Download pages 169-170

Name ____________________________ Class __________________ Date _______________
Section 7-1 Life Is Cellular (pages 169-173)
Key Concepts
• What is the cell theory?
• What are the characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Introduction
(page 169)
1. What is the structure that makes up every living thing? ______________________________
The Discovery of the Cell
(pages 169-170)
2. What was Anton van Leeuwenhoek one of the first to see in the 1600s? _________________
3. What did a thin slice of cork seem like to Robert Hooke when he observed it
through a microscope? ________________________________________________________
4. What did the German botanist Matthias Schleiden conclude? _________________________
5. What did the German biologist Theodor Schwann conclude? _________________________
6. How did Rudolph Virchow summarize his years of work? ____________________________
7. What are the three concepts that make up the cell theory?
a. _________________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________________________
Exploring the Cell
(pages 170-172)
8. Why are electron microscopes capable of revealing details much smaller than those
seen through light microscopes? ________________________________________________
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19
Name ____________________________ Class __________________ Date _______________
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (pages 172-173)
9. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about prokaryotes.
a. They grow and reproduce.
b. Many are large, multicellular organisms.
c. They are more complex than cells of eukaryotes.
d. They have cell membranes and cytoplasm.
10. Are all eukaryotes large, multicellular organisms? _________________________________
11. Complete the table about the two categories of cells.
TWO CATEGORIES OF CELLS
Category
Definition
Examples
Organisms whose cells
lack nuclei
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20
Name _________________________ Class ________________ Date _____________
Section 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
(pages 174-181)
Key Concept
• What are the functions of the major cell structures?
Comparing a Cell to a Factory (page 174)
1. What is an
organelle?
2. COLOR and LABEL the structures on the illustrations of the plant and animal cells.
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3. Circle the letter of each structure that animal cells contain.
a. chloroplasts
b. lysosomes
c. mitochondria
d. ER
4. Circle the letter of each structure that plant cells contain.
a. cell wall
b. ER
c. lysosomes
d. chloroplast
Nucleus (page 176)
5. What is the function of the nucleus?______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
6. What important molecules does the nucleus contain?________________________
7. The granular material visible within the nucleus is called
8. What does chromatin consist of?_________________________________________
9. What are chromosomes?______________________________________________
10. Most nuclei contain a small, dense region known as the
11. What occurs in the nucleolus?_________________________________________
12. What is the nuclear envelope?___________________________________________
Ribosomes (page 177)
13. What are ribosomes?_________________________________________________
Endoplasmic Reticulum (pages 177-178)
14. What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?____________________
Golgi Apparatus (page 178)
15. Using the cell as a factory analogy, describe the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell.
Lysosomes (page 179)
16. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about lysosomes.
a. They contain enzymes that help synthesize lipids.
b. They break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.
c. They produce proteins that are modified by the ER.
d. They contain enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Vacuoles (page 179)
17. What are vacuoles?__________________________________________________
18. What is the role of the central vacuole in plants?____________________________
19. How does the contractile vacuole in a paramecium help maintain homeostasis?
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts (pages 179-180)
20. Is the following sentence true or false? Both chloroplasts and mitochondria
are enclosed by two membranes.
21. Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own genetic information in the form of
Name ________________________ Class ________________ Date _____________
22. What are mitochondria?_______________________________________________
23. Are mitochondria found in plant cells, animal cells, or both?____________________
24. Where are chloroplasts found?___________________________________________
25. Biologist Lynn Margulis has suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts are
descendants of what kind of organisms?___________________________________
Cytoskeleton (page 181)
26. What is the cytoskeleton?_______________________________________________
27. Complete the table about structures that make up the cytoskeleton.
STRUCTURES OF THE CYTOSKELETON
Structure
Description
Functions
Maintain cell shape, help build cilia and
flagella, form centrioles in cell division
Support the cell, help cells move
Match the organelle with its description.
Organelle
_____ 28. Ribosome
_____ 29. Endoplasmic reticulum
_____ 30. Golgi apparatus
_____ 31. Lysosome
_____ 32. Vacuole
_____ 33. Chloroplast
_____ 34. Mitochondrion
Description
a. Uses energy from sunlight to
make
energy-rich food
b. Stack of membranes in which
enzymes
attach carbohydrates and lipids to
proteins
c. Uses energy from food to make highenergy compounds
d. An internal membrane system in which
components of cell membrane and
some
proteins are constructed
e. Saclike structure that stores materials
f. Small particle of RNA and protein that
produces protein following instructions
from nucleus
g. Filled with enzymes used to break
down
food into particles that can be used
Section 7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
(pages 190-193)
Key Concepts
• What is cell specialization?
• What are the four levels of organization in multicellular organisms?
Unicellular Organisms (page 190)
1. A single-celled organism is also called a(an)
organism.
Multicellular Organisms (pages 190-192)
2. What is cell specialization in a multicellular organism?_________________________
3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about cell specialization.
a. Specialized cells perform particular functions within the organism.
b. Only unicellular organisms have specialized cells.
c. The human body contains many different cell types.
d. Some cells are specialized to enable movement.
Levels of Organization (pages 192-193)
4. What are four levels of organization in a multicellular
organism?
a.
b.
c.
d.
5. What is a tissue?_____________________________________________________
6.
What are the four main types of tissue in most animals?
a.
b.
c.
d.
7. Groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function are called a(an)
8. What kinds of tissues can be found within a muscle in your body?_______________
9. What is an organ system?_______________________________________________
Vocabulary Review
Completion Use the words below to fill in the blanks with terms from
the chapter.
cell
cell wall
chromosome
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
prokaryote
1. The basic unit of life is the
2. A
is a unicellular organism that lacks a
nucleus.
3. The support structure found outside the cell membrane is the
4. A
is the threadlike nuclear structure that
contains genetic information.
5. An organelle that releases energy from food molecules is a
6. The material inside the cell membrane that surrounds the
nucleus is the
Completion Use the words below to fill in the blanks with terms from
the chapter.
nucleus
organ
osmosis
ribosome
tissue
7. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
membrane is
8. A group of similar cells that work together to perform a
specific function is called a(an)
9. Proteins are made on a(an)
10. A group of tissues that work together to perform a similar
function is called a(an)
11. The
is the structure in eukaryotic cells
that controls cell activities and contains genetic material.