* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Study Guide A Answer Key
Survey
Document related concepts
Introduction to evolution wikipedia , lookup
Biogeography wikipedia , lookup
Introduced species wikipedia , lookup
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle wikipedia , lookup
Restoration ecology wikipedia , lookup
Biodiversity wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Conservation biology wikipedia , lookup
Overexploitation wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical ecology wikipedia , lookup
Natural environment wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Human Impact on Ecosystems Study Guide A Answer Key SECTION 1. HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. SECTION 3. WATER QUALITY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. b b renewable nonrenewable renewable Allow either answer. Drinking water is renewed through the water cycle, but the amount of water on Earth does not change. renewable renewable [Some students might point out that petroleum-based fertilizers used to grow corn are a nonrenewable resource.] renewable [Some students might point out that petroleum-based fertilizers used to grow cattle feed are a nonrenewable resource.] nonrenewable d c a b SECTION 4. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. a c d b b a Burmese python Kudzu Mice c a SECTION 5. CONSERVATION SECTION 2. AIR QUALITY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. c a c a biomagnification hawks indicator species biomagnification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. pollution Smog microscopic ozone acid rain energy from the Sun it maintains temperatures on Earth that make life possible CO 2 greenhouse effect global warming d b c Timber industry Fisheries d aquatic mammal Endangered Species Act protect other species Clean Air Act CleanWater Act Endangered Species Act c sustainable development © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A i Human Impact on Ecosystems Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Section 1: Human Population Growth and Natural Resources Study Guide A KEY CONCEPT As the human population grows, the demand for Earth’s resources increases. VOCABULARY nonrenewable resource renewable resource ecological footprint MAIN IDEA: Earth’s human population continues to grow. Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. Earth’s human population is now approximately ___________. a. 1 billion b. 7 billion c. 10 billion d. 20 billion 2. Technologies and medical advances, such as indoor plumbing and antibiotics, have influenced human population by __________. a. slowing birth rates b. increasing Earth’s carrying capacity c. reducing Earth’s carrying capacity d. increasing death rates MAIN IDEA: The growing human population exerts pressure on Earth’s natural resources. Determine whether the following natural resources are renewable or nonrenewable. Write renewable or nonrenewable in the space provided beside the name of each resource. ______________________ 3. sun ______________________ 4. oil ______________________ 5. trees ______________________ 6. water ______________________ 7. wind ______________________ 8. corn ______________________ 9. beef ______________________10. coal © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 1 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 1: Human Population Growth and Natural Resources Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Study Guide A continued MAIN IDEA: Effective management of Earth’s resources will help meet the needs of the future. Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence. 11. The use of trees by the human population of Easter Island is an example of ___________. a. environmental damage caused by violent weather b. environmental damage caused by plant disease c. sustainable resource use d. unsustainable resource use 12. The area of land needed to provide a person with the food and water, shelter, energy, and waste management he or she uses is that person’s ___________. a. sustainability level b. ecological damage c. ecological footprint d. carrying capacity Vocabulary Check Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence. 13. Resources that cannot be used up or can replenish themselves more quickly than they are being used are ___________. a. renewable b. nonrenewable c. sustainable d. unsustainable 14. Resources that are used much faster than they can replenish themselves are _____________. a. renewable b. nonrenewable c. sustainable d. unsustainable © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 2 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 1: Human Population Growth and Natural Resources Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Section 2: Air Quality Study Guide A KEY CONCEPT Fossil fuel emissions affect the biosphere. VOCABULARY pollution particulate greenhouse effect smog acid rain global warming MAIN IDEA: Pollutants accumulate in the air. Fill in the blank with the term or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. Smog, particulates, acid rain, and greenhouse gases are examples of _________________. 2. _______________ forms when sunlight interacts with emissions from the burning of fossil fuels. 3. Particulates are made up of _________________ bits of dust, metal, and unburned fuel. 4. Smog is made up of particulate matter and ground-level _________________. 5. The low pH of _________________ can affect ecosystems by slowing the growth of plants and damaging fish habitat. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 3 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 2: Air Quality Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Study Guide A continued MAIN IDEA: Air pollution is changing Earth’s biosphere. Complete the Concept Map with information about the greenhouse effect. Choose from the following terms and phrases: it maintains temperatures on Earth that make life possible, energy from the Sun, CO 2. Greenhouse effect absorbs and reflects 6. is important because involves 7. greenhouse gasses such as H2O CH 4 8. 9. The _______________ slows the release of heat energy from Earth into space. 10. The trend of increasing temperatures on Earth is called __________________. Vocabulary Check Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence. 11. A gardener’s greenhouse is a miniature version of _____________. a. global warming b. methane c. air pollution d. the greenhouse effect 12. Microscopic bits of dust, metal, and unburned fuel that are produced by many industrial processes form a type of air pollution called ___________. a. smog b. particulates c. acid rain d. global warming © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 4 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 2: Air Quality Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Section 3: Water Quality Study Guide A KEY CONCEPT Pollution of Earth’s freshwater supply threatens habitat and health. VOCABULARY indicator species biomagnification MAIN IDEA: Water pollution affects ecosystems. Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. Detergents, fertilizers, and raw sewage that make their way into rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers are sources of ________. a. indicator species b. air pollution c. water pollution d. eggshell thinning 2. Scientists sometimes use ___________ to determine the health of an ecosystem. a. indicator species b. chemical contaminants c. water pollution d. biomagnification 3. When fertilizers pollute waterways, a buildup in the growth of algae can result. Too much algae reduce the __________ level in the water, leading to the death of fish. a. eutrophication b. chemical contaminants c. oxygen d. biomagnification © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 5 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 3: Water Quality Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Study Guide A continued 4. A buildup of algae can cause a lake or pond to slowly disappear. This process is called ________. a. eutrophication b. chemical contaminants c. oxygen d. biomagnification MAIN IDEA: Biomagnification causes accumulation of toxins in the food chain. Fill in the blank with a word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 5. The movement of fat-soluble pollutants through the food chain is called _______________________. 6. Pesticides are applied to a field of corn. Mice eat some of the corn. Some of the mice are eaten by snakes. Some of the snakes are eaten by hawks. Over time, the animals with the highest levels of pesticides in their body are the ________________. Vocabulary Check Fill in the blank with a word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 7. A fish species that shows evidence of absorbing prescription drugs from the water is a(n) ___________________________, or bioindicator, that provides evidence about the health of the ecosystem. 8. An increase in the concentration of fat-soluble toxic material in the bodies of animals as you move up the food chain is called ______________________. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 6 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 3: Water Quality Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Section 4: Threats to Biodiversity Study Guide A KEY CONCEPT The impact of a growing human population threatens biodiversity. VOCABULARY habitat fragmentation introduced species MAIN IDEA: Preserving biodiversity is important to the future of the biosphere. Circle the letter of the term or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. The variety of species found in an ecosystem is a measure of the ecosystem’s __________. a. biodiversity b. loss of habitat c. reduction in stability d. natural resource depletion 2. A loss of biodiversity can make it difficult for an ecosystem to ____________ a. lose populations b. slow population growth c. adjust to change d. deplete natural resources 3. The highest levels of biodiversity on Earth are found in ___________. a. desert ecosystems b. lake ecosystems c. tundra ecosystems d. rain forest ecosystems © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 7 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 4: Threats to Biodiversity Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Study Guide A continued MAIN IDEA: Loss of habitat eliminates species. 4. Building roads, clearing forests, and building new housing developments are human activities that contribute to __________. a. increased diversity b. habitat fragmentation c. increased ecosystem stability d. forest preservation MAIN IDEA: Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an ecosystem. 5. A species brought into an ecosystem as the result of human actions is __________. a. a discovered species b. an introduced species c. an endangered species d. a native species 6. A non-native species that increases in population size under a variety of conditions and causes economic damage is __________. a. an invasive species b. an introduced species c. an endangered species d. a native species © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 8 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 4: Threats to Biodiversity Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Study Guide A continued Complete the chart below by filling in the left column with the names of the introduced species that are causing the ecosystem impacts described in the right column. Species Region Impact on Ecosystem 7. Florida Everglades Escaped pet that feeds on many species of small animals, including endangered birds 8. United States Fast-growing plant that chokes out other plants 9. Australia Small mammals that can severely damage grain crops, resulting in major economic losses for farmers. Vocabulary Check Circle the letter of the term or phrase that best completes the sentence. 10. An organism brought to an ecosystem as the result of human action is called __________________. a. habitat fragmentation b. biodiversity c. an introduced species d. pollution 11. A tunnel under a highway provides a path for migrating frogs. The tunnel is a technology that can help lessen damage from _________. a. habitat fragmentation b. biodiversity c. introduced species d. pollution © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 9 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 4: Threats to Biodiversity Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Section 5: Conservation Study Guide A KEY CONCEPT Conservation methods can help protect and restore ecosystems. VOCABULARY sustainable development umbrella species MAIN IDEA: Sustainable development manages resources for present and future generations. Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. ___________________ is a practice in which natural resources are used and managed in a way that meets current needs without hurting future generations. a. Resource harvesting b. Population management c. Sustainable development d. Resource depletion Complete the following chart by filling in the Resource column with the name of the resource that matches the Sustainable Management and Benefits columns. Resource Sustainable Management Benefits 2. Avoid clear-cutting Cut select trees Encourages rapid regrowth of trees 3. Reduce harvest of slowgrowing species Allows reproduction and growth to keep up with harvest © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 10 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 5: Conservation Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Study Guide A continued MAIN IDEA: Conservation practices focus on a few species but benefit entire ecosystems. Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence. 4. The act of protecting a(n) ____________ species in an ecosystem often helps protect other species in the same ecosystem. a. native b. invasive c. introduced d. umbrella Complete the Concept Map with information about the manatee and its role as an umbrella species. Choose from the following phrases: protect other species, aquatic mammal, Endangered Species Act. West Indian manatee is an is protected by helps to 7. 5. 6. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 11 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 5: Conservation Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Study Guide A continued MAIN IDEA: Protecting Earth’s resources helps protect our future. Complete the table by filling in the blanks in the left column with the name of the law described in the right column of each row. Law Description 8. ______________________ Regulates pollution emissions from industrial factories and automobiles 9. ______________________ Protects waterways from activities that cause pollution 10. _____________________ Protects species that are threatened with extinction Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence. 11. ___________ is one way humans can reduce their impact on Earth’s ecosystems. a. Allowing industries to release chemicals into waterways b. Rapid harvesting of nonrenewable resources c. Developing technologies to reduce waste d. Reduced enforcement of the Clean Air Act Vocabulary Check Fill in the blank with a word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 12. Keeping ecosystems healthy is the primary goal of _______________________. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide A 12 Human Impact on Ecosystems Section 5: Conservation