Download 1 The modern model of the atom is based on the work of (1) one

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Date:
1
The modern model of the atom is based on the work of
(1) one scientist over a short period of time
(2) one scientist over a long period of time
(3) many scientists over a short period of time
(4) many scientists over a long period of time
2
Which statement is true about the charges assigned to an electron and a proton?
(1) Both an electron and a proton are positive.
(2) An electron is positive and a proton is negative.
(3) An electron is negative and a proton is positive.
(4) Both an electron and a proton are negative.
3
In the wave-mechanical model, an orbital is a region of space in an atom where there is
(1) a high probability of finding an electron
(2) a high probability of finding a neutron
(3) a circular path in which electrons are found
(4) a circular path in which neutrons are found
4
What is the charge of the nucleus in an atom of oxygen-17?
(1) 0
(2) ±2
(3) +8
(4) +17
5
In comparison to an atom of 199F in the ground state, an atom of 126C in the ground state has
(1) three fewer neutrons
(2) three fewer valence electrons
(3) three more neutrons
(4) three more valence electrons
Base your answers to the following questions on the data table below, which shows three isotopes of
neon.
,VRWRSH
20
Ne
$WRPLF0DVV
3HUFHQW1DWXUDO
DWRPLFPDVVXQLWV $EXQGDQFH
19.99
90.9%
Base your answers to the following questions on the data table below, which shows three isotopes of
neon.
,VRWRSH
$WRPLF0DVV
3HUFHQW1DWXUDO
DWRPLFPDVVXQLWV $EXQGDQFH
20
Ne
19.99
90.9%
21
Ne
20.99
0.3%
22
Ne
21.99
8.8%
6
In terms of atomic particles, state one difference between these three isotopes of neon. [1]
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7
Based on the atomic masses and the natural abundances shown in the data table, in the space
provided below, show a correct numerical setup for calculating the average atomic mass of neon. [1]
8
Based on natural abundances, the average atomic mass of neon is closest to which whole number?
[1]
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9
An atom in the ground state has seven valence electrons.
This atom could be an atom of which element?
FDOFLXPR[\JHQ
IOXRULQHVRGLXP
10
What is the total number of electrons in an atom
of potassium?
11
A proton has a charge that is opposite the charge of
DQDOSKDSDUWLFOHDQHOHFWURQ
DQHXWURQDSRVLWURQ
11
A proton has a charge that is opposite the charge of
DQDOSKDSDUWLFOHDQHOHFWURQ
DQHXWURQDSRVLWURQ
12
Which statement identifies the element arsenic?
(1) Arsenic has an atomic number of 33.
(2) Arsenic has a melting point of 84 K.
(3) An atom of arsenic in the ground state has
HLJKWYDOHQFHHOHFWURQV
(4) An atom of arsenic in the ground state has a
UDGLXVRISP
13
The wave-mechanical model of the atom is required to explain the
(1) mass number and atomic number of an atom
(2) organization of atoms in a crystal
(3) radioactive nature of some atoms
(4) spectra of elements with multielectron atoms
14
The diagram below represents the nucleus of an atom.
What are the atomic number and mass number of this atom?
(1) The atomic number is 9 and the mass number is 19.
(2) The atomic number is 9 and the mass number is 20.
(3) The atomic number is 11 and the mass number is 19.
(4) The atomic number is 11 and the mass number is 20.
Directions:
For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best
completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry.
15
Which particle has a mass that is approximately the same as the mass of a proton?
(1) an alpha particle
(2) a beta particle
(3) a neutron
(4) a positron
16
According to the electron-cloud model of the atom, an orbital is a
(1) circular path traveled by an electron around the nucleus
(2) spiral path traveled by an electron toward the nucleus
(3) region of the most probable proton location
16
According to the electron-cloud model of the atom, an orbital is a
(1) circular path traveled by an electron around the nucleus
(2) spiral path traveled by an electron toward the nucleus
(3) region of the most probable proton location
(4) region of the most probable electron location
17
Which statement describes the relative energy of the electrons in the shells of a calcium atom?
(1) An electron in the first shell has more energy than an electron in the second shell.
(2) An electron in the first shell has the same amount of energy as an electron in the
second shell.
(3) An electron in the third shell has more energy than an electron in the second shell.
(4) An electron in the third shell has less energy than an electron in the second shell.
18
What can be determined if only the atomic number of an atom is known?
(1) the total number of neutrons in the atom, only
(2) the total number of protons in the atom, only
(3) the total number of protons and the total number of neutrons in the atom
(4) the total number of protons and the total number of electrons in the atom
19
Directions:
For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best
completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry.
20
The diagram below represents the bright-line spectra of four elements and a bright-line spectrum
produced by a mixture of two of these elements.
Which two elements are in this mixture?
(1) barium and hydrogen
(2) barium and lithium
(3) helium and hydrogen
(4) helium and lithium
21
The table below gives information about the nucleus of each of four atoms.
How many different elements are represented by the nuclei in the table?
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
22
What is the total number of valence electrons in an atom of germanium in the ground state?
(1) 8
(2) 2
(3) 14
(4) 4
Directions:
Record your answers in the space provided after each question. Some questions may require the use
of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry.
23
Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why the noble gas neon is an unreactive element.
_________________________________________________________________
of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry.
23
Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why the noble gas neon is an unreactive element.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Directions:
For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best
completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry.
24
Which subatomic particle is negatively charged?
(1) electron
(2) neutron
(3) positron
(4) proton
25
What is the mass number of a carbon atom that contains six protons, eight neutrons, and six
electrons?
(1) 6
(2) 8
(3) 14
(4) 20
26
An atom in the ground state has a stable valence electron configuration. This atom could be an atom
of
(1) Al
(2) Cl
(3) Na
(4) Ne
27
An atom of an element has a total of 12 electrons. An ion of the same element has a total of 10
electrons. Which statement describes the charge and radius of the ion?
(1) The ion is positively charged and its radius is smaller than the radius of the atom.
(2) The ion is positively charged and its radius is larger than the radius of the atom.
(3) The ion is negatively charged and its radius is smaller than the radius of the atom.
(4) The ion is negatively charged and its radius is larger than the radius of the atom.
Directions:
For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best
completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the
Directions:
For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best
completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry.
28
Magnesium and calcium have similar chemical properties because a magnesium atom and a calcium
atom have the same
(1) atomic number
(2) mass number
(3) total number of electron shells
(4) total number of valence electrons
Base your answers to the following questions on the information below.
29
State, in terms of the number of subatomic particles, one similarity and one difference
between the atoms of these isotopes of sulfur.
Similarity: __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Difference: _________________________________________________________
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30
In the space below, draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for an atom of sulfur-33.
31
31
In the space below, show a correct numerical setup for calculating the atomic mass of sulfur.
Base your answers to the following questions on the information below.
In 1897, J. J. Thomson demonstrated in an experiment that cathode rays were deflected by an electric
field. This suggested that cathode rays were composed of negatively charged particles found in all
atoms. Thomson concluded that the atom was a positively charged sphere of almost uniform density
in which negatively charged particles were embedded. The total negative charge in the atom was
balanced by the positive charge, making the atom electrically neutral.
In the early 1900s, Ernest Rutherford bombarded a very thin sheet of gold foil with alpha particles.
After interpreting the results of the gold foil experiment, Rutherford proposed a more sophisticated
model of the atom.
32
State one conclusion from Rutherford's experiment that contradicts one conclusion made by
Thomson.
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33
State one aspect of the modern model of the atom that agrees with a conclusion made
by Thomson.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Directions:
For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best
completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry.
34
In an atom of argon-40, the number of protons
(1) equals the number of electrons
(2) equals the number of neutrons
(3) is less than the number of electrons
34
In an atom of argon-40, the number of protons
(1) equals the number of electrons
(2) equals the number of neutrons
(3) is less than the number of electrons
(4) is greater than the number of electrons
35
What information is necessary to determine the atomic mass of the element chlorine?
(1) the atomic mass of each artificially produced isotope of chlorine, only
(2) the relative abundance of each naturally occurring isotope of chlorine, only
(3) the atomic mass and the relative abundance of each naturally occurring isotope of chlorine
(4) the atomic mass and the relative abundance of each naturally occurring and artificially produced
isotope of chlorine
36
An electron in a sodium atom moves from the third shell to the fourth shell. This change is a result of
the atom
(1) absorbing energy
(2) releasing energy
(3) gaining an electron
(4) losing an electron
Directions:
For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best
completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry.
37
Given the bright-line spectra of three elements and the spectrum of a mixture formed from at least two
of these elements:
Which elements are present in this mixture?
(1) E and D, only
(2) E and G, only
(3) D and G, only
(4) D, E, and G
Which elements are present in this mixture?
(1) E and D, only
(2) E and G, only
(3) D and G, only
(4) D, E, and G
Directions:
Record your answers to the following questions in the spaces provided after each question. Some
questions may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry.
38
Describe the electrons in an atom of carbon in the ground state. Your response must include:
‡the charge of an electron [1]
‡the location of electrons based on the wave-mechanical model [1]
‡the total number of electrons in a carbon atom [1]
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Directions:
For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best
completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry.
39
Which two particles have opposite charges?
(1) an electron and a neutron
(2) an electron and a proton
(3) a proton and a neutron
(4) a proton and a positron
40
Which statement describes how an atom in the ground state becomes excited?
(1) The atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell.
(2) The atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a lower electron shell.
(3) The atom releases energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell.
(4) The atom releases energy, and one or more electrons move to a lower electron shell.
41
Which element has an atom in the ground state with a total of three valence electrons?
(1) aluminum
(2) lithium
(3) phosphorus
(4) scandium
42
Which element has an atom in the ground state with a total of three valence electrons?
(1) aluminum
(2) lithium
(3) phosphorus
(4) scandium
42
Which symbol represents an atom in the ground state with the most stable valence electron
configuration?
(1) B
(2) O
(3) Li
(4) Ne
Directions:
For each statement or question, write the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best
completes the statement or answers the question. Some questions may require the use of the
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry.
43
Each diagram below represents the nucleus of a different atom.
Which diagrams represent nuclei of the same element?
(1) D and E, only
(2) D, E, and Q
(3) Q and R, only
(4) Q, R, and E
Base your answers to the following questions on the information below.
The nucleus of one boron atom has five protons and four neutrons.
44
Determine the total number of electrons in the boron atom.
______________
45
Determine the total charge of the boron nucleus.
___________
45
Determine the total charge of the boron nucleus.
___________
Base your answers to the following questions on the information below.
46
Determine both the total number of protons and the total number of neutrons in an atom of the
naturally occurring carbon isotope with the largest mass number.
Protons: ___________
Neutrons: ___________