Download Synonym, Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up

12th Grade
1
Synonym, Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
this is the story of a battle of the sexes of 2 love affairs fraught with
obstacles and of chicanery.
Word of
the Day
chicanery
Definition, Synonym
noun
the use of clever but
tricky talk or action to
deceive or evade
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The conman was eventually
jailed for his chicanery.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is chicanery. Say the word with me: chicanery.
The word chicanery refers to the use of clever but tricky talk or action
to deceive or evade.
Caught ‘ya! Key
This is the story of a battle of the sexes, of two love affairs, fraught
with obstacles, and of chicanery.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Paragraph – beginning of story
• Comma – series of prepositional phrases
• Plural rule – if a word ends in “s”, “x”, “ch”, or “sh”, add
“es” to make it plural
• Numbers – write out one or two-word numbers
• Notice parallel structure of series
12th Grade
2
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
its a romantic comedy set in messina italy centuries ago when men held all
of the power and women were subjugated to there will
Word of
the Day
subjugated
Definition, Synonym
verb
to force a person to
obey you
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Hilda, an aggressive
woman, subjugated her
husband by forcing him to
do all of the housework.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is subjugated.
Say the word with me: subjugated
The word “subjugated” means to force a person to obey you.
Caught ‘ya! Key
It’s a romantic comedy set in Messina, Italy, centuries ago when men held
all of the power and women were subjugated to their will.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Apostrophe – Use an apostrophe in the word “it’s” when it
indicates a contraction
• Commas – separating city and country, complex sentence
with two independent clauses
• Capitalize names of cities and countries
• Homophone – their indicates possessive pronoun
• Note present tense of narrator introducing the story.
12th Grade
3
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
the convoluted soap opera of piece battles began at the end of a foiled
rebellion. don pedro, prince of aragon, spain, had just defeated his amoral
half-brother don john. The latter had been the malefactor who had staged
the rebellion
Word of
the Day
convoluted
Definition, Synonym
malefactor
noun
an evildoer or criminal
adjective
complicated and
difficult to understand
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The technician had to
untangle a convoluted
mess of cords before he
could work on the computer.
Some malefactors receive
capital punishment for their
crimes.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is convoluted. Say the word with me: convoluted.
The word convoluted means complicated and difficult to understand.
The next word of the day is malefactor. Say the word with me: malefactor.
The word malefactor means criminal or evildoer.
The malefactor fell into a life of crime because he had a convoluted set of
values.
Caught ‘ya! Key
The convoluted soap opera of peace battles began at the end of a foiled
rebellion. Don Pedro, Prince of Aragon, Spain, had just defeated his amoral
half-brother, Don John. The latter had been the malefactor who had staged
the rebellion.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• No paragraph – continuation
• Commas – appositive; around name of country after city;
non-restrictive modifier
• Homophone – piece/peace
• Notice oxymoron – “peace battles”
• Hyphen – two words acting as one
• Note: The narrator uses present tense to introduce the
story, but the story itself is in past tense.
12th Grade
4
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
don pedro and 2 of his gallants claudio a stalwart stripling from florence
italy and benedick of padua italy were returning home from the war.
Word of
the Day
stalwart
Definition, Synonym
adjective
someone who strongly
supports a particular
organization or set of
ideas
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Mary was a stalwart
supporter of breast cancer
research.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is stalwart.
Say the word with me: stalwart.
The word stalwart refers to someone who strongly supports a
particular organization or set of ideas.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Don Pedro and two of his gallants, Claudio, a stalwart stripling from
Florence, Italy and Benedick of Padua, Italy, were returning home from the
war.
Grammar/punctuation/literary device highlights:
• Alliteration: “stalwart stripling”
• Commas – appositives; city, county/state
• Numbers - write out 1- 99
12th Grade
5
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
when they reached messina italy they were too become the guests of
Leonato, the governor of Messina. After long days of conflict a few days’ of
rest at Leonato’s estate would be a welcome highlight to an otherwise
difficult journey.
Word of
the Day
estate
highlight
Definition, Synonym
noun
1. all of one’s property or
money, especially everything
left after he dies.
2. a large area of land in the
country, usually with a large
house
verb
1. to make something easy to
notice so people will pay
attention to it.
noun
a positive part of something
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The millionaire surprised his
children by leaving the bulk of his
estate to charity.
The teacher highlighted important
words to help her students study
for the test.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is estate. Say the word with me: estate.
The word estate refers to all of one’s property or money, especially
everything left after he dies.
The next word is highlight. Say the word with me: highlight. To highlight
something is to call attention to it so that it will be noticed.
Caught ‘ya! Key
When they reached Messina, Italy, they were to become the guests of
Leonato, the governor of Messina. After long days of conflict, a few days of
rest at Leonato’s estate would be a welcome highlight to an otherwise
difficult journey.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Comma – subordinating clauses at the beginning of
sentences, city, country/state, adjective phrase
• Homophone – to, two, too
12th Grade
6
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
now leonato had a comely daughter who was named hero. not only was
Hero beautiful but she was dulcet and virtuous as well.
Word of
the Day
comely
dulcet
Definition, Synonym
adjective
pleasant to look at,
attractive
adjective
sweet
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Some young teens now find
it hard to believe that the
head-shaven partier Brittney
Spears was once both
comely and dulcet.
Wordsof the day:
The first word of the day is comely. Say the word with me: comely.
The word “comely” means attractive, pleasant to look at.
The next word of the day is dulcet. Say the word with me: dulcet.
If a young girl is sweet and well-mannered, she’s ____________.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Now Leonato had a comely daughter who was named Hero. Not only
was Hero beautiful, but she was dulcet and virtuous as well.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Paragraph – new subject
• Commas – compound sentence, precede coordinating
conjunctions
• Who/Whom – Who serves as a subject in the sentence,
rather than object
• Correlative conjunction: “not only . . . but also”
12th Grade
7
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
in addition to his dulcet virtuous daughter leonato also was rearing his only
neice the witty Beatrice. she was as caustic as her cousin hero was dulcet.
Word of
the Day
witty
caustic
Definition, Synonym
adjective
smart and funny
adjective
something you say
that is extremely
unkind or full of
criticism
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Jay Leno’s fans love his
witty monologues, but
Rosie’s not-so-funny,
caustic remarks eventually
led to her resignation from
“The View.”
Word of the day:
The first word of the day is witty. Say the word with me: witty.
Something that is witty is both smart and funny.
The first word of the day is caustic. Say the word with me: caustic.
A caustic remark can be witty, but it is also hurtful in that it is extremely unkind or
critical.
Caught ‘ya! Key
In addition to his dulcet, virtuous daughter, Leonato also was rearing his
only niece, the witty Beatrice. She was as caustic as her cousin Hero was
dulcet.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• No paragraph
• Commas – two consecutive adjectives, long introductory
phrase, appositive, non-restrictive modifier (“his only
niece”)
• Spelling rule: “i” before “e,” except after “c”
12th Grade
8
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
on the momentous day when are tail commences leonato received a letter
from don pedros messenger.
Word of
the Day
commence
Definition, Synonym
verb
to begin
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
“It’s time you commenced
cleaning your room,” Mom
nagged.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is commence.
Say the word with me: commence.
The word “commence” means to begin. In May, most of you will
attend the “Commencement Ceremony,” when you formally graduate
from high school. You will be finished with high school and ready to
commence, or begin, your new lives as young adults.
Caught ‘ya! Key
On the momentous day when our tale commences, Leonato received a
letter from Don Pedro’s messenger.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Paragraph – subject change
• Comma – introductory subordinate clause of sentence
(long introductory adverbial phrase)
• Homophones – are/our, tail/tale
• Run on sentence
• Verb tense switch is correct in this sentence
• Apostrophe – possession singular
12th Grade
9
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!: (Use proper form to begin Part One of the letter)
The letter read: september 15 1603 dear leonato me and my two
companions are returning home after quelling the rebellion of don john my
half-brother. since my brother has now been adequately restrained we hope
to arrive in messina very soon.
Word of
the Day
Definition, Synonym
verb
to prevent someone from
doing something, often
by physical force
restrain
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Criminals are retrained with
handcuffs when they are
arrested.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is restrain.
Say the word with me: restrain.
To restrain someone is to prevent them from doing something, often
using physical force.
Caught ‘ya! Key - Part One of Letter
The letter read:
September 15, 1603
Dear Leonato,
Two of my companions and I are returning home after quelling the
rebellion of Don John, my half-brother. Since my brother has now been
adequately restrained, we hope to arrive in Messina very soon.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Colon – use to denote break before letter
• I/me – Use I because it serves as a subject in the sentence,
Place “I” at the end, putting yourself last)
• Commas – dat; greeting; appositive; subordinating clause
• Hyphen – two words serving as one
12th Grade
10
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!: Continue second part of letter in proper form:
we look forward to seeing you and your fetching ladies again and we hope
two-days notice will be sufficient time for you to prepare for our visit yours
truely don pedro
Word of
the Day
sufficient
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
They had sufficient
evidence to hold the suspect
for trial.
adjective
as much as you need
for a particular
purpose
Word of the day:
The word of the day is sufficient.
Say the word with me: sufficient.
The word sufficient means enough. The student’s work was barely sufficient
for him to pass the class.
Caught ‘ya! Key
We look forward to seeing you and your fetching ladies again, and we hope
two-days’ notice will be sufficient time for you to prepare for our visit.
Yours truly,
Don Pedro
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Comma – compound sentence
• Common Spelling Error – “truly”
• Plural possessive
12th Grade
11
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
in the spacious and well appointed living room of his estate leonato reads the
latest correspondence to his doting daughter and niece.
Word of
Definition, Synonym
the Day
correspondence noun
letters that people
send and receive
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The executive’s secretary
deals with most of her
correspondence.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is correspondence.
Say the word with me: correspondence.
The word “correspondence” is another way to say letters or other
forms of written communication such as email.
Since I’ve returned from vacation, I’m up to my neck in unanswered
correspondence.
Caught ‘ya! Key
In the spacious and well-appointed living room of his estate, Leonato read
the latest correspondence to his doting daughter and niece.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph
• Hyphen – two words serving as single adjective
• Comma – Long introductory adverb with two
prepositional phrases
• Tense shift inappropriate – story is in past tense
12th Grade
12
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
is signior mountanto returning with him asked Beatrice who was trying to
appear nonchalant as she set on a green high-backed couch.
Word of
the Day
nonchalant
Definition, Synonym
adjective
calm, not seeming
interested or worried
about anything
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The truant student yawned
to appear nonchalant when
questioned by the AP.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is nonchalant.
Say the word with me: nonchalant.
The word ” nonchalant” means to be calm or to seem disinterested.
It’s often used in the context where someone feigns disinterest, when
they really are upset. Beatrice pretends to be nonchalant because
she is really very interested in Benedick.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“Is Signior Mountanto returning with him?” asked Beatrice who was trying
to appear nonchalant as she sat on a green, high-backed couch.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph
• Hyphen – two words serving as single adjective
• Quotation marks – dialogue
• Placement of question mark inside quotation marks
• Comma – two consecutive adjectives
12th Grade
13
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
for whom are you asking niece queried Leonato amiably.
Word of
the Day
queried
Definition, Synonym
amiable, adj.
amiably, adv
adjective
friendly and pleasant
verb
questioned
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The attorney queried the
witness in advance of the
trial.
Her friends were drawn
to her amiable personality.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is queried. Say the word with me: queried.
A query is a question. If someone “queries,” he/she asks a
question.
The next word is amiably. Say the word with me: amiably.
The word “amiable” means friendly and pleasant. In the adverbial
from of the word, someone would behave amiably, or in a friendly
way.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“For whom are you asking, Niece?” queried Leonato amiably.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Quotation marks to indicate conversation
• Placement of question mark inside quotation marks
• Comma – direct address
• Whom - Reflective pronoun “whom” acts as object of
preposition in this sentence
12th Grade
14
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
my cousin obviously means signior benedick of pauda hero said with a wink
a smile and a pat for beatrice
Word of
the Day
obviously
Definition, Synonym
adverb
used when something is
easily noticed or
understood.
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The young child was
obviously terrified by the
movie that his older brother
found thrilling.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is obviously.
Say the word with me: obviously.
The word ”obviously” means easily noticed or understood.
The girl was obviously very embarrassed when the teacher singled her out for
not having her homework.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“My cousin obviously means Signior Benedick of Pauda,” Hero said
with a wink, a smile, and a pat for Beatrice.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New Paragraph – different speaker
• Quotation marks to indicate conversation
• Commas – noun series
12th Grade
15
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
the messenger who had brought the letter replied without rancor oh sir
benedick returns with don pedro and he is as pleasant as ever with his barbs
and quips
Word of
the Day
barbs
quips
Definition, Synonym
noun
a cutting remark that
stings
noun
a witty or sarcastic
remark or reply
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The barb of his wit made us
wince.
Although the couple readily
engaged in barbs and
quips, they were really fond
of one another.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is barbs. Say the word with me: barbs
The word “barb” means a cutting remark, a put-down.
The next word of the day is quips. Say the word with me: quips.
A “quip” is also a witty or sarcastic remark or reply.
The teens bantered back and forth with barbs and quips, comically
poking fun at one another.
Caught ‘ya! Key
The messenger who had brought the letter replied without rancor,
“Oh, Sir Benedick returns with Don Pedro, and he is as pleasant as ever with
his barbs and quips.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Paragraph – new speaker
• Quotation marks to indicate conversation
• Commas - to set off conversation and to correct run on
(compound sentence)
12th Grade
16
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
so how many enemies has he killed and eaten in the war when he was last in
messina benedick fancied himself an amorous lady killer he feigned love
beatrice continued and challenged cupid himself with his disdain for marriage
Word of
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
the Day
Showing sentence
We feigned interest in Mr.
feigned
verb
formal --to pretend to have a feeling, be Dixon's stamp collection
sick, be asleep,
Mason's disdain and
disdain
noun
formal-- a lack of respect for someone
condescending attitude for
or something because you think he,
people without education
she, or it is not important or not good
interfered with some of his
enough
relationships.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is feigned. Say the word with me: feigned.
To feign means “to pretend.” Some students feign illness to avoid going to school.
The next word of the day is disdain. Say the word with me: disdain.
The word disdain means have a lack of respect for someone, to be condescending to
someone. The supervisor treated the negligent employee with disdain.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“(So, how many . . . or) How many enemies has he killed and eaten in the
war? When he was last in Messina, Benedick fancied himself an amorous lady
killer. He feigned love,” Beatrice continued, “and challenged Cupid himself with
his disdain for marriage.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – introductory word (“so” as an interjection), subordinate
clause at the beginning of a sentence; interrupted quote
• Run-on sentence
• Coordinating conjunctions – Do not begin sentences with them
• Punctuation – question mark for interrogative, quotation marks for
conversation
• Plural rules – consonant ‘y’ changes to ‘ies’
• Compound predicate
• Complex sentence – subordinate clause
12th Grade
17
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
ah beatrice my dear caustic niece bide your tongue. he has done good for don
pedro. he will be between us soon enough, and you can utter youre barbs
directly too benedick himself counseled leonato.
Word of
the Day
Definition, Synonym
bide
verb
to wait until the right time
to do something
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
You might bide your time for the
best opportunity to ask to leave
class.
utter
verb
literary--to say something
No one uttered a word when the
coach screamed at the team.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is bide. Say the word with me: bide.
The word “bide” means to wait. If you “bide your tongue” you wait to speak.
The word of the day is utter. Say the word with me: utter.
“To utter” is to speak, to say something. The noun form of the word is “utterance.”
Caught ‘ya! Key
“Ah, Beatrice, my dear, caustic niece, bide your tongue. He has done well
for Don Pedro. He will be among [or with] us soon enough, and you can utter
your barbs directly to Benedick himself,” counseled Leonato.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – interjection, direct address; two adjectives, quote
• Quotation
• Adjective vs. adverb – “good” as adjective, well as adverb
• Spelling rule – ‘i’ before ‘e’ . . .
• Frequently confused prepositions: between/among
• Homophones – your/you’re and to/too/two
• Reflexive pronouns – myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves, themselves; use correct form
12th Grade
18
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
yes he is a good soldier my lady and a better freind sir benedick his bat fowling
mouth nonetheless is a valiant man replied the messenger wryly
Word of
the Day
wry, wryly
Definition, Synonym
adjective
showing in a humorous way
that you are not pleased by
something:
adverb
to do something funny with an
attitude of displeasure
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Jerry replied to the “put-down” with
merely a wry smile.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is wryly. Say the word with me: wryly.
To do something “wryly” is to show an attitude of displeasure in a
humorous way.
If your friend makes fun of what you’re wearing, you might respond wryly
with a quip that questions her taste in clothes, such as, “Who died and left
you the fashion queen?”
Caught ‘ya! Key
“Yes, he is a good soldier, my lady, and a better friend. Sir Benedick—his batfowling mouth nonetheless—is a valiant man,” replied the messenger wryly.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – introductory word; direct address; quote
• Quotation
• Adjective vs. adverb – “good” as adjective
• Comparative – good, better, best
• Spelling rule – ‘i’ before ‘e’ . . .
• Hyphen – two words acting as one
• Dash vs. parenthesis – one or the other needed to denote break in
the sentence for narrator’s aside
12th Grade
19
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
watch your food supply uncle leonato teased Beatrice for Benedick is known for
his excellent stomach in other words he is not frugal with his fork.. hero giggled
at her cousins implications but didn’t say nothing.
Word of
the Day
frugal
Definition, Synonym
adjective
1. careful to buy only what
is necessary
2. small in quantity and
cost
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
My family didn’t have much
money, so my parents were very
frugal.
During the Great Depression
some families survived on frugal
meals of cheese and bread.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is frugal. Say the word with me: frugal.
If you are extremely careful with your money, your friends might call you “stingy” rather
than _________________.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“Watch your food supply, Uncle Leonato,” teased Beatrice, “for Benedick
is known for his excellent stomach. In other words, he is not frugal with his fork.”
Hero giggled at her cousin’s implications but said nothing.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Two paragraphs – One speaker, one narrator
• Commas – direct address, interrupted quote, introductory phrase, no
comma before ‘but’ because it does not begin a compound sentence
• Quotation – interrupted quote
• Possession – singular noun
• Double negative – avoid use
• Apostrophe - possessive
12th Grade
20
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
leonato addressed the messenger you must not sir mistake my niece. their is a
kind of merry war going on between signior benedick and she. whenever they
meet he and she have an exemplary verbal battle of wits worse than two
lawyers in court”
Word of
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
the Day
Showing sentence
Some students received academic
exemplary
adjective
1. excellent and providing a good awards at the end of the year for their
example
exemplary grades.
2, severe and used as a warning
. . . an exemplary punishment
wit
noun
1. the ability to say things that
Will Smith and Jay Leno are known for
are funny and smart
their wit.
2. the ability to think quickly and
Firefighters need to keep their wits
make the right decision
about them in emergency situations.
Wordsof the day:
The first word of the day is exemplary. Say the word with me:
exemplary.
Our goal is for our high school to be rated an __________________ campus
by the state.
The next word of the day is wit. Say the word with me: wit.
Sometimes class clowns can get in trouble for their ________.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Leonato addressed the messenger. “You must not, Sir, mistake my niece.
There is a kind of merry war going on between Signior Benedick and her.
Whenever they meet, he and she have an exemplary verbal battle of wits worse
than two lawyers in court.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Paragraph – new person speaking
• Commas – direct address, introductory subordinate clause
• Homophone – their/ there/they’re
• Capitalization – “Sir” as it refers to Don Pedro and is used as a name
• Frequently confused words – between (only 2) / among (more); then
(an adverb) / than (a conjunction)
• Pronouns – “She” is subject and “her” is an object or shows
possession
• Irregular comparatives – bad/worse/worst
• Numbers – write out to through ninety-nine
12th Grade
21
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
now, in those days’ of long ago letter’s were slow to arrive. soon after the
messenger left leonatos’ abode is when don pedro and his 2 gallants’ enter the
tall stone gate’s of messina.
Word of
the Day
abode
Definition, Synonym
noun
formal-- the place where
you live
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The young newlyweds excitedly
invited their friends to an open
house to celebrate moving in to
their new abode.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: abode.
Say the word with me: abode.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Now, in those days of long ago, letters were slow to arrive. Soon after the
messenger left Leonato’s abode, Don Pedro and his two gallants entered the tall,
stone gates of Messina.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – narrator
• Commas – introductory word; long introductory adverb with two
prepositional phrases; introductory subordinate clause; two
adjectives where second is not age, color, or linked to noun
• Possession – singular noun
• Possessives vs. plurals
• Wrong word use—never use “is when”—“when” is not a verb
• Numbers – write out through ninety-nine
• Verb tense switch – story is in past tense
12th Grade
22
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
and when Benedick don pedro and claudio the handsome young immature lord
of florence italy arrived at leonatos estate leonato invited them to stay. benedick
and beatrice began there usual mordacious repartée.
Word of
the Day
mordacious
Definition, Synonym
adjective
caustic, scathing,
sarcastic
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Some comediennes routinely use
their mordacious wit to handle
rowdy audience members with
verbal assaults.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: mordacious. Say the word with me: mordacious.
If you constantly put down your friends, you could be accused of being
_______________.
Caught ‘ya! Key
When Benedick, Don Pedro, and Claudio, the handsome, young, immature lord
of Florence, Italy, arrived at Leonato’s estate, Leonato invited them to stay.
Benedick and Beatrice began their usual mordacious repartée.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• No new paragraph – continuation
• Note alliteration
• Commas – noun series; appositive; adjective series; city, state;
subordinate clause at beginning of sentence
• Coordinating conjunctions - Do not begin a sentence with one
unless it’s used as an interjection
• Possessive pronoun/Homophone – “their”
• Possession – singular noun
• Compound subject in second sentence
12th Grade
23
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
its a good thing signior leonato that your not beatrices father
said benedick not wasting any time in his baiting of beatrice.
if youre neice was your daughter you would be in trouble.
you to are to much alike.
Word of
the Day
baiting
Definition, Synonym
verb
to deliberately try to
make someone angry by
criticizing him/her, using
rude names, etc.
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Goodman refused to be
baited into saying anything
bad about his co-star.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: baiting. Say the word with me: baiting.
To “bait” someone means to deliberately draw them into a
confrontation. In the opening act of Shakespeare’s Romeo and
Juliet, the Capulet servants begin to verbally bait the Montague men,
and a public disruption ensues.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“It’s a good thing, Signior Leonato, that you are not
Beatrice’s father,” said Benedick, not wasting any time in his
baiting of Beatrice. “If your niece were your daughter, you
would be in trouble. You two are too much alike.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – direct address; quote; participial phrase;
introductory subordinate clause
• Homophones – it/it’s; your/you’re; two/to/too
• Possession – singular noun
• Spelling – “i” before “e”
• Verb tense – was/were, subjunctive mood in “if” clause
12th Grade
24
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
what. are you observant sir benedick retorted beatrice.
ah my lady disdain. you speak said benedick you call me
lady disdain and yet you disdain all the ladies the ladies love
me all accept you my loving beatrice.
Word of
the Day
retorted
Definition, Synonym
verb
to reply quickly, in an
angry or humorous
way
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: retorted.
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
“None of your business!” he
retorted.
Say the word with me:
retorted.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“What? Are you observant, Sir Benedick? retorted Beatrice.
“Ah, my ‘Lady Disdain.’ you speak, said Benedick.
“You call me ‘Lady Disdain,’ and yet you disdain all the ladies.”
“The ladies love me—all except you, my ‘loving’ Beatrice.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Four paragraphs – conversation, to differentiate speakers
• Commas – direct address; interjection; quote; compound
sentence; direct address
• Quotation marks – conversation
• Punctuation – dash to indicate break, comma also
acceptable; quote within a quote denoting sarcasm
(‘loving’)
• Frequently confused words – accept/except
12th Grade
25
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!: (two speakers)
you love no one you pernicious unsuitable suitor. I wish my horse were as fast
as your tongue. Keep quite now for noone is listening to you beatrice concluded
Word of
the Day
pernicious
Definition, Synonym
adjective
formal -- very harmful,
especially in a way that is
not easily noticeable
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The pernicious effects of
tobacco advertising eventually
led to a ban on television ads.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: pernicious.
Say the word with me: pernicious.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“You love no one, you pernicious, unsuitable suitor.”
“I wish my horse were as fast as your tongue.”
“Keep quiet now, for no one is listening to you,” Beatrice concluded.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Three paragraphs – conversation between two people
• Commas – direct address; two adjectives where second is not age,
color, or linked to noun; compound sentence; quote
• Quotation marks
• Common spelling error – no one is two words
• Homophone – your/you’re
• Often confused words – quite/quit/quiet
• As vs. like – “like” is only used with nouns; “as” needed in
comparatives—“as fast as”
• Verb tense—need for subjunctive mood in clause of wishing.
12th Grade
26
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
don pedro interjected, their is the sparring match. end round one. my dear
leonato we will be staying hear at least a month. these 2 will have a plethora of
time too farther spar.
Word of
the Day
interjected
spar
Definition, Synonym
verb
Formal-- to interrupt what
someone is saying with a
sudden remark
verb
1 to practice boxing with
someone
2 new sense to argue with
someone:
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
A certain student’s constant
interjections frustrated both the
teacher and the students.
They got tired of the sparring
because the verbal jabs were
escalating to more and more hurtful
remarks.
Words of the day: The first word of the day is: interjected. Say the
word with me: interjected
The second word of the day is: spar. Say the word with me: spar.
Boxers spar with one another to prepare for a match. Friends can
sometimes verbally spar with each other by trading put downs. In
both cases no real harm is usually intended. When political
candidates spar, however, it’s usually done with the intent of
ultimately defeating their opponent.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Don Pedro interjected, “There is the sparring match. End round one!
My dear Leonato, we will be staying here at least a month. These two will have a
plethora of time to spar further.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – quote, direct address
• Quotation Marks – conversation
• Homophones – their/they’re/there; hear/here; to/two/too
• Numbers – spell out through ninety-nine
• Split Infinitive
• Frequently confused words – further/farther
12th Grade
27
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
while this repartee was going on claudio became enraptured
by the silent hero
Word of
the Day
repartée
enraptured
Definition, Synonym
noun
a quick, witting reply;
witty and spirited
conversation.
verb
to delight, to thrill, or to
give pleasure
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Ray Romano and Brad Garrett
won awards for their witty
repartée on “Everybody
loves Raymond.”
American audiences were so
enraptured by the sitcom,
that re-runs continue to show
daily in most areas.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: repartée. Say the word with me: repartée.
The word of the day is: enraptured. Say the word with me: enraptured
Caught ‘ya! Key
While this repartée was going on, Claudio became
enraptured by the silent Hero.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – narrator
• Comma -- introductory subordinate clause
• Use of foreign word
12th Grade
28
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
the mere site of her affected his heart. her long black hair
bung to her tiny waste and her shy smile affected a
quickening of his breathing.
Word of
the Day
quickening
Definition, Synonym
noun
speeding up;
hastening; stimulating
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Exhausted from her night of
revelry, Mary stumbled to
the coffee pot searching for
a way to quicken her pace
so that she wouldn’t be late
to work.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: quickening.
Say the word with me: quickening.
To quicken is to become or to make something faster.
Caught ‘ya! Key
The mere sight of her affected his heart. Her long black hair
bung to her tiny waist, and her shy smile effected a
quickening of his breathing.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Comma – compound sentence
• Incorrect verb tense shift – story in past tense
• Frequently confused words – affect/effect
• Gerund – participle used as noun “breathing”
• Homophones – waist/waste; site/sight
12th Grade
29
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
as leonato led his guests to there rooms claudio and
benedick discoursed
Word of
the Day
discoursed
Definition, Synonym
noun
serious conversation
between people
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Camp David provides a
quiet, peaceful setting for
meaningful discourse
between important world
leaders.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: discoursed
Say the word with me: discoursed
To engage in discourse, is to participate in conversation.
Caught ‘ya! Key
As Leonato led his guests to their rooms, Claudio and
Benedick discoursed.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – narrator
• Comma – introductory subordinate clause
• Homophone – they’re/their/there
12th Grade
30
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
hero is the sweetest lady I have ever seen shy claudio sighed.
everyone to their own taste retorted Benedick sarcastically
Word of
the Day
sarcasm
sarcastically
Definition, Synonym
noun
a way of speaking or
writing in which you say
the opposite of what you
really mean in order to
make an unkind joke or to
show that you are
annoyed
adverb
to speak with sarcasm
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
When John came in late, his
boss, with heavy sarcasm,
said, “I see you are early
and punctual as always,
John.”
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: sarcastically. Say the word with me:
sarcastically.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“Hero is the sweetest lady I have ever seen,” shy Claudio
sighed.
[or I ever saw . . .]
“Everyone to his own taste,” retorted Benedick sarcastically.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
•
•
•
•
•
Commas – quote
Quotation marks – conversation
Regular comparisons – sweet/sweeter/sweetest
Irregular verb – see/saw/has seen
Antecedent/pronoun agreement – “everyone” is singular
so “their,” which is plural, cannot be used
• Collective nouns – everyone, family, crowd, crew, group,
etc.
12th Grade
31
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
well i dont see anything in her benedick continued honestly but that cousin of
hers would be comely if she were not a spitting civet
Word of
the Day
civet
Definition, Synonym
noun
a small carnivorous
mammal that
resembles a cat in
appearance
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
We watched in amazement
as the civet trapped and
consumed a rather large
bird.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: civet.
Say the word with me: civet.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“Well, I don’t see anything in her,” Benedick continued honestly, “but that cousin
of hers would be comely if she were not a spitting civet.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Metaphor – Beatrice compared to a civet
• Commas – introductory word, interrupted quote/compound
sentence
• Quotation marks – conversation
• Apostrophe – contraction
• Verb tense – “were” for subjunctive mood in “if” clause
12th Grade
32
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
are you casting asparagus on my feelings do you think my love is not
complete like a half-formed wish babbled a frustrated claudio. no i am not
casting aspersions on your feelings. i no that a half warmed fish is less
complete then them benedick blithely corrected his friend.
Word of
the Day
aspersion
blithely
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
noun
Carol Burnett once
a statement that
successfully sued a tabloid
attacks somebody's
magazine for having written
character or reputation untrue articles that publicly cast
adverb
aspersions on her.
1. casually indifferent
The children were blithely
2. happily, cheerfully,
and with a carefree playing in the street, unaware
of the danger of passing cars.
attitude
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: aspersion. Say the word with me:
aspersion.
The next word of the day is: blithely. Say the word with me:
blithely.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“Are you casting asparagus on my feelings? Do you think my love is
not complete like a half-formed wish?” babbled a frustrated Claudio.
“No, I am not casting aspersions on your feelings. I know that a halfwarmed fish is less complete than they,” Benedick blithely corrected his
friend.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
Note--malapropism – “casting asparagus;” simile;
Spoonerism
– “half-formed fish”
Two paragraphs – conversation
Commas – introductory word, quote
Run-on sentence
Question marks needed in questions
Homophone – no/know
Frequently confused words – then/than
Pronouns – “They” as a subject must be used after “than” because
“are” is implied (“than they are”)
12th Grade
33
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
and claudio taunted benedick for his views on love and marriage.
benedick warned claudio that if he wasnt careful he would soon be a
husband.
Word of
the Day
taunt
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
verb
After the death of Patrokolos,
to provoke, ridicule, or Achilles returned to the battle
tease somebody in a
and taunted Hector into fighting
hurtful or mocking way him alone.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: taunt. Say the word with me: taunt.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Claudio taunted Benedick for his views on love and marriage.
Benedick warned Claudio that if he weren’t careful, he would soon be
a husband.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – narrator
• Conjunction – do not begin sentences with one
• Verb tense – “were” for subjunctive mood in “if” clause
• Apostrophe – contraction
• Commas – subordinate clause before verb
12th Grade
34
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
benedick then went on an on about how he would never never fall in
love or marry. Perdition would freeze over before that would
happen.
Word of
the Day
perdition
Definition, Synonym
noun
1. in some religions, the
state of everlasting
punishment in hell that
sinners endure after
death
2. hell itself as a location
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The minister warned his
congregation to turn from
their evil ways in order to
avoid the eternal
consequence of perdition.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: perdition.
Say the word with me: perdition.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Benedick then went on an on about how he would never, never fall in
love nor marry. Perdition would freeze over before that would
happen.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
•
•
•
•
Note euphemism – perdition instead of Hell
No new paragraph – same topic
Comma – repeated word
Negatives – “never” necessitates “nor”
12th Grade
35
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
like you my friend i swore id never marry. if it were hero that would
be my wife though I would succumb to cupid’s arrows acceded
claudio.
never in a million year’s vociferated benedick. not i. i shall die a
bachelor
Word of
the Day
accede
vociferate
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
verb
Bill graciously acceded to
to give consent or
our request to have the
agreement to
party at his house.
something
Suzie blushed with anger as
verb
Jerry vociferated criticisms
to shout something out of her project plans at the
loudly
staff meeting.
Words of the day:
The word of the day is: acceded. Say the word with me: acceded.
The word of the day is: vociferated. Say the word with me: vociferated.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“Like you, my friend, I swore I’d never marry. If it were Hero who
would be my wife, though, I would succumb to Cupid’s arrows,”
acceded Claudio.
“Never in a million years!” vociferated Benedick. “Not I. I shall
die a bachelor!”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Note – allusion to mythology
• Commas – direct address, introductory subordinate clauses;
interrupter; quote
• Verb tense – “were” needed for subjunctive mood with “if” clause
• Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“who” needed for
subject; “that” and “which” never refer to people
• Deliberate use of Fragment
• Verbs – avoid splitting helping verb and verb
12th Grade
36
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
little does the arrogant dogmatic and overconfident benedick know
what is in store for him will his wit rise to the occasion as D’Artagnans
did in the three musketeers
Word of
the Day
dogmatic
Definition, Synonym
adjective
prone to expressing
rigid, strongly held
beliefs and opinions
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Grandpa was always
dogmatic about his views
on the best way to grow
corn.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: dogmatic.
Say the word with me: dogmatic.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Little does the arrogant, dogmatic, and overconfident Benedick know
what is in store for him! Will his wit rise to the occasion as
D’Artagnans did in The Three Musketeers?
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Note – foreshadowing
• New paragraph – narrator aside
• Commas – adjective series
• Punctuation – exclamation mark for dramatic statement,
question mark for question
• Like vs. As – “Like” cannot be used because it is followed
by a verb at the end of the phrase – “Like” can only be
followed by a noun as in “like water”
• Apostrophe – possession
• Underline and capitalize titles of books
12th Grade
37
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
don pedro entered the discussion and upbraided benedick for his
stand before i die Benedick i predict that i shall see you a victim of
cupids arrow don pedro than offered too woo hero for the timid
claudio that was too shy to do so hisself.
Word of
the Day
upbraid
woo
Definition, Synonym
verb
to criticize or scold
somebody in a harsh
manner
verb
to seek the affection or love
of a woman in order to
marry her
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The manager of
McDonalds upbraided his
staff for allowing the drivethrough line to get backed
up.
When Prince William
woos a young woman, the
entire world watches.
Words of the day:
The word of the day is: upbraid. Say the word with me: upbraid.
The word of the day is: woo. Say the word with me: woo.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Don Pedro entered the discussion and upbraided Benedick for
his stand. “Before I die, Benedick, I predict that I shall see you a
victim of Cupid’s arrow.” Don Pedro then offered to woo Hero for the
timid Claudio, who was too shy to do so himself.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
New paragraph – new speaker
Commas -- introductory subordinate clause; direct address; nonrestrictive modifier
Apostrophe – possession
Frequently confused words – then/than (“Then” is an adverb and
needed here; “than” is a conjunction used to compare.)
Homophone – to/two/too
Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“who” needed for
subject; “that” and “which” never refer to people
Reflexive pronouns – “hisself” is not a word
12th Grade
38
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
a servant overhears this conversation and reports it to leonatos
venerable older brother Antonio. antonio himself informed Leonato
of the news like he was a reporter for the new york times.
Word of
the Day
venerable
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
adjective
The venerable
worthy of respect as a result congressman, Sam
of great age, wisdom,
Rayburn, was honored with
remarkable achievements,
a building named after him.
or similar qualities
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: venerable.
Say the word with me: venerable.
Caught ‘ya! Key
A servant overheard this conversation and reported it to Leonato’s
venerable older brother, Antonio. Antonio himself informed Leonato
of the “news” as if he were a reporter for the New York Times.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New Paragraph – subject change
• Comma – appositive
• Verb tense shift – story is in past tense
• Apostrophe – possession
• Run-on sentence
• Quotation marks to indicate falsehood
• Like vs. As – “Like must be followed by a noun in a straight
comparison
• Verb tense – “were” needed for subjunctive mood in “if”
clause
• Underline titles of newspapers
12th Grade
39
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
the only problem was that this minion thought that he herd him say
that he was going to woo the fair hero for himself.
the plot thickens like gravy burbling on the stove.
Word of
the Day
minion
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
noun
The Oscar-winning star
a servile or slavish follower and her minions took up
of somebody generally
an entire wing of the top
regarded as important
floor of the new hotel.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: minion.
Say the word with me: minion.
Caught ‘ya! Key
The only problem was that this minion thought that he heard Don
Pedro say that he was going to woo the fair Hero for himself.
The plot thickens like gravy burbling on the stove.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• No new paragraph for first sentence, new paragraph –
narrator aside
• Pronouns –too many pronouns for clarity
• Homophone – herd/heard
• Verb tense – correct use of present tense for narrator aside
12th Grade
40
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
and it thickens even more as the infamous don john whom had
already staged one rebellion against his half brother don pedro
arrived in town and laid in wait to nastily plot.
Word of
the Day
infamous
Definition, Synonym
adjective
notorious, having an
extremely bad
reputation
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
In London, we visited the
infamous torture chamber,
which still houses some
gruesome reminders of the
past.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: infamous.
Say the word with me: infamous.
Caught ‘ya! Key
It thickens even more as the infamous Don John, who already had
staged one rebellion against his half-brother, Don Pedro, arrived in
town and lay in wait to plot nastily.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• No new paragraph
• Commas – appositive and adjective clause with relative
pronoun
• Coordinating conjunctions – Do not begin a sentence with
one.
• Hyphen – two words acting as one
• Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“who” needed
as subject here
• Avoid splitting helping verbs and verbs, if possible
• Transitive vs. Intransitive verbs: transitive (lay/laid);
intransitive (lie/lay)
• Avoid Splitting Infinitives -- Star Trek was wrong – “To
boldly go. . .” should be “to go boldly . . .”
12th Grade
41
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
although he had been defeated don john was by know means
powerless. he was possessed of more knavery then iago that arrant
villain who had prayed nefariously upon othello.
Word of
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
the Day
Showing sentence
knavery
noun – evil, dishonesty,
Captain Jack Sparrow is
deceitfulness
infamous for his comic and
arrant
adjective – complete, used crafty knavery. Even
to emphasize that
though his sense of arrant
somebody or something is
self-importance infuriates his
enemies, it captures the
an extreme example of
hearts of the audience.
something disapproved of
adjective: evil; utterly
Pirates of the Caribbean has
nefarious
many pirates who are much
immoral or wicked
nefariously adverb
more nefarious than Jack
Sparrow.
Words of the day:
The word of the day is: knavery. Say the word with me: knavery.
The word of the day is: arrant. Say the word with me: arrant.
The word of the day is: nefarious. Say the word with me:
nefarious.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Although he had been defeated, Don John was by no means
powerless. He was possessed of more knavery than Iago, that
arrant villain who had preyed nefariously upon Othello.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Note – literary allusion
• New paragraph
• Commas – introductory subordinate clause; appositive
• Verb tense – need for pluperfect (past perfect) tense to
refer to previous action
• Frequently confused words – then/than
• Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“who” needed
as subject of “had preyed”
• Homophones – no/know, pray/prey
12th Grade
42
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
accompanying don john was his 2 equally vile associates borachio
and conrade. this diabolical trio, having herd the fallacious rumor
concerning don pedro and hero ploted ways to brake up the romance.
Word of
the Day
diabolical
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
adjective - extremely cruel A diabolical criminal went
or evil
free because the crime lab
fallacious
adjective - containing or
made a mistake with the
involving a mistaken belief DNA tests, causing the
or idea
police to fallaciously
fallaciously adverb
charge an innocent man.
Words of the day:
The word of the day is: diabolical. Say the word with me: diabolical.
The word of the day is: fallacious. Say the word with me: fallacious.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Accompanying Don John were his two equally vile associates,
Borachio and Conrade. This diabolical trio, having heard the
fallacious rumor concerning Don Pedro and Hero, plotted ways to
break up the romance.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• No new paragraph
• Commas – non-restrictive modifier; participial phrase as
interrupter
• Subject verb agreement – plural subject located in
predicate
• Homophones – herd/heard, brake/break
• Write out numbers up to 100.
• Spelling – if a word ends in consonant/vowel/consonant
and a suffix is added, the last consonant must be doubled
(plotting)
12th Grade
43
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
if I can cross my brother in any way said don john with antipathy ill
do it. id like two get even with that upstart claudio too. He gots all of
the glory for defeating me. it was me who should of won.
Word of
the Day
antipathy
upstart
Definition, Synonym
noun
strongly negative feeling; strong
hostility or opposition toward
somebody or something
noun
somebody who is newly wealthy,
powerful, or famous, but is
regarded as not deserving to be
so
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Dr. Howell’s antipathy for
students who cheat on tests
is well known.
Eager to hear the Grammywinning rock stars, the
concert audience squirmed
impatiently in their seats
during the upstart‘s opening
performance.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: antipathy. Say the word with me: antipathy.
The word of the day is: upstart. Say the word with me: upstart.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“If I can cross my brother in any way,” said Don John with
antipathy, “I’ll do it. I’d like to get even with that upstart Claudio,
too. He received all of the glory for defeating me. It was I who
should have won.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Paragraph – new speaker
Commas -- interrupted quote; “too” always has to be set off by
commas if it means “also;” no commas after “upstart” since it is a
restrictive modifier
Quotation marks – conversation
Verb tense – need for subjunctive mood, future or conditional tense
with “if clause”
Apostrophe – contractions
Wrong word – “gots” is not a word, “have” rather than “of”
Homophone – to/two/too
Verb tense – “I” is used as the subject after the verb
Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“who” needed as
subject; “whom” as object)
12th Grade
44
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
meanwhile, at leonatos domicile hero beatrice leonato and his
elderly brother antonio are waiting for a masquerade dance to begin.
beatrice regaled the assembled company with her idea of the ideal
suitor.
Word of
the Day
domicile
regale
Definition, Synonym
noun – someone’s home
or place of residence.
verb -- to entertain or
amuse somebody,
especially by telling stories
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The most common domicile of
college students is the
dormitory.
When we were small, we loved
it when our grandparents would
regale us with stories of when
they were young and crazy.
Words of the day:
The word of the day is: domicile. Say the word with me: domicile.
The word of the day is: regale. Say the word with me: regale.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Meanwhile, at Leonato’s domicile, Hero, Beatrice, Leonato,
and his elderly brother, Antonio, were waiting for a masquerade
dance to begin. Beatrice regaled the assembled company with her
idea of the “ideal suitor.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – place change
• Commas – optional for introductory one-word adverb; after
two introductory adverbs; list of nouns; non-restrictive
modifier (only one elderly brother)
• Punctuation – need for quotation marks around falsehood
(Beatrice wants no suitor)
• Incorrect verb tense switch – story is in past tense
12th Grade
45
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
the perfect man and there are fewer of them than men would like to
think would be somewhere among the grim churlish don john and
the overly presumptuous canker benedick beatrice mused.
Word of
the Day
churlish
presumptuous
canker
Words of the day:
Definition, Synonym
adjective -characteristic of
somebody with bad
manners
adjective – rude, arrogant,
inconsiderate, disrespectful
noun - an evil or corrupting
influence that spreads and
is difficult to wipe out
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The principal felt that, even though
only a few students exhibited
presumptuous and churlish
attitudes, they represented a
canker in the school that needed
to be stopped before the
atmosphere of the entire school
suffered.
The word of the day is: churlish. Say the word with me: churlish
The word of the day is: presumptuous. Say the word with me:
presumptuous.
The word of the day is: canker. Say the word with me: canker.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“The perfect man (and there are fewer of them than men would
like to think) would be somewhere between the grim, churlish Don
John and the overly presumptuous canker, Benedick,” Beatrice
mused.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New Paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – two adjectives; non-restrictive modifier; quote
• Quotation marks – conversation
• Parenthesis – used for aside comment
• Frequently confused words – fewer/less (“fewer can be
counted, “less” compares); then/than (“than” needed here
to compare); among/between
12th Grade
46
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
then half signior benedicks words in don johns mouth and half don
johns melancholy in Signior Benedicks face would be your ideal
mate teased Leonato
Word of
the Day
melancholy
Definition, Synonym
adjective, noun
sad, depressed,
downhearted
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Ernest Hemingway had a
reputation for periods of
melancholy and eventually
committed suicide.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: melancholy.
Say the word with me: melancholy.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“Then half Signior Benedick’s words in Don John’s mouth and
half Don John’s melancholy in Signior Benedick’s face would be
your ideal mate?” teased Leonato.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New Paragraph – new speaker
• Quotation marks – dialogue
• Apostrophe – possessives
• Question mark – interrogative sentence
12th Grade
47
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
and with a virile leg and a good foot uncle and money in his pocket too continued
Beatrice as if she wasnt interrupted. a man like that would win any woman in the
world—if he could get her to accede. (continued in next caught ya!)
Word of
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
the Day
Showing sentence
adjective -- 1. relating to or having James Bond, the virile British
virile
the characteristics of an adult male character of the movies, is
2. strong in a sexually attractive
never at a loss for the
way
company of beautiful women.
verb -- 1. to give consent or
agreement to something
President Bush acceded to
2. To enter upon the duties of an
office in January, 2001.
accede
office
Words of the day:
The word of the day is: virile. Say the word with me: virile.
The second word of the day is accede. Say the word: accede.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“With a virile leg and a good foot, Uncle, and money in his pocket, too,”
continued Beatrice as if she had not been interrupted. “A man such as he would
win any woman in the world—if he could get her to accede.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – new speaker
• Quotation marks – dialogue
• Coordinating conjunction – do not begin sentences with one
• Verb tense
• Like vs. as – “Like” should be used only with a noun or pronoun
standing for a noun in a direct comparison; “as if” must be used
here because it is not a comparison.
• Pronouns – “he” is needed because it is the subject of an implied
verb (“is”)
• Punctuation – dash (or commas) needed to denote break; no end
quotation marks because Beatrice’s dialogue will be continued in
next Caught ya!
12th Grade
48
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
and i dont want anyone who has a beard on his face neither beatrice
warmed up to her diatribe. he who has a beard is more than a
youth. he who has no beard is less then a man. he who is more than
a youth is not for me he who is less than a man i am not for him
Word of
the Day
diatribe
Definition, Synonym
noun
a bitter verbal or written
attack on somebody or
something
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The Secretary of Education
published a diatribe against
falling standards in
education.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: diatribe.
Say the word with me: diatribe.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“I don’t want anyone who has a beard on his face, either,”
Beatrice warmed up to her diatribe. “He who has a beard is more
than a youth. He who has no beard is less than a man. He who is
more than a youth is not for me; he who is less than a man, I am not
for him.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New Paragraph – slight subject change
• Commas – quote; odd word order (“I am not for him”);
extra word
• Apostrophe – contraction
• Correlative conjunctions – “either” needed, for there is no
negative
• Relative pronouns – who/who/that/which (who is needed in
all five places; “that” or “which” never used with people)
• Frequently confused words – then/than; fewer/less
• Semicolon – compound sentence
12th Grade
49
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
on my word niece you never will get a husband and marry if you are
such a shrew with our tongue and so shrewd with your wit
admonished Leonato fondly. four hundred years ago womens rights
did not exist
Word of Definition, Synonym
the Day
shrew
noun
an offensive term for a woman
who is regarded as quarrelsome,
nagging, or ill-tempered
shrewd adjective
showing or possessing
intelligence, insight, and sound
judgment, especially in business
or politics
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Despite the fact that
most people thought
that the woman was a
shrew, she had a
reputation for being a
shrewd
businesswoman.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: shrew. Say the word with me: shrew.
The next word of the day is: shrewd. Say the word with me: shrewd.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“On my word, Niece, you never will get a husband and marry if
you are such a shrew with our tongue and are so shrewd with your
wit,” admonished Leonato fondly.
Four hundred years ago women’s rights did not exist.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Two paragraphs – new speaker; narrator aside
• Commas – interjection; direct address; quote; optional
comma after “ago” for introductory adverb
• Quotation marks – dialogue
• Capitalization – “Niece” is used as name
• Parallel construction
• Possessive – plural noun that doesn’t end in “s”
12th Grade
50
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
beatrice responded well i dont plan to marry and my nuptial day
never will arrive and there is no man for me and me and my virtue will
go to heaven as a maid
Word of Definition, Synonym
the Day
nuptial
noun
relating to marriage or
weddings
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The media flocked to get a
glimpse of the celebrity
couple’s nuptials.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: nuptial.
Say the word with me: nuptial.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Beatrice responded, “Well, I don’t plan to marry. My nuptial
day never will arrive. There is no man for me. My virtue and I will go
to Heaven as a maid.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – quote; introductory work
• Quotation marks – dialogue
• Run-on sentence – lack of punctuation and over use of
“and”
• Pronouns – “I” as subject and “me” as object; word order
(put yourself last)
• Italics for emphasis of word
12th Grade
51
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
hero interrupted beatrices monologue to point out that people were
arriving for the masquerade. everyone donned their mask and went
to join the festivities.
Word of
the Day
masquerade
don
Definition, Synonym
noun
a party at which
masks and costumes
are worn, whether an
informal gathering of
friends or a formal ball
verb
to put on
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Masquerade parties are
thrown all over the country
every Halloween.
Attempting to deceive the
Trojans, Patroklas donned
the armor of Achilles, but
the armor was of little use in
battle with the mighty
Hektor.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: masquerade. Say the word with me:
masquerade.
The next word of the day is: donned. Say the word with me: donned.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Hero interrupted Beatrice’s monologue to point out that people
were arriving for the masquerade. Everyone donned a [or his/her]
mask and went to join the festivities.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
•
•
•
•
Paragraph – narrator with subject change
Apostrophe – possessive
Indirect quotation – use of that to avoid quotes
Antecedent/pronoun agreement – “everyone” is singular
and needs a singular pronoun
12th Grade
52
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
the servants had outdone theirselves festoons of garlands hung from
the ceiling, and lace covered tables groaned under the weight of the
food.
Word of
the Day
festoon
Definition, Synonym
noun
decoration; ornament.
garland.
verb
decorate
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
During the holidays our
stairways are lined with
evergreen festoons.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: festoon.
Say the word with me: festoon.
Caught ‘ya! Key
The servants had outdone themselves. Festoons of garlands
hung from the ceiling, and lace-covered tables groaned under the
weight of the food.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – subject change
• Comma – compound sentence
• Reflexive pronoun – use correct form (theirself isn’t a
word)
• Hyphen – two words acting as one adjective
12th Grade
53
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
a throng of townspeople dressed in an array of bright colors each
wearing their mask danced around on the shiny wood floor like dream
dancers swaying to imaginary music. it was a picturesque scene.
Word of
the Day
array
picturesque
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The holiday dinner table
was set with an array of the
finest china and crystal.
noun
collection; selection;
arrangement
adjective
visually very appealing Artists often live in the
or impressive;
picturesque Colorado
seeming fit for a
Rocky Mountains.
painting or photograph
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: array. Say the word with me: array.
The next word of the day is: picturesque. Say the word with me:
picturesque.
Caught ‘ya! Key
A throng of townspeople dressed in a array of bright colors, each
wearing a mask, danced around on the shiny wood floor like dream
dancers swaying to imaginary music. It was a picturesque scene.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• No new paragraph
• Commas – participial phrases
• Articles – “a” before consonants; “an” before vowels or
silent “h’s” as in “an hour”
• Antecedent/pronoun agreement – “throng” is a collective
noun and, therefore, singular; “each” is short for “each
one” and is singular; “their” is plural
12th Grade
54
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
soon the entire crowd were dancing. benedick whom recognized
beatrice danced with her. beatrice however pretended not to discern
him and took advantage of the opportunity to playfully abuse him
farther.
Word of
the Day
discern
Definition, Synonym
verb
1. to see or notice
something that is not
very clear or obvious
2. to understand
something not
immediately obvious
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
It was not difficult to discern
that the man had been
under the influence of some
sort of drug.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: discern.
Say the word with me: discern.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Soon, the entire crowd was dancing. Benedick, who
recognized Beatrice, danced with her. Beatrice, however, pretended
not to discern him and took advantage of the opportunity to playfully
abuse him further.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – action change
• Subject/verb agreement – “crowd” is singular and needs
singular for of verb “was”
• Relative pronouns – who/whom/that (“who” needed here as
subject of “recognized” and “hid”)
• Frequently confused words – farther/further; “farther” is
used only in reference to distance
12th Grade
55
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
benedick winced with pain to hear beatrices verbal assaults he is the
Princes jester she said. his only gift is devising impossible and
odorous slanders but his quips are cleverer than him beatrice ranted.
Word of
the Day
devise
Definition, Synonym
odorous
adjective
scented, stinking
verb
to think something up
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The doctors devised a
treatment plan to help the
football player recover from
his injuries.
We suddenly swerved out of
the path of the odorous
skunk relaxing in the street.
Words of the day:
The word of the day is: devise. Say the word with me: devise.
The next word of the day is: odorous. Say the word with me:
odorous.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Benedick winced with pain to hear Beatrice’s verbal assaults.
“He is the Prince’s jester,” she said. His only gift is devising
impossible and odorous slanders, but his quips are cleverer than
he,” Beatrice ranted.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph when Beatrice speaks
• Quotation marks – dialogue
• Apostrophe – possessives
• Commas – to set off quote; compound sentence
• Pronouns – “he” as subject of verb “to be” (“he is” where
“is” is implied)
12th Grade
56
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
when I descry the gentlemen of whom you speak i will tell him what
you said offered Benedick as they continued to closely dance and
exchange barbs.
Word of
the Day
descry
Definition, Synonym
verb
to see; to catch sight
of something
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The children giggled with
glee, eager to descry Santa
coming down the chimney.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: descry.
Say the word with me: descry.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“When I descry the gentlemen of whom you speak, I will tell
him what you said,” offered Benedick as they continued to dance
closely and to exchange barbs.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New Paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – introductory subordinate clause; quote
• Relative pronouns – who/whom/that/which (“whom”
needed as object of the preposition)
• Parallel construction – “to dance” and “to exchange”
• Splitting infinitives -- (Star Trek was wrong – “To boldly go
. . .” should be “To go boldly . . .”)
12th Grade
57
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
meanwhile claudio danced with hero each gazing into the others
eyes. the two of them wrapped around each other like pigs in a
blanket oinking there beatitudes.
Word of
the Day
beatitude
Definition, Synonym
noun
1. statement of those who
are blessed; in the Bible,
one of the sayings of Jesus
Christ in the Sermon on the
Mount about the eight
groups of people who will
receive blessing in heaven
Matthew 5:3-11
2. extreme happiness and
serenity
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
“Blessed are the poor in
spirit, for theirs is the
kingdom of Heaven” is
the first of the
beatitudes.
On Thanksgiving Day,
many families give
thanks out of sense of
beatitude.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: beatitude. Say the word with me: beatitude.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Meanwhile, Claudio danced with Hero, each gazing into the
other’s eyes. The two of them wrapped around each other like pigs in
a blanket, “oinking” their beatitudes.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – narrator speaking
• Apostrophe – possessive
• Homophone – there/their/they’re
• Quotation marks – using animal sounds as a word
• Note simile and onomatopoeia
• Note transition word – “meanwhile”
12th Grade
58
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
well don john and borachio also were at the masquerade. they are
spreading alot of dissension and deceit instead of dancing.
Word of
the Day
dissension
Definition, Synonym
noun
disagreement or
difference of opinion,
especially when
leading to open
conflict
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The dissension between
the two groups became so
strong that the club had to
disband.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: dissension. Say the word with me: dissension.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Well, Don John and Borachio also were at the masquerade.
They spread a lot of dissension and deceit instead of dancing.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – narrator speaking
• Comma – introductory word
• Common spelling error – “a lot” is two words and should
not be used in formal writing
• Compound subject
12th Grade
59
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
the 2 infamous varlets cornered claudio and pretending to be fooled
by his disguise disseminated there lie that don pedro planned to
marry hero tonight.
Word of
the Day
varlet
Definition, Synonym
disseminate
verb
to distribute or spread
something, especially
information, widely, or
become widespread
noun
rascal
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Tom Sawyer, the
mischievous varlet, tricked
Huck Finn into doing work
for him.
We waited impatiently while
the teacher disseminated
the graded essays to the
students.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: varlet. Say the word with me: varlet.
The next word of the day is: disseminate. Say the word with me:
disseminate.
Caught ‘ya! Key
The two infamous varlets cornered Claudio and, pretending to be
fooled by his disguise, disseminated their lie that Don Pedro planned
to marry Hero that very night.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
•
•
•
•
•
No new paragraph – continuation
Commas – participial phrase as interrupter
Write out numbers under 100
Homophone – there/their/they’re
Incorrect word use -- cannot use “tonight” in a story in the
past tense when the narrator is relating events
12th Grade
60
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
as you can imagine this lie singularly effected poor claudio whom
thought that it was him that was going to wed hero and claudio was
really perturbed.
Word of
the Day
perturb
Definition, Synonym
verb
to disturb and trouble
somebody
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
It was hard for Suzie to
concentrate because the boy
sitting behind her kept
perturbing her with the
incessant tapping of his
pencil.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: perturb.
Say the word with me: perturb.
Caught ‘ya! Key
As you can imagine, this lie singularly affected poor Claudio
who though that it was he who was going to wed Hero. Claudio was
really perturbed.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Paragraph – narrator aside
• Commas – introductory subordinate clause
• Use of second person in aside – narrator is stepping out of
story
• Relative pronouns – “who is needed both times as subject;
never use “that” or “which” to refer to people.
• Run-on sentence – “and” without accompanying comma
• Frequently confused words – effect/affect
• Pronoun – “he” needed here as subject of “was”
• Italics – emphasis of word
12th Grade
61
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
don john on the other hand reveled in his villainy and delighted in
getting revenge and he had know sense of humor and never smiled
when he could frown. what a loser.
Word of
the Day
revel
villainy
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Mary reveled in the
excitement of having been
elected homecoming queen.
verb
to take great pleasure in
something
noun
evil conduct; behavior
Hitler is remembered for
characteristic of an evil or extreme acts of villainy
contemptible person
because of atrocities
committed against Jews.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: revel. Say the word with me: revel.
The next word of the day is: villainy. Say the word with me: villainy.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Don John, on the other hand, reveled in his villainy and delighted in
getting revenge. He had no sense of humor and never smiled when
he could frown. What a loser!
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• No new paragraph
• Commas – interrupter
• Run-on sentence -- “and”
• Homophone – no/know
• Syntax – deliberate use of fragment for narrator aside
• Exclamation in fragment for emphasis
12th Grade
62
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
but wait don john was foiled again. don pedro cleared up claudios
misconception and woe. don pedro assured claudio that hero was
his.
rest easy my friend. i have wooed hero in your name and she is
yours
Word of
the Day
foil
Definition, Synonym
verb
to prevent somebody
from succeeding in
something
misconception noun
mistaken idea
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Our attempts to surprise our
friend were foiled when she
overheard us planning her
party.
For hundreds of years
people were under the
misconception that the
earth was flat.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: foil. Say the word with me: foil.
The next word of the day is: misconception. Say the word with me:
misconception.
Caught ‘ya! Key
But wait! Don John was foiled again. Don Pedro cleared up
Claudio’s misconception and woe. Don Pedro assured Claudio that
Hero was his.
“Rest easy, my friend. I have wooed Hero in your name, and
she is yours.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• Two New paragraphs -- shift in topic and new speaker
• Syntax – Intentional fragment
• Apostrophe – possessive
• Comma – direct address and compound sentence
12th Grade
63
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
leonato heros father added farther take my daughter and with her my
fortune who loves you a lot when you two join in holy matrimony. I
hope that you and she will be very happy and that all ends good
Word of
the Day
matrimony
Definition, Synonym
noun
married state; the
condition of being
married
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Friends of the couple smiled
fondly as they witnessed
their venture into
matrimony.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: matrimony.
Say the word with me: matrimony.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Leonato, Hero’s father, added further, “Take my daughter, who loves
you a lot, and with her my fortune. When you two join in holy
matrimony, I hope that you and she will be very happy and that all
ends well.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – appositive; to set off dialogue; adjective clause
with relative pronoun
• Imperative – subject implied
• Misplaced modifier – “daughter loves a lot” not the fortune
– and the use of “a lot” should be avoided in writing
• Frequently confused words – further/farther
• Pronouns – Use “she” because it is the subject of “will be”
• Adjective vs. Adverb – “Good” is an adjective; “Well” is an
adverb
12th Grade
64
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
as the men conversed further they walked outside into the stunning
moon lit garden The men however were oblivious to its beauty as
they meandered farther down one of the paths lost in conversation
Word of
the Day
oblivious
Definition, Synonym
adjective
unaware of or paying no
attention to somebody or
something
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The students continued to
exchange answers during
the test, oblivious to the
fact that the teacher was
standing right behind them.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: oblivious.
Say the word with me: oblivious.
Caught ‘ya! Key
As the men conversed further, they walked outside into the
stunning, moon-lit garden. The men, however, were oblivious to its
beauty as they meandered farther down one of the paths lost in
conversation.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – narrator again
• Commas – Introductory subordinate clause; participial
phrase; interrupter
• Hyphen – two-word adjective
• Frequently confused words -- further/farther (farther refers
to measurable distance)
12th Grade
65
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
don pedro said that he thought that beatrice was predestined to
marry benedick after all the two could talk of nothing but the other
accept when they were laying asleep in separate beds
Word of
the Day
predestine
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
verb
The students whined when
1. to decide in advance
they discovered that the
what is going to happen
class groupings for the
2. in some religious beliefs, project had already been
to select in advance who
predestined by the
will go to heaven after
teacher.
death and who will not
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: predestine.
Say the word with me: predestine.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Don Pedro said that he thought that Beatrice was predestined to
marry Benedick. After all, the two could talk of nothing but the other
except when they were lying asleep in separate beds.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• No new paragraph – continuation
• Comma – introductory phrase
• Frequently confused words – accept/except
• Irregular Verbs -- lie/lay/has lain/lying and lay/laid/has
laid/laying
12th Grade
66
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
oh my word said Leonato if they being who they are was
married for a week they would prattle themselves mad Lets get the
two of them together with each other he said diabolically.
Word of
the Day
prattle
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
verb
The ladies at the tea party
to talk in a silly, idle, or prattled on and on about
childish way
trivial neighborhood events.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: prattle.
Say the word with me: prattle.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“Oh my word,” said Leonato, “if they, being who they are, were
married for a week, they would prattle themselves mad! Let’s get the
two of them together!” he said diabolically.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – interjection; introductory phrase; interrupted
quote, introductory subordinate clause
• Quotation – continued quote needs no capital letter to
begin continuation
• Verb tense – use of conditional tense after “if” clause
• Exclamation mark – emphasis
• Apostrophe – contraction
• Redundancy -- eliminate redundant words (“with each
other”)
12th Grade
67
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
it would be a herculean labor to bring benedick and beatrice together
in a mountain of affection for each other proffered don pedro. lets do
it. whose with me.
Word of
the Day
proffer
Definition, Synonym
verb
to offer something for
consideration to
somebody
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The company car was
proffered to Elizabeth as
one of perks of her job.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: proffer.
Say the word with me: proffer.
Caught ‘ya! Key
“It would be a Herculean labor to bring Benedick and Beatrice
together in a mountain of affection for each other,” proffered Don
Pedro. “Let’s do it! Who’s with me?”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – new speaker
• Comma – setting off quote
• Apostrophe – contraction
• Punctuation – exclamation point for emphasis; question for
interrogative sentence
• Frequently confused words – who’s, whose
12th Grade
68
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
the three men then debated how too get two young people to realize
their love for each other two young people who abhorred the following
marriage love the opposite sex and anyone whose name began with
aB
Word of
the Day
debate
Definition, Synonym
verb
1. to talk or argue about
something
2. to ponder something
carefully
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The committee members
debated over potential
changes to the dress code.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: debate.
Say the word with me: debate.
Caught ‘ya! Key
The three men then debated how to get two young people to
realize their love for each other, two young people who abhorred the
following: marriage, love, the opposite sex, and anyone whose name
began with a “B.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – narrator
• Commas – repetition, noun series
• Homophone – their/there/they’re; to/two/too
• Colon – to set off long series (a colon is not used before a
verb)
• Frequently confused words – whose/who’s
• Punctuation – quotation marks needed around single
letters (“B”)
12th Grade
69
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
just then hero wandered into the garden to discover the men
conversing with one another. when her father shared the news of her
imminent marriage to Claudio she was elated
Word of
the Day
imminent
Definition, Synonym
adjective
about to happen, or
threatening to happen
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
Citizens were strongly
encouraged to evacuate the
coast when the arrival of the
storm seemed imminent.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: imminent.
Say the word with me: imminent.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Just then, Hero, wandered into the garden to discover the men
conversing with one another. When her father shared the news of
her imminent marriage to Claudio, she was elated.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – subject change
• Commas – introductory adverb; introductory subordinate
clause
12th Grade
70
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
Claudio besotted by Hero beseeched Leonato to hasten there
wedding day. time goes on crutches until loves rites take place. I
cant wait to marry my beautiful comely unrivaled love
Word of
the Day
beseech
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
verb
The defense attorney
to ask earnestly or beg finished his closing
somebody to do
argument by beseeching
something
the jury to find his client
innocent of all charges.
unrivaled
adjective
unequaled
My aunt’s unrivaled cherry
pie always the bake-off
competitions at the
community center.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: beseech.
Say the word with me: beseech.
The next word of the day is: unrivaled.
Say the word with me: unrivaled.
Caught ‘ya! Key
Claudio, besotted by Hero, beseeched Leonato to hasten their
wedding day. “Time goes on crutches until Love’s rites take place. I
can’t wait to marry my beautiful, comely, unrivaled love.”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – participial phrase, adjective series
• Quotation marks – dialogue
• Homophone – their/there/they’re
• Apostrophe – possession and contraction
• Capitalization – love is capitalized, since it is being referred
to as a person
12th Grade
71
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
after being reassured that their marriage was to take place that very
week claudio and hero join the conspiracy in there plot to transform
beatrice and benedick the comical combatants into an amorous
couple.
Word of
the Day
combatant
Definition, Synonym
noun
1. someone taking
part in war
2. someone involved
in an argument or
conflict
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
After the boxers were
introduced to the crowd, the
combatants waited in their
respective corners until the
starting bell rang.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: combatant.
Say the word with me: combatant.
Caught ‘ya! Key
After being reassured that their marriage was to take place that
very week, Claudio and Hero joined the conspiracy in its plot to
transform Beatrice and Benedick, the comical combatants, into an
amorous couple.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – narrator
• Commas – long introductory adverbial phrase;
parenthetical appositive phrase
• Antecedent/pronoun agreement – collective noun-conspiracy/it’s
• Verb tense shift – story is in past tense
12th Grade
72
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
the four conspirators named themselves cupids clan and then the group
covertly hatched their plot. beatrice was to become its first casualty.
Word of
the Day
conspirator
casualty
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
In the movie, Ocean’s Eleven,
conspirators from various
backgrounds plot to rob a casino.
noun
a member of a group of
people planning or agreeing
in secret to commit an illegal
or subversive act
noun
1. somebody who has a fatal Although the roll-over accident
accident or receives a serious seemed horrific, amazingly there
injury
were no casualties.
2. victim
3. injured or dead soldier
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: conspirator. Say the word with me: conspirator.
The next word of the day is: casualty. Say the word with me: casualty.
Caught ‘ya! Key
The four conspirators named themselves “Cupid’s Clan,” and then the group
covertly hatched its plot. Beatrice was to become its first casualty.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph – new topic
• Comma – compound sentence
• Quotation marks around name of group
• Pronoun/Antecedent agreement – “group” singular/”their” plural—
needs to be “its”
• Note allusion
• Apostrophe – possessive
12th Grade
73
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
when they knew that beatrice was eavesdropping hero and her ladies
spoke about Benedick, lauding him and giving him all of the virtues
that Beatrice liked.
Word of
the Day
laud
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
verb
The city planned a parade to
to glorify somebody, or laud the victory of their
praise somebody
team.
highly
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: laud.
Say the word with me: laud.
Caught ‘ya! Key
When they knew that Beatrice was eavesdropping, Hero and her
ladies spoke about Benedick, lauding him and giving him all of the
virtues that Beatrice liked.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• No new paragraph – same topic
• Comma – introductory adverbial phrase, participial phrase
12th Grade
74
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
they also ostentatiously insisted that benedick pined with love for
beatrice. truly hes madly in love with her but I fear that shell scorn
him and break his heart. you know how she is about men. we must
warn him to give up his dream of marrying her
Word of
Definition, Synonym
the Day
ostentatiously adjective
rich and showy;
marked by a vulgar
display of wealth and
success designed to
impress people
pine
verb
to long for somebody
or something,
especially somebody
or something
unattainable
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The Trump Tower in New
York City is adorned
ostentatiously in gold and
marble.
Clark Kent can never seem
to get Lois Lane’s attention
because she’s always
pining away for Superman.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: ostentatiously.
Say the word with me: ostentatiously.
The next word of the day is: pine. Say the word with me: pine.
Caught ‘ya! Key
They also ostentatiously insisted that Benedick pined with love for
Beatrice.
“Truly, he’s madly in love with her, but I fear that she’ll scorn
him and break his heart. You know how she is about men. We must
warn him to give up his dream of marrying her!”
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph to set off dialogue
• Commas – Introductory adverb
• Apostrophe – contractions
• Homophone – break/brake
12th Grade
75
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ‘ya!:
at the same time the men made plans to likewise deceive the
intemperate benedick. when benedick could overhear them they
would loudly extol beatrices virtues and her abiding love for benedick.
Word of
Definition, Synonym
the Day
intemperate adjective
having or showing a lack
of self-control, especially
in expressing feelings or
satisfying physical
desires
extol
verb
to praise somebody or
something with great
enthusiasm and
admiration
Example, Image,
Showing sentence
The intemperate lifestyles
of celebrities frequently lead
to trouble with the law.
Every year the club holds a
celebration banquet to
formally extol the efforts of
its volunteers.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: intemperate. Say the word with me:
intemperate.
The next word of the day is: extol. Say the word with me: extol.
Caught ‘ya! Key
At the same time, the men made plans to likewise deceive the
intemperate Benedick. When Benedick could overhear them, they
would loudly extol Beatrice’s virtues and her abiding love for
Benedick.
Grammar/punctuation highlights:
• New paragraph -- narrator
• Commas – introductory adverbial phrase, introductory
subordinate clause
• Apostrophe – possessive
12th Grade
76
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
among those that i know benedick is not the worstest prospect for a husband
concluded Don Pedro. he is honest and meritorious. beatrice should fall in love
with him and him with her.
Word of
the Day
meritorious
Definition, Synonym
adjective
deserving of honor
and recognition
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Nancy was awarded an
honor for meritorious
service.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: meritorious.
Say the word with me: meritorious.
Caught ya! Key
“Among those whom I know, Benedick is not the worst prospect for a
husband, concluded Don Pedro. “He is honest and meritorious. Beatrice
should fall in love with him and he with her.”
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – new speaker
• Comma – long introductory phrase
• Irregular comparative -- bad/worse/worst
• Relative pronouns – who/whom/whose/whosoever
whomever/that/which (“that and “which” can be subject or
object and are used only with objects and animals; “who”
and “whom” are used with people; “who is subject;
“whom” is object)
• Pronouns – use “he” since “should fall in love with” is
implied
• Frequently confused words -- among/between
12th Grade
77
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
unsuccessful in his first attempt to thwart claudios and heros nuptials don john
don pedros contemptible half brother and his sycophant borachio devised
another scheme.
Word of
the Day
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
contemptible adjective
The contemptible thief
disgraceful, disreputable,
was arrested several
loathsome
times.
noun
The Senator was
sycophant
a fawning flatterer; someone surrounded by
who praises somebody in
sycophants who were
power for personal gain
hoping to get his political
support for their projects.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: contemptible.
Say the word with me: contemptible.
The next word of the day is: sycophant.
Say the word with me: sycophant.
Caught ya! Key
Unsuccessful in his first attempt to thwart Claudio’s and Hero’s nuptials,
Don John, Don Pedro’s contemptible half-brother, and his sycophant Borachio
devised another scheme.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – new topic
• Commas -- long modifier at beginning of sentence;
appositive; no comma before or after Borachio since it is a
restrictive modifier (Don Pedro has several sycophants—
Borachio and Conrade.)
• Possession – singular nouns
• Hyphen – two words acting as one
12th Grade
78
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
borachio badly wanted to impress his boss. he proposed a covert plan. it
seemed that borachio had been dating the girl margaret heros maid. margaret
would do anything borachio asked.
Word of
the Day
covert
Definition, Synonym
adjective
secret; not intended to
be known, seen, or
found out
Example, Image,
showing sentence
The military trains special
forces to complete covert
missions.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: covert.
Say the word with me: covert.
Caught ya! Key
Borachio badly wanted to impress his boss. He proposed a covert plan. It
seemed that Borachio had been dating the girl Margaret, Hero’s maid. Margaret
would do anything Borachio asked.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Comma – appositive
• Possession – singular noun
• Verb tense
12th Grade
79
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
borachio proposed that they take advantage of claudios impetuous tendency to
judge to get riled and to jump to conclusions. because he was young he often
was guilty of not “looking before leaping.”
Word of
the Day
impetuous
Definition, Synonym
adjective
acting impulsively, on the
spur of the moment,
without considering the
consequences.
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Romeo’s tragic flaw is that
he is impetuous,
especially when he kills
Tybalt rather than letting
the Prince deal with him.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: impetuous.
Say the word with me: impetuous.
Caught ya! Key
Borachio proposed that they take advantage of Claudio’s impetuous tendency to
judge, to get riled, and to jump to conclusions. Because he was young, he often
was guilty of not “looking before leaping.”
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Note aphorism – “look before you leap.”
• Commas – infinitive series, introductory dependent clause
12th Grade
80
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!: [Warning! This is one sentence—improperly
punctuated.]
borachios diabolical plan included the following: the night before the wedding,
borachio would romance margaret at heros bedroom window, calling her hero;
don john would ensure that claudio and don pedro witnessed the rendezvous;
claudio and don pedro would think that Hero had cuckolded claudio; and claudio
would call off the wedding.
Word of
the Day
rendezvous
cuckold
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
noun
Deciding to keep the
a meeting arranged for rendezvous with her
an agreed time and
Internet friend, she broke
place
her wedding vows and
noun
made a cuckold of her
man whose wife is
husband.
unfaithful
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: rendezvous.
Say the word with me: rendezvous.
The next word of the day is: cuckold.
Say the word with me: cuckold.
Caught ya! Key
Borachio’s diabolical plan included the following: the night before the
wedding, Borachio would romance Margaret at Hero’s bedroom window, calling
her Hero; Don John would insure that Claudio and Don Pedro witnessed the
rendezvous; Claudio and Don Pedro would think that Hero had cuckolded
Claudio; and Claudio would call off the wedding.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – new subject
• Commas – long introductory adverbial phrase, participial
phrase
• Run-on sentence – no punctuation
• Colon – to set off list of sentences
• Semicolons – use after a colon for clarity in a series
• Apostrophe – singular possessives
• Homophones – ensure/insure
12th Grade
81
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
don john sanctioned borachios plan. i will learn there day of
marriage so that we can put this plan into affect
Word of
the Day
sanction
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
verb
We asked our parents to
to give official
sanction our marriage by
permission or approval giving us their blessing.
for a course of action
The judge imposed
noun
sanctions on the company
penalty imposed for
for violating the pollution
breaking a rule
standards set forth by the
government.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: sanction.
Say the word with me: sanction.
Caught ya! Key
Don John sanctioned Borachio’s plan. “I will learn their day of
marriage so that we can put this plan into effect.”
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New Paragraph – new speaker
• Quotation marks – conversation
• Homophone – their/there/they’re
• Apostrophe – singular possessive
• Frequently confused words – affect/effect
12th Grade
82
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
meanwhile benedick sat on a bench and cogitated on his friends impending
marriage. what folly he thought out loud. claudio is usually a reasonable man. ill
never fall like him. ah i here my friends voices. ill hide in this arbor
Word of Definition, Synonym
the Day
cogitate verb
to think deeply and carefully
about something
arbor
noun
a shaded place formed by the
leaves and branches of trees
and plants that interweave
naturally or are trained to grow
around a trellis
Example, Image,
showing sentence
My father never makes
impulsive decisions; he
frequently cogitates for
hours before he decides
to act.
We planted fast-growing
jasmine this spring,
hoping that it would
cover the arbor before
the end of the year.
Words of the day:
The word of the day is: cogitate.
Say the word with me: cogitate.
The word of the day is: arbor.
Say the word with me: arbor.
Caught ya! Key
Meanwhile, Benedick sat on a bench and cogitated on his friend’s
impending marriage.
“What folly!” he thought out loud. “Claudio is usually a reasonable man.
I’ll never fall as he did. Ah, I hear my friends’ voices. I’ll hide in this arbor.”
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Two new paragraphs – topic shift, new speaker
• Commas – two introductory adverbs (one a phrase);
interjection (“Ah”)
• Quotation marks -- think aloud
• Apostrophe – singular possessive and contraction
• Pronouns – “him” used in normative case – “he did” is
implied
• Like vs. as – “like” is only used in direct comparison of two
nouns
12th Grade
83
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
what transpired then was a masterpiece of theater a dialogue worthy of
Shakespeare
Word of
the Day
transpire
Definition, Synonym
verb
happen
Example, Image,
showing sentence
What transpired after they
left remains a secret.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: transpire.
Say the word with me: transpire.
Caught ya! Key
What transpired then was a masterpiece of theater, a dialogue worthy of
Shakespeare.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – narrator speaking
• Comma – appositive
12th Grade
84
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
don pedro leonato and claudio clandestinely followed benedick to the park and
seeing him hide in a nearby arbor winked at each other and began there
discourse.
Word of
the Day
clandestinely
discourse
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
adverb
Because their parents
secretly
objected to their
relationship, the young
couple met clandestinely at
the mall.
noun
College professors require
a serious conversation students to use academic
or piece of writing
discourse in their writing,
rather than slang.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: clandestinely.
Say the word with me: clandestinely.
The next word of the day is: discourse.
Say the word with me: discourse.
Caught ya! Key
Don Pedro, Leonato, and Claudio clandestinely followed Benedick to the
park and, seeing him hide in a nearby arbor, winked at each other and began
their discourse.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – new subject
• Commas – noun series; participial phrase modifying
Claudio
• Homophone – their/there/they’re
• Possessive pronouns – my, you, his, her, its, our, their
• Compound verb
12th Grade
85
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
don pedro wasted no time. didnt you tell me leonato that your outspoken niece
beatrice is in love with benedick yes my friend. im so glad that she dotes on
Benedick a man whom to outward appearances she seems to abhor
Word of
the Day
dote
abhor
Definition, Synonym
verb
to show extreme fondness
for somebody
verb
to hate or detest
something
Example, Image,
showing sentence
When they were dating, he
doted on her incessantly,
but after they broke up, he
abhorred her.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: dote.
Say the word with me: dote.
The next word of the day is: abhor.
Say the word with me: abhor.
Caught ya! Key
Don Pedro wasted no time. “Didn’t you tell me, Leonato, that your
outspoken niece, Beatrice, is in love with Benedick?”
“Yes, my friend. I’m so glad that she dotes on Benedick, a man whom, to
outward appearances, she seems to abhor.”
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Two paragraphs – two speakers
• Commas – direct address; appositive; introductory word
and direct address; appositive; aside as interrupter (“to
outward”)
• Quotation
• Contractions
• Homophone – your/you’re
• Relative pronouns – “who” is subject; “whom” is object
12th Grade
86
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
leonato continues beatrice loves him with an enraged affection. maybe she only
counterfeits her passion suggested don pedro with a grin. how do you know
this
Word of
the Day
counterfeit
Definition, Synonym
verb
to pretend in order to
deceive somebody
Example, Image,
showing sentence
He counterfeited affection
for his elderly aunt, hoping
she would remember him in
her will.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: counterfeit.
Say the word with me: counterfeit.
Caught ya! Key
Leonato continued, “Beatrice loves him with an enraged affection.”
“Maybe she only counterfeits her passion,” suggested Don Pedro with a
grin. “How do you know this?”
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Two paragraphs – two speakers
• Commas – dialogue
• Incorrect verb tense shift – story is in past tense
12th Grade
87
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
why my chaste daughter hero confided in me leonato answered. hero says that
beatrice rises 20 times a night sets there in her nightgown and writes the words
benedick and beatrice over and over on a peace of paper
Word of
the Day
chaste
Definition, Synonym
adjective
behaving in a pure
way with no immoral
thoughts.
Example, Image,
showing sentence
The heroine of the romantic
novel lives a chaste,
uneventful life and marries a
rich banker.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: chaste.
Say the word with me: chaste.
Caught ya! Key
“Why, my chaste daughter, Hero, confided in me,” Leonato answered.
“Hero says that Beatrice rises twenty times a night, sits there in her nightgown,
and writes the words, ‘Benedick and Beatrice’ over and over on a piece of
paper.”
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – interjection; appositive; quote; verb series
• Quotation marks – dialogue
• Irregular verbs – rise/rose/has risen, raise/raised/has
raised, sit/sat/has sat, and set/set/has set
• Numbers – write out to 100
• Punctuation – quote within a quote
• Homophone – piece/peace
12th Grade
88
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
the conspirators went on and on in such a vain talking about beatrices love for
benedick and periodically checking surreptitiously to make sure that Benedick
was still listening.
Word of
Definition, Synonym
the Day
surreptitiously adverb
in a concealed or
underhanded way to
escape notice,
especially disapproval.
Example, Image,
showing sentence
The boy surreptitiously
swiped two home-made
cookies without his mother
noticing.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: surreptitiously.
Say the word with me: surreptitiously.
Caught ya! Key
The conspirators went on and on in such a vein, talking about Beatrice’s
“love” for Benedick and periodically checking surreptitiously to make sure that
Benedick was still listening.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – narrator
• Commas – participial phrase
• Possession – singular noun
• Punctuation – quotation marks needed around supposed
falsehood
• Homophone – vein/vain
12th Grade
89
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
they concluded their charade by deciding not to tell benedick of beatrices
supposed love because he would mock her. Benedick herd it all and bought his
friends act hook line and soliloquy
Word of
the Day
soliloquy
Definition, Synonym
noun
the act of speaking while
alone, especially when
used as a theatrical device
that allows a character's
thoughts and ideas to be
conveyed to the audience
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Hamlet thinks through the
prospects of ending his
troubles with suicide in the
famous soliloquy which
begins, “To be, or not to be,
that is the question”
(Hamlet II.3.62).
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: soliloquy.
Say the word with me: soliloquy.
Caught ya! Key
They concluded their charade by “deciding” not to tell Benedick of Beatrice’s
supposed love because he would mock her. Benedick heard it all and bought his
friends’ act hook, line, and soliloquy.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Commas – noun series
• Possessive pronouns – my, you, his, her, its, our, their
• Homophones – their/there/they’re; heard/herd
• Punctuation – use of quotation marks to mark falsehood
• Apostrophe – singular and plural possessives
12th Grade
90
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
suddenly he saw beatrice in a new light. she is quick with badinage and humor
and she is beautiful. when i said i would die a bachelor i did not consider her.
Word of
the Day
badinage
Definition, Synonym
noun
playful talk, banter
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Lunchtime was the best part
of the day because students
could engage in innocent
badinage with their friends.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: badinage.
Say the word with me: badinage.
Caught ya! Key
Suddenly Benedick saw Beatrice in a new light. “She is quick with
badinage and humor, and she is beautiful. When I said I would die a bachelor, I
did not consider Beatrice.”
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – compound sentence, introductory subordinate
clause
• Quotation marks – think aloud
• Pronoun confusion – use specific nouns
12th Grade
91
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
when a few minutes later she came to call him in to dinner he interpreted
everything she said and did as a portent of her love.
Word of
the Day
portent
Definition, Synonym
noun
1. omen
2. a sign;
significance
Example, Image,
showing sentence
The sound of thunder in the
film was a portent of the
horror to follow.
After his bout with kidney
stones, every little pain
became a portent of
another painful experience.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: portent.
Say the word with me: portent.
Caught ya! Key
When, a few minutes later, Beatrice came to call Benedick in to dinner,
Benedick interpreted everything Beatrice said and did as a portent of her love.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – time change
• Commas – separate two adverbs and at the end of second
adverb; introductory subordinate clause
• Pronouns – use proper nouns for clarity
12th Grade
92
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
that very evening hero a gentlewoman named ursula and margaret heros maid
(the one who was in cahoots with borachio) lured beatrice into the garden
Word of
the Day
“in cahoots with”
Definition,
Synonym
adjective
collaborating with
someone, especially
with the intention of
conspiring against
someone else
Example, Image,
showing sentence
The politician’s opponents
accused him of being in
cahoots with members of
organized crime.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: “in cahoots with”
Say the word with me: “in cahoots with”
Caught ya! Key
That very evening, Hero, a gentlewoman named Ursula, and Margaret,
Hero’s maid (the one who was in cahoots with Borachio) lured Beatrice into the
garden.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – time change
• Commas – introductory adverb (optional); noun series
• Punctuation – parentheses or dashes needed to denote
narrator clarification
12th Grade
93
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
in a few minutes the ladys arrived outside. when beatrice heard her
friends voices she hid in the bracken
Word of
the Day
bracken
Definition, Synonym
noun
a large fern
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Although the bracken is
beautiful, it is poisonous to
livestock.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: bracken.
Say the word with me: bracken.
Caught ya! Key
In a few minutes, the ladies arrived outside. When Beatrice heard
her friends’ voices, she hid in the bracken.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Commas – introductory adverb (optional); introductory
subordinate clause
• Spelling – change the “y” to “I” and add suffix
• Homophone – hear/herd
• Apostrophe – plural possessive
12th Grade
94
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
as beatrice listened from her hiding place hero embroidered a tale about
benedicks passion for beatrice. he is wasting away from his love for beatrice she
avowed
Word of
the Day
avow
Definition, Synonym
verb
to affirm; to state that
something is true.
Example, Image,
showing sentence
The new mayor avowed
that he would make the city
safe and crime-free.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: avow.
Say the word with me: avow.
Caught ya! Key
As Beatrice listened from her hiding place, Hero embroidered a tale about
Benedick’s passion for Beatrice.
“He is wasting away from his love for Beatrice,” she avowed.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – new speaker
• Commas – introductory subordinate clause; quote
• Quotation marks – conversation
• Apostrophe – possessive singular noun
12th Grade
95
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!: [same speaker continues]
benedick is consumed with sighs. he is so noble young and handsome. beatrice
would make fun of him if she knew of his ardor hero continued occasionally
glancing at the bracken beatrice was hiding behind
Word of
the Day
ardor
Definition, Synonym
noun
intense emotion; great
passion; love
Example, Image,
showing sentence
The groom smiled with
ardor as his bride began
her slow walk down the
aisle.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: ardor.
Say the word with me: ardor.
Caught ya! Key
“Benedick is consumed with sighs. He is so noble, young, and handsome.
Beatrice would make fun of him if she knew of his ardor,” Hero continued,
occasionally glancing at the bracken behind which Beatrice was hiding.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• No new paragraph – same speaker
• Commas – adjective series; quote; participial phrase
• Preposition placement – Avoid ending sentences with
prepositions if at all possible.
12th Grade
96
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
hero and her ladies talked of how kind nature had been to benedick how fair
were his features how witty he was how honest valorous and gentlemanly he
was and how he really adored Beatrice.
Word of
the Day
valorous
Definition, Synonym
adjective
brave; having or
showing courage,
especially in war or
battle
Example, Image,
showing sentence
The valorous veteran
received a Purple Heart
medal because he was hurt
trying to save his fellow
troops.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: valorous.
Say the word with me: valorous.
Caught ya! Key
Hero and her ladies talked of how kind Nature had been to Benedick; how fair
were his features; how witty he was; how honest, valorous, and gentlemanly he
was; and how he really adored Beatrice.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – narrator
• Commas – adjective series
• Capitalization – “nature” needs capital “N” since it’s used
as a person
• Colons and Semicolons in list – Never put a colon after a
verb; use semicolons lists where a lot of commas makes
the meaning unclear.
12th Grade
97
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
hero and her ladys than exited the garden prattling about heros and claudios
wedding a event that was scheduled to occur tomorrow
Word of
the Day
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
prattle, prattling Verb
The toddler prattled for
to talk in a silly, idle, or hours, although no one
childish way
understood what she was
saying.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: prattling.
Say the word with me: prattling.
Caught ya! Key
Hero and her ladies then exited the garden, prattling about Hero’s and Claudio’s
wedding, an event that was scheduled to occur the following day.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Commas – participial phrase as interrupter; appositive
• Plural rule – Singular nouns ending with consonants
followed by a “y” drop the “y” and add “ies”
• Apostrophe – possessive singular nouns
• Indefinite articles – Use of “an” with nouns that begin with
a vowel or silent “h” as in “an hour”
• Incorrect use of “tomorrow” in a story that takes place in
the past tense
12th Grade
98
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
beatrice who should have known better had fallen for the ruse her friends clever
cerebrums had devised. ah Benedick love on. I will return your love and my
wild untamed heart will be tamed to your loving hand
Word of
the Day
ruse
cerebrum
Definition, Synonym
Noun
a clever trick or plot used
to deceive others
noun
the front of the brain
where reasoning,
learning, sensory
perception, and
emotional responses take
place
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Mary came up with a clever
ruse to meet her boyfriend
without her parents finding
out.
Because he was not
wearing a seatbelt, he hit his
head in the car accident and
damaged his cerebrum.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: ruse.
Say the word with me: ruse.
The second word of the day is: cerebrum.
Say the word with me: cerebrum.
Caught ya! Key
Beatrice, who should have known better, had fallen for the ruse her
friends’ clever cerebrums had devised. “Ah Benedick, love on. I will return you
love, and my wild, untamed heart will be tamed to your loving hand.”
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – new person speaking
• Commas – adjective clause with a relative pronoun
(“who”); interjection; direct address; compound sentence’
adjective series
• Apostrophe –possessive plural noun
12th Grade
99
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
meanwhile benedick was really pining away for beatrice although he asserted
that a toothache distressed him
Word of
the Day
assert
Definition, Synonym
Verb
to state something as
being true
Example, Image,
showing sentence
George asserted that he
had never seen the suspect
before.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: assert.
Say the word with me: assert.
Caught ya! Key
Meanwhile, Benedick really was pining away for Beatrice although he
asserted that a toothache distressed him.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – place change
• Commas – optional comma after introductory adverb;
subordinate clause in the predicate needs the comma
• Italics – emphasis
• Avoid splitting verbs
12th Grade
100
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
benedicks friends taunted him about being in love. they were as roguish as him.
if hero and margaret have done their parts with beatrice then the two bears will
not bite one another when they meet observed claudio quietly to
don pedro.
Word of
the Day
roguish
Definition,
Synonym
adjective
dishonest or
unscrupulous;
mischievous
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Despite his roguish behavior,
women flocked to him.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: roguish.
Say the word with me: roguish.
Caught ya! Key
Benedick’s friends taunted him about being in love. They were as roguish as
he.
“If Hero and Margaret have done their parts with Beatrice, then the two
bears will not bite one another when they meet,” observed Claudio quietly to
Don Pedro.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph when Claudio speaks
• Commas -- introductory subordinate clause; quote
• Quotation marks – dialogue
• Apostrophe – possessive singular noun
• Pronouns – need nominative case “he” since the verb “is”
has been implied (“as roguish as he is . . .)
• Frequently confused words – “then” and “than” (“Then” is
an adverb, and “than” is a conjunction used to compare.”
12th Grade
101
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
just as benedick summoned the courage to speak to leonato about his niece’
hand in marriage the malicious don john appeared with an insidious lie about
poor innocent hero.
Word of
the Day
insidious
Definition, Synonym
adjective
slowly and subtly harmful or
destructive
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Cancer, an insidious disease,
can often go undetected until it’s
too late to effectively treat it.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: insidious.
Say the word with me: insidious.
Caught ya! Key
Just as Benedick summoned the courage to speak to Leonato about his niece’s
hand in marriage, the malicious Don John appeared with an insidious lie about
poor, innocent Hero.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – time change
• Commas – introductory subordinate clause; two
consecutive adjectives
• Apostrophe – singular possessive
12th Grade
102
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
don john prevaricated i tell you shes unfaithful. if you dont believe me come
tonight under her chamber window and you will see for yourself that no woman is
more dishonest than her
Word of
Definition, Synonym
the Day
prevaricate verb
to lie; to avoid giving a direct
and honest answer or opinion,
or a clear and truthful account
of a situation, especially by
quibbling or being deliberately
ambiguous or misleading
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Because he prevaricated often,
he developed a reputation for
being dishonest and
untrustworthy.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: prevaricate.
Say the word with me: prevaricate.
Caught ya! Key
Don John prevaricated, “I tell you she’s unfaithful! If you don’t believe
me, come tonight under her chamber window, and you will see for yourself that
no woman is more dishonest than she.”
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Commas – quote, introductory subordinate clause,
compound/complex sentence
• Apostrophes – contractions
• Quotation marks -- dialogue
12th Grade
103
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
the distressed claudio accompanied con john to test his beloveds fidelity. what
claudio thought he saw from his hiding place that night convinced him of her
culpability however. The callow fool never even questioned don johns motives
Word of
the Day
fidelity
callow
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
noun
loyalty; romantic faithfulness
adjective
young or immature; lacking the
experience of life that comes with
adulthood
My parents have shown their
fidelity to each other for over
fifty years.
The callow adolescent didn’t
foresee the consequences of his
behavior.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: fidelity.
Say the word with me: fidelity.
The next word of the day is: callow.
Say the word with me: callow.
Caught ya! Key
The distressed Claudio accompanied Don John to test his beloved’s
fidelity. What Claudio thought he saw from his hiding place that night convinced
him of her culpability, however. The callow fool never even questioned Don
John’s motives.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Apostrophes – singular possessives
• Comma – conjunctive adverb
• Noun phrase used as subject of sentence: “What Claudio
thought he saw . . .”
12th Grade
104
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
the following day while hero teased her friend beatrice and innocently got ready
for her wedding borachio and bonrade don johns evil henchmen celebrated the
success of their nefarious plan. claudio had believed the lie and had mistaken
margaret for his fiancé.
Word of
the Day
nefarious
Definition, Synonym
adjective
immoral or wicked, evil,
disreputable
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Hinkely’s nefarious plot to kill
the president was unsuccessful.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: nefarious.
Say the word with me: nefarious.
Caught ya! Key
The following day, while Hero teased her friend Beatrice and innocently got ready
for her wedding, Borachio and Conrade, Don John’s evil henchmen, celebrated
the success of their nefarious plan. Claudio had believed the lie and had
mistaken Margaret for his fiancé.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – time change
• Commas – introductory adverbial phrase, subordinate
adverbial clause, appositive phrase
• Apostrophe – singular possessive
12th Grade
105
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
at the church the wedding ended before it began when the friar asked claudio do
you come hear to marry this lady. no answered claudio simply and candidly.
Word of
the Day
candidly
Definition, Synonym
adverb
speaking honestly or
directly in a way that
people find either
refreshing or distasteful
Example, Image,
showing sentence
The candidate surprised the
reports with a candid admission
of her mistake.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: candidly.
Say the word with me: candidly.
Caught ya! Key
At the church, the wedding ended before it began when the friar asked
Claudio, “Do you come here to marry this lady?”
“No,” answered Claudio simply and candidly.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Two paragraphs – two speakers
• Commas – introductory prepositional phrase, quotes,
introductory word (“No”)
• Punctuation – question mark
• Homophone – hear/here
12th Grade
106
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
at that point all perdition broke loose claudio denounced hero. leonato take her
back do not give this rotten orange to a friend she has not been faithful to me
claudio expounded
Word of
the Day
expound
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
verb
to give a detailed description
and explanation of a theory or
viewpoint or an explanation
After several hours, some of the
jury members started to doze off
when the expert witness
continued to expound on
seemingly meaningless details of
the case.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: expound.
Say the word with me: expound.
Caught ya! Key
At that point, all perdition broke loose. Claudio denounced Hero.
“Leonato, take her back! Do not give this rotten orange to a friend! She
has not been faithful to me,” Claudio expounded.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Two paragraphs – narrator and Claudio speaking
• Commas – optional comma after introductory adverb;
direct address, quote
• Run-on sentence – lack of punctuation
12th Grade
107
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
at first leonato was incredulous. his daughter never would be unfaithful. finally
claudio don pedro and the incorrigible liar don john convinced him otherwise
leonato thought bad of his own daughter.
Word of
the Day
incredulous
incorrigible
Definition, Synonym
adjective
unable or unwilling to believe
something or completely
unconvinced by it
adjective
impossible or very difficult to
correct or reform
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Charlie was incredulous
when he received his
acceptance letter from
Harvard.
When it comes to play
practical jokes, my cousin is
incorrigible.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: incredulous.
Say the word with me: incredulous.
The next word of the day is: incorrigible.
Say the word with me: incorrigible.
Caught ya! Key
At first Leonato was incredulous. His daughter never would be unfaithful.
Finally Claudio, Don Pedro and the incorrigible liar, Don John, convinced him
otherwise; Leonato thought badly of his own daughter.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – narrator
• Commas – noun series, appositive
• Semi-colon – use in compound sentence
• Italics (or underline) use for emphasis
• Adjective vs. Adverb – badly is adverb; bad is adjective
12th Grade
108
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
although hero protested her innocence none of the men accept the friar believed
her. when her perturbed father wished to be dead rather than have such a
dishonorable daughter hero swooned like she was dead and laid pale on the
floor.
Word of
the Day
swoon
Definition, Synonym
verb
to feel faint; to be
overwhelmed by
happiness, excitement,
adoration, or infatuation
Example, Image,
showing sentence
The rock star was so handsome
that women in the audience
sometimes would swoon as he
performed.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: swoon.
Say the word with me: swoon.
Caught ya! Key
Although Hero protested her innocence, none of the men except the friar
believed her. When her perturbed father wished to be dead rather than have
such a “dishonorable” daughter, Hero swooned as if she were dead and lay pale
on the floor.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Commas – introductory subordinate clause of both
sentences
• Frequently confused words – accept/except
• Quotation marks – denoting falsehood
• Like vs. as
• Irregular verbs – lie/lay/has lain/lying and lay/laid/has
laid/laying
12th Grade
109
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
don john don pedro and claudio left the church thinking between themselves that
hero had passed away instead of fainting from the shock at being found out in
her apparent perfidy
Word of
the Day
perfidy
Definition, Synonym
noun
deliberate treachery
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Jack was eventually prosecuted
for his perfidy in selling
government documents to
foreign countries.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: perfidy.
Say the word with me: perfidy.
Caught ya! Key
Don John, Don Pedro, and Claudio left the church, thinking among themselves
that Hero had passed away instead of fainting from the shock at being found out
in her apparent perfidy.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Commas – noun series; participial phrase
• Frequently confused prepositions – among/between
12th Grade
110
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
the friar whom was convinced of heros innocence prevailed upon leonato not to
be so harsh with his daughter. the noble man of the cloth was certain that heros
demeanor was that of an innocent who had been unjustly accused.
Word of
the Day
Definition, Synonym
prevail
verb
to prove to be stronger and in the
position of greater influence and
power
demeanor noun
somebody's behavior, manner, or
appearance, especially as it
reflects on character
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Achilles prevailed over Hector in
their face-off at Troy.
Judging from her demeanor, I’d
say Mary is very uncomfortable
being here.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: prevail.
Say the word with me: prevail.
The next word of the day is: demeanor.
Say the word with me: demeanor.
Caught ya! Key
The friar, who was convinced of Hero’s innocence, prevailed upon Leonato not
to be so harsh with his daughter. The noble man of the cloth was certain that
Hero’s demeanor was that of an innocent who had been unjustly accused.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – subject change
• Commas – subordinate clause with relative pronoun
• Relative pronoun – “who” needed as nominative in both
cases
12th Grade
111
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
the sage friar suggested lets let it be known that hero died. lets mourn and
lament. keep hero hidden in youre house and let noone know that she lives. to
hero he said come die lady to live. have patience. your wedding day is but
postponed
Word of
the Day
lament
Definition, Synonym
verb
to express grief or sorrow
about something
Example, Image,
showing sentence
John lamented his decision to
withdraw from college when his
friends with degrees secured
better jobs than he did.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: lament.
Say the word with me: lament.
Caught ya! Key
The sage friar suggested, “Let’s let it be known that Hero died. Let’s
mourn and lament. Keep Hero hidden in your house and let no one know that
she lives.” To Hero he said, “Come die, lady, to live. Have patience. Your
wedding day is but postponed.”
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – speaker
• Commas – quotes, direct address
• Quotation marks – dialogue
• Apostrophes – contractions
• Homophone – your/you’re
• Commonly misspelled word – no one is two words
12th Grade
112
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
beatrice and benedick were left alone in the church. there former animosity
gone they avowed there love for each other. come ask me to do anything for you
my love offered benedick. kill claudio beatrice succinctly replied
Word of
the Day
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
If progress is to be made,
members of political parties need
lay aside their feelings of
animosity and work together.
animosity
noun
a feeling or spirit of
hostility and resentment
succinctly
adverb
expressed with brevity
The coach succinctly laid out
and clarity, with no wasted the game plan and then headed
words
out onto the football field.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: animosity.
Say the word with me: animosity.
The next word of the day is: succinctly.
Say the word with me: succinctly.
Caught ya! Key
Beatrice and Benedick were left alone in the church. Their former
animosity gone, they avowed their love for each other.
“Come, ask me to do anything for you, my love,” offered Benedick.
“Kill Claudio!” Beatrice succinctly replied.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Three new paragraphs – narrator then dialogue
• Commas -- introductory phrase; two commands together
with no coordinating conjunction; direct address; quote
• Homophone -- there/their/they’re
• Exclamation point -- to indicate passion of statement
12th Grade
113
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
i will challenge him i will kiss your hand and than I will leave you i promise that
claudio will atone for his repudiation of your cousin benedick promised.
Word of
the Day
atone
repudiation
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
verb
to make reparation for a sin or
a mistake
noun
Formal and strong disapproval
and renouncement of any
connection with something
Nothing the murderer could say
to the victim’s family would atone
for his crime.
The governor issued a formal
letter of repudiation
reprimanding the district attorney
for his poor decisions.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: atone.
Say the word with me: atone.
The next word of the day is: repudiation.
Say the word with me: repudiation.
Caught ya! Key
“I will challenge him. I will kiss your hand, and then I will leave you. I
promise that Claudio will atone for his repudiation of your cousin,” Benedick
promised.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – dialogue continued
• Commas – compound sentence; quote
• Run-on sentence – lack of punctuation
• Frequently confused words – than/ then
12th Grade
114
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
fortunately, the friars counterplot worked. everyone believed that hero had “died
of shame.” in the meantime the local watchmen had overheard borachio and
conrade confess to having slandered hero and thus arrested the villains for
treachery.
Word of
the Day
slander
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
verb
saying something false or
malicious that damages
somebody's reputation
The movie star successfully sued
the tabloid paper for slandering
her good name by printing an
article that defamed her
character.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: slander.
Say the word with me: slander.
Caught ya! Key
Fortunately, the friar’s counterplot worked. Everyone believed that Hero
had “died of shame.” In the meantime, the local watchmen had overheard
Borachio and Conrade confess to having slandered Hero and thus arrested the
villains for treachery.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – new subject
• Commas – Introductory word and adverbial phrase
• Quotation marks denoting falsehood
12th Grade
115
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
benedick was choleric because he believed that claudio with his impulsive and
public rejection of Hero had disrespected for the lady. you have killed a very
sweet lady and her death shall be on your conscience he lied.
Word of
the Day
choleric
Definition, Synonym
adjective
showing or tending to
show anger or irritation
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Bob’s choleric temperament
interferes with his performance
on the job and has cost him more
than one promotion.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: choleric.
Say the word with me: choleric.
Caught ya! Key
Benedick was choleric because he believed that Claudio, with his impulsive and
public rejection of Hero, had shown disrespect for the lady.
“You have killed a very sweet lady, and her death shall be on your
conscience,” he lied.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• Paragraphing -- Continuation of previous paragraph; new
paragraph for speaker
• Commas -- adjective phrase; compound sentence; quote
• Quotation marks – dialogue
• Confused part of speech – “disrespect” is a noun not a
verb in standard English
12th Grade
116
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
the watchmen forced borachio to confess to don pedro of how don pedros own
half brother don john provoked him to slander lady hero
Word of
the Day
provoke
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
verb
to bring something about
intentionally; to serve as
the stimulus for an activity
The new novel should provoke a
great deal of discussion.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: provoke.
Say the word with me: provoke.
Caught ya! Key
The watchmen forced Borachio to confess to Don Pedro of how Don
Pedro’s own half-brother, Don John, provoked him to slander Lady Hero.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – shift back to narrator
• Commas – appositive
• Apostrophe – singular possessive
• Hyphen – two words acting as one
12th Grade
117
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
needless to say don pedro was shocked. claudio was wracked with a plethora
of guilt for not believing hero. leonato blamed claudio for his daughters death
and offered him an opportunity to make amends by excepting his niece as a
bride. claudio stunned agreed.
Word of
the Day
wracked
Definition, Synonym
verb
to suffer great mental or
physical pain
Example, Image,
showing sentence
Bill was wracked with pain over
the end of his longtime
relationship with Sally.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: wracked.
Say the word with me: wracked.
Caught ya! Key
Needless to say, Don Pedro was shocked. Claudio was wracked with a
plethora of guilt for not believing Hero. Leonato blamed Claudio for his
daughter’s “death” and offered him an opportunity to make amends by accepting
his “niece” as a bride. Claudio, stunned, agreed.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – subject change
• Commas – introductory phrase; participle
• Apostrophe – singular possessive
• Quotation marks – denoting falsehood
• Frequently confused words – accept/except
12th Grade
118
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
later at the church claudio and don pedro paid there respects at heros tomb.
claudio lay flowers read a poem and promised to return each year to pay
homage to the woman whom he had defamed.
Word of
the Day
homage
defame
Definition, Synonym
Example, Image,
showing sentence
noun
a show of reverence and
respect toward somebody
verb
to attack somebody or
somebody's reputation,
character, or good name by
making slanderous or libelous
statements
Cheering citizens lined the
streets of London and threw
flowers in homage to Queen
Elizabeth.
False accusations by
unscrupulous men have
defamed the reputations of many
fair ladies.
Words of the day:
The first word of the day is: homage.
Say the word with me: homage.
The next word of the day is: defame.
Say the word with me: defame.
Caught ya! Key
Later, at the church, Claudio and Don Pedro paid their respects at Hero’s
“tomb.” Claudio laid flowers, read a poem, and promised to return each year to
pay homage to the woman whom he had defamed.
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – time change
• Commas – introductory adverbs in first sentence; verb
series
• Homophone – there/their/they’re
• Irregular verbs – lie/lay/has lain/lying and lay/laid/has
laid/laying
• Apostrophe – singular possessive
• Quotation marks – denoting falsehood
• Relative pronoun – objective case (“whom”) must be used
12th Grade
119
Vocabulary/Grammar Warm-up
Caught ya!:
that same day at the designated hour leonato arrived at the church with two
shrouded ladies. who was the unknown niece. would claudio keep his promise.
was one of the masked ladies hero. did hero still want the fickle claudio. will
beatrice and benedick get together at last. will don john get his just deserts. you
will have to see shakespeares much ado about nothing to find out the end of this
tail of love and trickery
Word of
the Day
shroud
Definition, Synonym
verb
to cover or conceal
somebody or something
Example, Image,
showing sentence
The ship was shrouded in
clouds of steam and gray smoke.
Word of the day:
The word of the day is: shrouded.
Say the word with me: shrouded.
Caught ya! Key
That same day, at the designated hour, Leonato arrived at the church with
two shrouded ladies. Who was the unknown niece? Would Claudio keep his
promise? Was one of the masked ladies Hero? Did Hero still want the fickle
Claudio? Will Beatrice and Benedick get together at last? Will Don John get his
just deserts? You will have to see Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing to
find out the end of this tale of love and trickery!
Grammar/punctuation rules:
• New paragraph – shift of time and place
• Commas – long introductory adverb; prepositional phrase
• Question marks
• Names of plays in italics
• Apostrophe – singular possessive
• Homophone – tail/tale