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Mercer County Community College
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
Course Handbook
PTA 210
PTA Techniques
& Modalities
Fall 2004
Barbara J. Behrens
MS 156
Course Director
586-4800 x 3385
Mercer County Community College
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
Course Syllabus Form
===============================================================
Course #:
PTA 210
Course Title:
PTA Techniques & Modalities
Credit Hours:(Lecture/Lab)
3/2
Contact Hours during the semester:
45/30
Number of weeks:
11
Clinical Contact Hours during the semester: 0
Number of clinical weeks: 0
Pre-/co-requisite courses:
Grading:
PTA 106 Therapeutic Measurement
60
% exams(#) 3
NA
% quizzes (#)
NA
% paper(s)
NA
% presentation(s)
5
% class/lab participation
25
% practical exam
10
% competency tests
===============================================================
Text(s):
Required:
Minor & Minor, Patient Care Skills, Eastern Medical Publishers,
Behrens & Michlovitz, Physical Agents: Theory & Practice for the
Physical Therapist Assistant, F.A.Davis Company, 1996.
Behrens, Physical Agents Lab Manual, F.A.Davis Co.,
Philadelphia, 1998.
Kisner & Colby, Therapeutic Exercise 3rd ed, F.A.Davis Co.,
1996.
===============================================================
Course Description:
Patient care and handling techniques, including positioning & bed mobility; vital
signs; transfers; gait; posture; massage; bandaging; edema management; relaxation;
traction; aquatics; continuous passive motion devices; hydrotherapy and aseptic
techniques. Strategies for therapeutic exercise will also be introduced and practiced
throughout the course. Students develop their skills through practice with each other in
the laboratory providing them with the opportunity to both administer and receive care.
Skills are tested for competence throughout the semester, and integration skills for these
techniques and will be tested during the practical examination at the end of the semester.
===============================================================
2
Course Objectives:
Following the successful completion of this course, the student will possess skills
in the following domains:
Cognitive/Knowledge
The student will be able to successfully:
1. differentiate between clean and sterile techniques
2. describe the principles and components of a therapeutic exercise program
3. describe the sequence for postural drainage for the lobes of the lungs
4. describe the sequence for tissue healing
5. describe the differences between normal and abnormal tissue healing characteristics
6. identify the components of tissue healing that need to be documented in a patient
chart
7. describe the principles of body mechanics
8. differentiate between safe and unsafe patient handling techniques
9. choose therapeutic exercises to strengthen prime-mover muscles
10. question a patient to determine their subjective complaints
11. list the possible ambulatory assistive devices that can be utilized for a patient
12. define the levels of assistance for patient activities and transfers
13. describes non-pathologic gait patterns and differentiates them from pathologic gait
patterns
14. describes the components of vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure)
15. lists the components of a continuous passive motion device for the knee
16. describes the components of mechanical traction devices for spinal traction
17. lists the parts of a whirlpool for a therapeutic intervention with hydrotherapy,
describing the variables and rationale for their selection
18. describes the use of intermittent compression as a therapeutic intervention for
lymphedema
19. describes chest wall expansion and excursion during inspiration
20. describes the characteristics of cough and sputum differentiating normal from
infected sputum
21. describes the components of an aerobic conditioning therapeutic exercise program
Psychomotor
The student will be able to successfully:
1. demonstrate appropriate aseptic techniques to control the spread of disease
2. perform safe dependent and assisted patient transfers utilizing appropriate body
mechanics
3. demonstrate body mechanics principles, assessment of vital signs and patient
positioning & draping techniques
4. perform clean and sterile dressing techniques
5. distinguish between bony and non-bony landmarks with accuracy
6. perform a therapeutic massage to the cervical and lumbar musculature to relieve
muscle guarding
3
7. demonstrate and guide a patient through a relaxation activity
8. prepare a patient for the application of hydrotherapy, traction, continuous passive
motion or intermittent compression
9. measure a patient for ambulatory assistive devices to accommodate weight bearing
status
10. demonstrate interpersonal skills to teach therapeutic exercises to patients and family
members
11. demonstrates and teaches ambulation with assistive devices (walkers, crutches, canes)
on all surfaces (level, curbs, steps, ramps, carpets, tile and outdoor surfaces)
12. performs manual postural drainage techniques
13. documents treatment techniques utilized with classmates in the formulation of a
SOAP note
14. adjusts the level of patient activity to maintain patient safety
15. positions a patient in supine, prone, sidelying or sitting to decrease weight bearing on
bony landmarks and to improve postural drainage
16. builds a therapeutic exercise program that prepares a patient for activities of daily
living (ADL)
17. demonstrates wheelchair operation for patient education and safety
18. measures vital signs including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate at rest and
during exercise
19. describes the safety and progression of patients while performing gait, wheelchair and
mobility activities
20. demonstrates safe patient interaction and support during an emergency episode with a
patient communicating with the supervising PT after ensuring the safety of the
patient.
21. demonstrates and performs passive range of motion exercises with patients on all
peripheral joints
22. recognizes positions, activities and postures that aggravate or relieve pain
23. approaches the supervising PT when there is a question about an unanticipated patient
response to a therapeutic intervention
Affective
The student will be able to successfully:
1. defend the importance of relaxation techniques and strategies
2. defend a patients right to privacy
3. act as an advocate for the patient by draping them to maintain patient dignity
4. advocate for the value of massage as an essential therapeutic tool
5. appreciate patient privacy and dignity issues without prompting
6. advocates for the documentation of objective signs & symptoms in patient charts
7. weigh patient responses to therapeutic exercise and massage to assess patient progress
8. internalize professional behaviors when interacting as a clinician
9. recognizes cyanosis
10. recognizes activities that aggravate or relieve edema, pain or dyspnea
11. recognizes an emergency situation
===============================================================
4
Course Outline:
I
Patient Care Skills
A.
Vital Signs
B.
Body Mechanics
C.
Bed Mobility
1.
Positioning & Draping
D.
Transfers
1.
Passive
2.
Assisted
E.
Aseptic Techniques & Dressings
1.
Wounds
2.
Burns
II
Treatment Techniques
A.
Palpation
B.
Massage
C.
Relaxation
D.
Traction
E.
CPM
F.
Edema Management
G.
Pulmonary
H.
Gait
1.
Normal
2.
Abnormal
3.
Assistive Devices
I.
Hydrotherapy
III
Foundations for Therapeutic Exercise
A.
Strength
B.
Power
C.
Resistance
D.
Endurance
===============================================================
Course Schedule:
Fall 2004
Monday & Wednesdays: 9-11
Location:
MS 352
Friday: Lab
===============================================================
PTAP Policy: Course Grading
One of the goals of the MCCC PTAP is to prepare students to practice as PTAs.
In New Jersey, as in many other states, PTAs are required to be licensed. Licensure is
granted following the successful completion of a standardized licensing exam, with a
score equivalent to 77 or higher. In recognition of this standard, set by a board that is
external to MCCC, the PTAP will adopt 77 as the minimal passing grade. Other grade
ranges are as follows:
A = 93-100
A-= 90-92
B+ = 87-98
B = 83-86
B- = 80-82
C+ = 77-79
5
Grades below 77 are not considered passing grades for PTAP courses, and are therefore
considered unacceptable. All PTAP courses must be completed with a grade of “C+” or
higher.
PTA Program Attendance and Deportment Policy Statements
Physical Therapy is a respected profession. Members of the profession
abide by the Code of Ethics for Professional Conduct and the Guide for
Professional Conduct. The MCCC PTA program faculty believe that professional
conduct and deportment are essential components for success as a Physical
Therapist Assistant.
Enrollment in a PTAP course will be viewed as a commitment that is made
between the student and the instructor. Enrollment in PTA program courses is
viewed as a similar agreement to the one that exists between an employer and
an employee. Both parties agree and understand that:

Attendance is expected for every scheduled lecture, laboratory and clinical
education course.

Excused absences of didactic courses may be permitted at the discretion of
the Course Director, if the absence is discussed in advance of the
occurrence.

It is the responsibility of the student to leave a message with Barbara
Behrens, the PTA Program Coordinator, if the student is going to be absent
from a scheduled lecture, laboratory or clinical education course (609-5864800x 3385). This message is to be left prior to the absence of the student.

Lateness to a scheduled lecture, laboratory or clinical education course in
unacceptable. The student and the Course Director will negotiate based upon
the frequency and circumstances, to determine what action will be taken.

Repeated latenesses may adversely affect student performance and
progression within the PTA program.

Students and faculty are expected to behave at all times, in a manner that is
consistent with the behaviors of their chosen profession and those of a
civilized society.(Nothing in this statement should be construed to prohibit an individual
from having an individual lifestyle outside of the clinic environment that may differ from the
expected behaviors in the clinic or classroom.)

Failure to exhibit behaviors consistent with this policy may result in the need
for Program counseling to determine the appropriateness of the choice of
major.
6
Continued matriculation following acceptance in the PTA program
indicates that the student has agreed to accept and uphold their
commitment to these policies.
On July 26, 1990, the President of the United States signed the Americans with
Disabilities Act (P.L. 101-336). The ADA is intended to remove barriers against
the more than 43 million people with disabilities in the United States. If you have
a documented learning disability, psychological disability, physical disability, or
other hidden disability that requires an accommodation, it is your responsibility to
make an appointment to meet with the PTA program coordinator prior to the due
date for any course examinations or assignments to discuss what
accommodations might be necessary.
A list of Essential Functions for the PTA program students and graduates is
available to all students by request, from the PTA program coordinator.
Class Philosophy
Participants will be expected to accept responsibility for their learning, and
as such will be considered learners.
Learners will identify:
• topic areas that are of particular interest to them for the purpose of paper
assignments
• topic areas that present challenges to them
• strategies for meeting his or her individual needs to master the information
Learners will also:
• actively participate in the presentation/discussion of course materials
• actively participate in the negotiation of a class schedule that meets the
objectives for the course and for the learners
• respect the interests and needs of other learners or faculty
• work together toward a meaningful understanding of the materials
presented.
Confidentiality Expectations
Patients:
During the academic preparation to become a physical therapist assistant,
there will be instances when you will be expected to collect data regarding a
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patient that you have seen or are seeing. This data will be used for educational
purposes only. Under NO circumstances, should this data be identified with a
particular patient or individual by the use of proper names.
Sample acceptable data for collection:
diagnosis
prescribed medications
age, gender
overall medical condition of the patient
previous medical history physical therapy plan of care
record of PT visits
physical therapy documentation
Classmates:
Periodically during the course of the semester, individuals among your
classmates may be asked to share physical anomalies or previous injuries and
treatments with the PTAP class. If an individual chooses to share this information
with the class, it is NOT to leave the classroom. If an individual does not wish to
share a personal diagnosis or anomaly with the class, it is within their rights not
to do so.
Volunteers will be solicited for laboratory demonstrations. Information
obtained during these lab exercises is intended for demonstration purposes only.
It is the right of every individual NOT to volunteer for a demonstration. However,
all students are expected to volunteer to be a patient for their classmates. This
may involve the removal of minor articles of clothing. In the event that clothing is
removed, draping techniques will be employed to preserve patient dignity.
Faculty:
Any and all individuals who elect to allow themselves to be the patient
during class and lab activities can expect that all information gained during the
activity will remain confidential. This extends to all MCCC faculty and MCCC
staff who elect to be “patients”.
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Mercer County Community College
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
Patient:
Practical Examination Score Sheet
Student: ___________________
Date: ___________________
106
Problem:
210 & 211
212
retake # 1 2
Instructions:
You will select one of the possible test scenarios that you will need to perform with an
assigned patient. You will make your selection approximately __15___ minutes before your
actual testing time. During that time, you may review you notes, texts, reference materials, etc.,
and make notes on a separate piece of paper that you may bring into the test with you.
Each test will take a total of __60__ minutes to complete.
The tester will be looking for the following:
(from the individual being tested)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
preparation of the treatment/assessment area for your patient (before and after the
session)
preparation of yourself, handwashing before touching a patient
to see how you introduce yourself to a patient
to see that you respect the dignity of your patient
to see that you position your patient appropriately for what you are doing with them
to see that you explain what you are going to do with the patient to the patient
to see that your session and measurements are accurate and in agreement with the
testers visual assessment of the measurements and the session
to see that you record your session and measurements in a meaningful and accurate
manner
Patient Safety: to see that you have prioritized what you are going to do with the
patient and that you have a physiologically sound and rational plan for the session
Patient Safety: to see that you perform the selected tasks with evidence of skill and
safety in the techniques performed
The tester will be looking for the following from the “patient” during the test:





that you do ONLY what you are told to do
the you do NOT try to help the clinician
that you do NOT ask questions of the tester
that you do NOT prepare or clean up the area
that you respect the stress of the clinician and do not try to make it more difficult for
them to successfully complete the practical
Please note:
Patient safety is a critical component for the successful completion of this and all
PTA program courses within the PTA curriculum. Items 9 & 10 on the list are
considered to be skills that must have a score of “8” of higher for the student to
pass this practical examination.
9
Scoring
10 = entry level performance for a PTA
9 = competent for a PTA student at this level
8 = frazzled but safe
7 = inappropriate
6 = unsafe
5
4
3
2
1
= fraudulent
= disrespectful to the patient
= forgotten or incomplete task performance
=
=
1.
preparation of the treatment/assessment area for your patient (before and after the session)
Score:
Comments
2.
preparation of yourself, hand-washing before touching a patient, lab coat and name tag
Score:
Comments
3.
to see how you introduce yourself to a patient (name & title), (clarity and speed)
Score:
Comments
4.
to see that you respect the dignity of your patient (making eye contact at eye level, pt.draping)
Score:
Comments
5.
to see that you position your patient appropriately for what you are doing with them and that you do not have
them change positions un-necessarily.
Score:
Comments
6.
to see that you explain what you are going to do with the patient to the patient in terms that they will understand
Score:
Comments
7.
to see that your session and measurements are accurate and in agreement with the testers visual assessment
of the measurements and the session, recording only what is done and planned
Score:
Comments
8.
to see that you record your session and measurements in a meaningful and accurate manner, using correct
abbreviations, spelling, and documentation format in black ink
Score:
Comments
9.
Patient Safety:
to see that you have prioritized what you are going to do with the patient
and that you have a physiologically sound and rational plan for the session
Score:
Comments
10.
Patient Safety:
to see that you perform the selected tasks with evidence of skill and safety in the
techniques performed
Score:
Comments
10
The following items will be specifically watched by the tester during the test.
 does the student/patient do ONLY what he/she is told to do
 does the student/patient try to help the clinician
 does the student/patient ask questions of the tester
 does the patient/student prepare or clean up the area
 does the student/patient respect the stress of the clinician and do not try to make it more
difficult for them to successfully complete the practical
If any of these behaviors is observed, points will be deducted from the total score for the patient
once they are the clinician. (5 points per observed infraction)
Points to be deducted from the patient’s score once they are the clinician:
______________
Comments/Infractions:
Total Score for the Clinician:
_____________________
Review Date:
Point Deductions (as a patient):
_____________________
Student Initials:
Final Score:
Pass / Fail
Tester:
bjb 7/04
11
Mercer County Community College
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
PTA 210
Date
8/30
9/3
9/8
PTA Techniques & Modalities
Fall 2004
Topic(s)
Vital Signs
BodyMechanics
LAB
Reading
Minor: Chapter 3
Minor: pp.12-14
Body Mechanics
Bed Mobility & Transfers
LAB
Minor: Chapters 2 & 5
Minor: Chapter 4
9/17
Bed Mobility & Transfers
Aseptic & Dressing Techniques
LAB
9/20
Written Exam # 1
Therapeutic Exercise
LAB
Kisner: Chapter 21
9/22
Normal Gait
Normal/Abnormal Gait
LAB
Lippert: Chapter 16
9/10
9/13
9/27
10/1
10/4
10/8
Normal/Abnormal Gait
Measurement for Assistive Devices Minor: Chapter 9
LAB
10/11
Written Exam # 2
Gait with Assistive Devices
LAB
Minor: Chapter 9
10/15
Palpation & Massage
Relaxation, Traction, CPM
LAB
Kisner: Chapter 7
Behrens: Chapters 7 & 8
Edema Management
Pulmonary Techniques
LAB
Behrens: Chapter 9
Kisner: Chapters 19 & 20
10/18
10/22
10/25
10/29
12
10/29
WE # 3 Take home exam
12/6
TBA
Hydrotherapy & Aqatics
LAB
12/13
Practice Case Scenarios
12/17
PRACTICAL EXAM
Behrens: Chapter 6


Competency Tests
PTA 210
PTA Techniques & Modalities
This course incorporates many different patient care skills. Students will be expected to
demonstrate each of the skills and internalize the concepts of body mechanics, aseptic
techniques, relaxation techniques and positioning concepts when interacting with their “patients”.
Vital Signs:
Equipment:
Watch or clock with a second hand
Stethoscope
Sphygmomanometer
chart to record patient data
Preparation:
prepare your patient to have their vital signs taken
supine
sitting
Skill Demonstration: monitor and record:
 blood pressure
 heart rate
 respiration
Students must be able to provide a rationale for recording each of the monitored signs,
and explain the significance of each.
Documentation:
record each of the monitored vital signs as they would be
recorded in a patient progress note

Aseptic Techniques
Objective
Demonstrate universal precautions while changing the dressing of a sacral decubitus
ulcer.
The student is expected to be able to:
 don and doff sterile and clean gloves
 set up a clean environment for the removal of a dressing
 dispose of medical waste from a soiled dressing
 measure and describe the size of the ulcer utilizing appropriate
terminology for medical documentation
 set up a sterile environment to a clean dressing to a wound
 apply a clean dressing to a sacral ulcer
13
The student is responsible for:
 providing the rationale for clean and sterile environments
 outlining and defending the importance of universal
precautions
Therapeutic Exercise
Equipment:
free weights
cane
theraband
exercise equipment as necessary
Preparation:
assemble the tools that you will need to progress a patient through
a progressive resistance exercise program for upper extremity
strength and endurance
Skill Demonstration:
instruct your patient in a PRE program for general upper body
strengthening and endurance
demonstrate the activities that you would like them to perform
indicate how you would know when the progress the patient and by
how much
Documentation:
document what your patient performed during the test

Transfers & Gait with Assistive Devices:
Equipment:
Preparation:
Skill Demonstration:
Documentation:
Wheelchair
Walker
Crutches
Cane
transport your patient in a wheel chair
measure your patient for each of the assistive devices
transfer from sitting to standing
teach your patient how to stand and ambulate using:
 walker NWB on L (15 feet x2)
 crutches PWB on L (15 feet x2 +  stairs)
 cane PWB on L (15 feet x2 +  stairs)
document patient progress in ambulation and transfer techniques

Massage:
Equipment:
Preparation:
treatment plinth
linens
massage lotion
towels
prepare your patient for an entire back massage
14
Skill Demonstration:
Documentation:
position & drape appropriately
identify each of the types of strokes and their indications
perform a relaxing, back massage to relieve minor muscle tightness
demonstrate at least 3 types of strokes during the performance of an
entire back massage
initiate and terminate the massage appropriately
instruct the patient appropriately regarding expectations for the massage
document what you palpated, performed and the patient response


15
Mercer County Community College
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
I, the undersigned, have received a copy of the course handbook for
_______PTA Techniques __. My signature acknowledges that this information
has been explained to me and that I have been given the opportunity to ask
questions about the content of the handbook. I understand that I will be held
accountable for the expectations of students within this course handbook and the
PTA program handbook as stated or implied within them. My signature is
provided voluntarily.
There were a total of __16___ pages. This signature page is page number
___16____. I have retained my copy of the other pages. I will keep this handbook
as my guide throughout this semester.
student name
signature
date

Mercer County Community College
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
I, the undersigned, have received a copy of the course handbook for
_____PTA Techniques
__. My signature acknowledges that this
information has been explained to me and that I have been given the opportunity
to ask questions about the content of the handbook. I understand that I will be
held accountable for the expectations of students within this course handbook
and the PTA program handbook as stated or implied within them. My signature
is provided voluntarily.
There were a total of _16__ pages. This signature page is page number
__16__. I have retained my copy of the other pages. I will keep this handbook as
my guide throughout this semester.
student name
signature
date
16