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ANPS019 September 28, 2011 VICTORY MAY MUSCLES AND ACTIONS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCLES OF MASTICATION Mastication: chewing Temporalis muscle: elevation (bite) Masseter muscles: elevation (bite) Lateral Pterygoid muscle: protraction, grinding Medial Pterygoid muscle: elevation, grinding NECK MUSCLES Located posteriorly: Rectus capitis major and minor muscle Superior and inferior oblique muscle Subocciptial muscle HEAD EXTESNION, ROTATION Located anteriorly: Longus capitis muscle Rectus capitis anterior and lateralis muscle Anterior vertebral muscle HEAD FLEXION, TILT Atlantoaxial joint also allows flexion NECK MUSCLES Much of head flexion is done by gravity If contract both sides, you will flex head and neck Sternoclediomastoid: Sternal clavicular head Muscle that pops out when turns head Trapezius: located posterior Bilateral-head flexion Unilateral-rotation and tilt to opposite side BACK AND SHOULDER MUSCLES Located posterior: Trapezius muscles Deltoid muscle Latissimus dorsi muscle Supraspinatus muscles Infraspinatus muscle Teres minor and major muscle *Superficial muscles on back have everything to do with shoulder and arm movement BACK AND SHOULDER MUSCLES Serratus posterior Superior and inferior muscles Assist respiration Erector spinae muscle: Spinalis muscle Logissmus muscle Iliocostalis muscle Bilateral: back extension (postural) Unilateral later bending to same side THORACIC AND SHOULDER MUSCLES Trapezius: drapes over shoulder Deltoid muscle Pectoralis major muscle: 2 insertions Serratus anterior muscle Pectoralis minor muscle: insert coracoid process of scapula SHOULDER MUSCLES (ACTIONS) Posterior view A muscle contracts, it shortens Trapezius muscle: 1. Elevates (goes beyond 90 degrees) 2. Depresses 3. Rotates scapula upward Deltoid muscle: 1. Abductor of arm at shoulder joint only to 90 degrees Latissimus dorsi muscle: 1. Adducts 2. Medially rotates arm at shoulder joint 3. Extends arm at shoulder joint SHOULDER MUSCLES (ACTIONS) Anterior View Deltoid Muscle: 1. Abductor of arm at shoulder joint Pectoralis Minor muscle: 1. Depresses shoulder (example “crossover fly” Pectoralis major muscle: (latissimus dorsi) 1. Flexion 2. Adducts 3. Medially rotates arm at shoulder joint Serratus anterior muscle: 1. Protracts scapula DEEP SHOULDER MUSCLES (ACTIOS) *ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES!!! Functions: rotation of humerus Hold head of the humerus in shoulder joint 1. supraspinatus muscle (superior scapular fossa) --abducts arm at shoulder joint 2. infraspinatus muscle (inferior scapula fossa) -lateral rotation of arm at shoulder joint 3. Teres minor muscle --lateral rotation of arm at shoulder 4. subscapularis muscle: -medial rotation at shoulder joint ** all of these attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus Teres major muscle: attaches to the intertubercalar soleus, so it is not a RTC DEEP SHOULDER MUSCLES Scapular protraction and retraction Rhomboid major and minor muscles -retracts scapula Serratus anterior muscle -protracts scapula