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Chapter 8-3 – Study Guide
1. What occurs during crossing over in prophase I?
Genetic material is swapped between tetrads of chromosomes. This increases
the variability within offspring.
2. What is a tetrad/homologous chromosomes?
Homologous chromosomes that are next to each other and part during
anaphase I.
3. What are the end products of the cell cycle? Meiosis?
Cell Cycle – 2 identical diploid cells
Meiosis - 4 non-identical haploid cells.
4. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction increases the advances of evolution as well as the
variation among offspring.
5. What happens during the three stages of interphase?
The cell first grows, doubles the organelles, duplicates the DNA, and grows
some more. Throughout this time the cell is being regulated with cyclins.
6. What is the importance of chromosomes during cell division?
During mitosis, the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei, each containing a
complete set of the cell’s chromosomes. Thus, each new cell formed during cell
division contains identical DNA.
7. Why is it that siblings are not identical to each other if the genes are from both
parents?
During prophase, crossing over takes place creating recombinant DNA. This
creates a genetically different sibling each time since no egg or sperm are the
same.
8. Compare metaphase in mitosis, metaphase I and metaphase II. What are lining up?
During mitosis, chromosomes line up in the equator of the cell. During
metaphase I of meiosis, tetrads are lined up in the equator. During metaphase
II of meiosis, the chromosomes are lined up at the equator.
9. Fill in the follow table.
Stage of Meiosis
What’s happening?
Prophase I
Nucleus disappears
Chromatin  Chromosomes
Spindle fibers from centrioles
Centrioles move to opposite
poles
Tetrads form, crossing over
Metaphase I
Tetrads line up randomly
along equator of the cell
Anaphase I
Tetrads separate randomly to
opposite poles of the cell
Telophase/
Cytokinesis I
Chromosomes reach opposite
poles
Cleavage furrow appears
Prophase II
Nucleus disappears
Chromosomes move
Spindle fibers from centrioles
Metaphase II
Chromosomes line up
randomly along equator of the
cell
Anaphase II
Chromosomes separate
randomly to opposite poles of
the cell
What cell looks like
Telophase/
Cytokinesis II
Chromosomes reach opposite
poles
Cleavage furrow appears