Download Ch. 14 Section 4 Outline Notes

Chapter 14 Section 4 – Pushing Back the Axis
(p. 508-515)
MAIN IDEAS
NOTES
 Meeting between Winston Churchill and FDR
Casablanca Conference
January 1943
1.) _____________________________________________________________________________________
 Target military, industry, economy and destroy the morale of the people
Casablanca, Morocco
2.) _____________________________________________________________________________________
Strategic Bombing of
Germany
1943-1945
1.) Created an ________________________________________________________________________________
2.) Wrecked the ______________________________________________________________________________
3.) Destroyed ________________________________________________________________________________
 Germany’s air force couldn’t replace their losses
The Italian Campaign
1.) July 10, 1943 = Invasion of __________________________________________________________________
 Invasion commanded by General Dwight D. Eisenhower with General Patton and British General Bernard
Montgomery heading the ground forces
2.) Aug. 18, 1943 = ___________________________________________________________________ the island
 July 25, 1943 = Italian king and leaders deposed Mussolini and then surrendered to the Allies
 German troops seized control of northern Italy, including Rome, and put Mussolini back in power
 Germans took up position near Cassino
3.) Jan. 1944 = Allies land at ____________________________________________________________________
a.) _____________________________________________________________________________________
 After 5 months in May 1944 = Allies broke the German lines after 5 months
b.) May 1944 = _________________________________________ and the Allies capture _______________
 Fighting continues in Italy for another year
 Meeting between FDR, Stalin, and Churchill
Tehran Conference
Nov. 28, 1943
Tehran, Iran
1.) Allies would ________________________________________________________________________ in 1944
a.) _______________would launch an _________________________________________________________
2.) ______________________________________________________________________________ after the war
3.) USSR would help the US ______________________________________________ after Germany’s surrender
4.) All agreed to set up an ______________________________________________________________________
after the war
 Dec. 4-6, 1943 = Roosevelt and Churchill met in Cairo, Egypt to plan the invasion of France
Invasion of France
Operation Overlord
1.) Invasion led by General _____________________________________________________________________
 Germans did not know where the Allies would land along the French coast
 Allies set up dummy equipment along the coast across from Calais
2.) Allies planned to land on ____________________________________________________________________
 a 60 mile stretch of five beaches along the Normandy coast in southern France
 Code names of beaches: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Sword and Juno
 By Spring of 1944, US had sent 1.5 million troops, 12,000 planes, and 5 million tons of equipment to England
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Chapter 14 Section 4 – Pushing Back the Axis
(p. 508-515)
D-Day
June 6, 1944
 7,000 ships with 100,000 soldiers went to the Normandy coast and 23,000 paratroopers were dropped inland
 Bombers hit bridges, bunkers and radar sites and warships shelled beaches
1.) Landings at _________________________________________________________ and some others went well
 Troops captured the beach in less than 3 hours and there were fewer than 200 casualties at Utah Beach
2.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
 At first, US troops made plans to evacuate
a.) US troops _____________________________________________________________________________
 2500 US soldiers were killed or wounded
 Largest amphibious operation in history
Admiral Chester Nimitz
Island Hops
in the Pacific
1943-1945
See map on p. 513
 Coral reef atolls made landing difficult because the water wasn’t deep enough and troops would have to wade
ashore
1.) Nov. 20-23, 1943 = _________________________ Atoll in the _______________________________ Islands
a.) US wanted to put _____________________________________ in the ______________________ Islands
 Needed to capture the Japanese base so the US could put air bases in the nearby Marshall Islands
 20 ships with 5000 marines ran aground on the reef
b.) Marines jumped out and _________________________________________________________________
c.) _____________________________________________________________________________________
 Only 1 in 3 marines made it past Japanese fire to the beach
 1000 marines died on Tarawa
d.) _________________________________________________________made it across the reef to the beach
 Nicknamed the “Alligator”
2.) Feb. 1944 = ___________________________________ Atoll in the ____________________________Islands
a.) All troops went ashore in _________________________________________________________________
3.) June-Aug. 1944 = ____________________________________________________________________Islands
 US captured Saipan, Tinian and Guam in the Mariana Islands
a.) US set up a ____________________________________________________________________________
 B-29 could fly farther than any other plane in the world and would be able to bomb Japan
General Douglas
MacArthur
Returns to the
Philippines
1.) Aug. 1942 – Feb. 1943 = Invaded ___________________________________________ in the Solomon Islands
2.) Oct. 23-26, 1944 = Battle of __________________________________________________________________
 Japanese sent 4 aircraft carriers to the Philippines from the north and a secret fleet from the west
 US carriers headed north to stop the Japanese carriers
1942-1945
a.) __________________________________________________________________ the remaining US ships
b.) _____________________________________________________________________________________
 Kamikaze = “divine wind”
 Japanese pilots crashed their planes into US ships in suicide missions
c.) _____________________________________________________________________________________
 Largest naval battle in history
3.) March 1945 = _____________________________________________________________________________
 80,000 Japanese were killed and only 1,000 surrendered
 Japanese retreated to rugged terrain north of Manila and continued fighting until Japan’s final surrender in
Aug. 1945
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