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c.9000BCE – Earliest permanent settlements emerge in Western Asia c.8000-6000 – Neolithic fortified cities of Jericho and Catal Huyuk appear 5000 – Earliest evidence of culture in Mesopotamia 3500 – Sumerian civilization emerges First wheeled transport 3300 – Writing begins to develop – pictographs and cuneiform 3000 – Priest-kings begin to appear Numerical system developed in Sumeria (based on 60) ceramic pottery, metallurgy and textiles cylinder seals become common 2700 – ‘Flood!’ 2600 – King List 2550 – Standard of Ur 2500 – Sumerian schools 2350 – Sargon unites Mesopotamia under Akkadian Empire – introduces Semitic influence 2250 – Barbarians (“Vipers from the Hills”) destroy Sargon’s Empire 2000 – Amorites/Old Babylonians take over in Mesopotamia 1800 – Abraham leaves Ur and begins to wander Hammurabi consolidates an empire under Babylon 1750 – Hammurabi introduces his code 1700 – War chariot adopted from the Kassites 1600 – Hittites take over Babylon 1525 – Telipinus introduces Law of Succession 1500 – Rise of Mycenaeans 1450 – Thera explodes 1375 – Minoan civilization finished (Knossos done) 1269 – Treaty of Peace and Alliance – Hittites and Egyptians 1250 – Height of Mycenaeans 1100-800 – Dark Ages 800 – Archaic Age begins 1200 – Hittite Empire falls during time of universal disorder in the Medit. 900 Four villages form Sparta 750 – Homer active 750 – Spartans take over Laconian Plain 750 – Assyria rises 725 – First Messenian War First Constitutional Crisis 660 – Battle of Hysiae 650 – Second Messenian War 625 – Turning Point in Spartan history 612 – Nineveh falls to Babylon and Medes 600 – Second Constitutional Crisis 559 – Cyrus rules 556 – Cyrus defeats Medes 550 – Sparta defeats Tegea and Argos 546 – Cyrus defeats Lydia 539 – Cyrus defeats Babylonians 529 – Cambyses rules 521 – Darius rules, reorganizes Persian Empire 490 – Battle of Marathon 486 – Darius dies, Xerxes takes over 480 – Battle of Thermopylae, Artemisum, Salamis 1920s – Leonard Woolley discovers tombs of Ur
