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Chapter 14 Seeing and Hearing The Ocular and Auditory Systems Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning Functions of the Eye • The ocular system is responsible for vision • The combining forms for eye or sight are opt/i, opt/o, optic/o, ocul/o, and ophthalm/o Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning Structures of the Eye • The accessory structures of the eye include – orbit – eye muscles – eyelids or palpebrae • belphar/o is the combining form – eyelashes – conjunctiva • conjunctiv/o is the combining form – lacrimal apparatus • lacrim/o and dacry/o are the combining forms Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning Structures of the Eye • The structures of the eyeball include – sclera = outer layer • Combining form is scler/o • The transparent, anterior portion is called the cornea – Combining form for cornea is corne/o – choroid = middle layer • Consists of blood vessels, iris, pupil, lens, and ciliary body • Combining form is choroid/o – retina = inner layer • Nervous tissue layer that receives images • Combining form is retin/o Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning Structures of the Eye Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning Eye Chambers • The eye is divided into parts: – Anterior segment contains aqueous humor • anterior chamber • posterior chamber – Vitreous chamber contains vitreous humor Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning Medical Terms for the Ocular System • Additional terms for ocular system tests, pathology, and procedures can be found in the text • Review the Flash! CD program to make sure you understand these terms Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning Functions of the Ear • The ear is the sensory organ that enables hearing and helps to maintain balance • The combining forms for ear are audit/o, aud/i, and ot/o • The combining forms for sound or hearing are acoust/o and acous/o Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning Outer Ear Structures • Pinna – Catches sound waves and transmits sound waves – Pinn/i is the combining form – Aur/i and aur/o also mean external ear • External auditory canal – Tube that transmits sound from the pinna to the tympanic membrane – Glands secrete cerumen here Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning Middle Ear Structures • Tympanic membrane – “Eardrum” – Transmits sound waves to the ossicles – tympan/o and myring/o both mean eardrum • Auditory ossicles – malleus, incus, and stapes • Eustachian tube – Equalizes air and middle ear pressure • Oval window • Round window • Tympanic bulla – osseous chamber that houses the middle ear Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning Inner Ear Structures • Bony labyrinth – vestibule • balance and equilibrium – semicircular canals • regulate equilibrium – cochlea • organ of hearing Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning Medical Terms for the Auditory System • Additional terms for auditory system tests, pathology, and procedures can be found in the text • Review the Flash! CD program to make sure you understand these terms Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning