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Topic:HistoricalDocuments SomedocumentsinAmericanhistoryhave considerableimportanceforthedevelopment ofthena;on.Studentsusehistoricalthinking toexaminekeydocumentswhichformthe basisfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica. HistoricalDocument#2:The NorthwestOrdinance ContentStatement:TheNorthwestOrdinance addressedaneedforgovernmentintheNorthwest Territoryandestablishedprecedentsforthefuture governingoftheUnitedStates. Expecta;onsforLearning:ShowhowtheNorthwest Ordinance,inprovidinggovernmentforthe NorthwestTerritory,establishedaprecedentfor governingtheUnitedStates. HistoricalDocument#2: NorthwestOrdinance ContentElabora;ons:AsOhiocountryseJlementprogressedintheConnec;cutWestern ReserveandtheVirginiaMilitaryDistrict,andwiththeenactmentoftheLandOrdinanceof 1785,theCongressoftheUnitedStatesrecognizedaneedforgoverninglandacquiredin theTreatyofParis.TheNorthwestOrdinanceprovidedthebasisfortemporary governanceasaterritoryandeventualentryintotheUnitedStatesasstates. TheNorthwestOrdinancealsosetsomeprecedentsthatinfluencedhowtheUnitedStates wouldbegovernedinlateryears.NewstatesweretobeadmiJed“intotheCongressof theUnitedStates.”Thisprovisionwascon;nuedinlateryearsanditmeantthatthere wouldbenocoloniza;onofthelandsastherehadbeenunderGreatBritain.“Schoolsand themeansofeduca;on”weretobeencouraged.Thiswordingreinforcedtheprovisionin theLandOrdinanceof1785alloca;ngonesec;onofeachtownshipforthesupportof schoolsandofci;zenship(e.g.,religiousliberty,righttotrialbyjury,writofhabeascorpus) wereassured.TheseassuranceswereprecursorstotheBillofRightstotheU.S. Cons;tu;on.SlaverywasprohibitedintheNorthwestTerritory.Thisprovisionwaslater includedintheCons;tu;onasAmendment13.Stategovernmentsweretoberepublican instructure.ThisprovisionwasrepeatedintheU.S.Cons;tu;on. 1.Declara*onof 2.Northwest Independence Ordinance 3.Cons*tu*on oftheUnited States 4.Federalistand 5.BillofRights An*-Federalist Papers WHO WHO WHO WHO WHO WHAT WHAT WHAT WHAT WHAT WHERE WHERE WHERE WHERE WHERE WHEN WHEN WHEN WHEN WHEN WHY WHY WHY WHY WHY MovingWest TheLandOrdinanceof1785 & TheNorthwestOrdinanceof1787 NewLandPolicies • BeginningoftheRevolu;on – Onlyafewthousandlived westoftheAppalachian Mountains – TreatyofParisof1763 • Proclama;onLineof1763 • ForbidmovingWest • By1790’s – TreatyofParisof1783 allowedAmericanstomove west – Around120,000 • SeJlerswantedtoorganize theirlandsandjointhe Union StatesRelinquishTerritories • Allstatesrelinquished landclaimsinthenew territoryandgaveitto thecongress CongressinDebt • Congresshadnopower totaxtheinhabitantsof theUnitedStates – GoaloftheLand Ordinanceof1785 • Toraisemoneythrough thesaleofland • Payoffwardebts • Organizenewterritories gainedundertheTreaty ofParisof1783 DividingandSellingLand • Congresssurveyedand Dividedthelandin ordertosellittopeople movingwest. • Theypassedthe“Land Ordinanceof1785”to dividetheland. DividingtheLand • DividedintoTownships – 6MilesLong • Townshipsdividedinto 36Sec;ons – 640Acres – Soldatpublicauc;ons foratleast$1 LandSpecula;ons • Speculatorsviewedthelawasanopportunity toaccumulatelandcheaply – ConcernedwiththelawlessnessintheWest, RichardHenryLeeurged,“therightsofproperty beclearlydefined” – Congresssolvedthisproblembysegngupanew Ordinancecalled“TheNorthwestOrdinanceof 1787” TheNorthwestOrdinance Segngupgovernmentinthe NorthwestTerritory TheNorthwestOrdinance TheNorthwestOrdinance • Passedin1787 • CreatedtheNorthwest Territory • Woulddividethelands into3-5smaller territories SegngUpBoundaries • NorthwestTerritory – FirstOrganizedTerritory oftheUnitedStates • Boundaries – SouthoftheGreatLakes – NorthandWestofthe OhioRiver – EastoftheMississippi Aboli;onofStateClaims • Thenewterritorywas tobecontrolledbythe centralgovernment • Stateshadtogiveup theirlandclaimsinthe West • Congresswouldbethe legisla;vebodyofthe newterritories ReachingStatehood • Whentheterritory reachedapopula;onof 5,000“freemale inhabitantsoffullage” theycouldforma legislature. • OncetheTerritory reachedapopula;onof 60,000itcouldapplyfor statehood – Thesestateswouldbe admiJedtotheUnionwith equalrightsoftheoriginal 13states. EstablishingCivilRights • PropertyRightswere Promised • ReligiousTolerancewas proclaimed • FreePublicEduca;on • NoCruelorUnusual Punishment • TrialByJury TheProhibi;onofSlavery • SlaveryandInvoluntary Servitudewasillegal RightsoftheNa;veAmericans • “Theutmostgoodfaith shallalwaysbe observedtowardsthe Indians;theirlandand propertyshallneverbe takenwithouttheir consent;and,intheir property,rights,and liberty,theyshallnever beinvadedor disturbed.”
