain Operation Iraqi Freedom.
 Why was it difficult to create a new democracy in Iraq?
 What ethnic group was persecuted by the Iraqis?
Afghanistan (Soviet-Afghani War; US War on Terror)
 Why did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?
 How did the US respond?
 What was the result of this conflict? (ie who came to power?)
 Why did the US invade Afghanistan?
 List 3 goals of the current US operation in Afghanistan.
All information above this line (excluding information from Quiz #1) will be relevant for Quiz #2
Syrian Civil War
 List the causes of the Syrian Civil War.
 Where did the war begin? What particular event was the catalyst?
 What regional issue has the civil war exacerbated? (list 2)
 Describe the world reaction/action with regard to Syria (consider the UN, US, and Russia)
 Why is this civil war important throughout the region? The world?
Middle East Today (2012 – present)
 What is the Arab Spring?
 What was the role of technology in spreading the Arab Spring?
 Why is does the US continue to care about the developments in the Middle East