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Transcript
Write: Explain in your own words at least two of the rationales for English expansion in the New World given by Richard Hakluyt in his 1584 document. Connect them to a political or social event taking place in Britain or Europe as a whole at that time. Richard Hakluyt, Discourse of Western Planting, 1584 A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Sir Walter Raieigh (excerpts) • That this western discovery will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majesty is principal. • That all other English Trades are grow beggarly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain's Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majesty • That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia.... • That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men… • That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spain and a means that we may arrest …one or two hundred sail of his subjects ships at the fishing in Newfoundland. • That the richness that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideration of the Queen, most excellent Majesty, least the continual coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoy of this Realm… • What special means may bring king Phillip from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbors, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. […] • That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more then Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are every where there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in divers places where they were Lords heretofore. […] • That the Queen of England's title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle artic, is more lawful and right than the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. Topic: Early British Colonization in the New World (1500-1733) Aim: Explain and analyze the reasons and effectiveness of early British attempts at colonization in the New World. • Describe the factors which led to England lagging behind in the race to establish colonies in the New World. • How does this 1588 portrait of Queen Elizabeth I illustrate England‘s imperialist goals? • Detail the role of British nationalism in the late 1500s that contributed to imperial expansionism. Queen Elizabeth I ―The Virgin Queen‖—1558-1603 as depicted by George Gower in 1588 Name Master Edward Maria Wingfield Captaine John Smyth Captaine John Martin Occupation Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll Captaine John Ratliffe Captaine George Kendall Master Robert Hunt - Councell - Preacher Master George Percie Robert Fenton. Dru Pickhouse Benjamin Beast Stephen Halthrop Nathaniell Powell Jeremy Alicock Nicholas Houlgrave William Tanker Edward Brookes George Martin Thomas Gore Anthony Gosnoll Robert Ford Thomas Jacob John Robinson Thomas Sands Edward Brown George Walker Thomas Webbe William Smethes Richard Dixon Anthony Gosnold Francis Midwinter William Laxon Anas Todkill Edward Pising John Capper George Flower William Bruster John Brookes Thomas Mouton Edward Morish Robert Behethland Thomas Studley John Waler Richard Simons John Martin Henry Adling Richard Frith Thomas Emry Captaine Gabriell Archer Edward Harrington Ellis Kingston Ustis Clovill Kellam Throgmorton John Penington Richard Crofts John Short Francis Snarsbrough Roger Cooke Thomas Wotton, Sierg. - Gentlemen Robert Small - Carpenters James Read - Blacksmith Jonas Profit - Sailer •Thomas Couper - Barber John Herd William Garret - Bricklayers Edward Brinto - Mason William Love - Taylor Nicholas Skot - Drum John Laydon William Casson Willam Rods William White George Golding John Dods William Wilkenson, Surgeon George Casson Ould Edward William Johnson Thomas Casson Henry Tavin William Unger - Labourers Samuell Collier James Brumfield Richard Mutton - Boyes Nathaniel Peacock Maps of the Jamestown Settlement Areas • Identify and explain the sources of problems that the Jamestown settlers would have faced in the early years of the colony (1607-1610) including environmental, social, cultural, and/or technological issues. Early Jamestown and ―The Starving Time‖ • Fall 1607: 104 colonists arrived • By spring, 1608: 38 survived • 1609: 300 more immigrants • By spring, 1610: 60 survived • 1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants total • 1624 population: 1,200 • Adult life expectancy: under 40 years • Death rate of children before age 5: 80% • 1. 2. 3. 4. John Smith‘s Depiction of Powhatan—1624 Describe the British views of the indigenous population of the New World contained in John Smith‘s illustration. Conflicts between British colonists and the indigenous population: Starving colonists frequently raided local populations‘ food supplies. Appointed Governor Lord de la Warr carried out Company order to attack locals starting in 1610. First Anglo-Powhatan War ended in 1614 by marriage of John Smith and Pocahontas, but couple returned to England. Second Anglo-Powhatan War (16221644) ended with indigenous population being pushed from area and nearly eradicated. Iroquois Lands and European Trade Centers, ca. 1590–1650 • Why do some historians view the Iroquois Confederacy as an early ‗democratic‘ model? • How might the Iroquois Confederacy seek to maintain cohesion after European arrival? • How did the Iroquois Confederacy grow in power as a result of contact with European colonists? • What roles might the Iroquois Confederacy play in a conflict between France and Britain? Tobacco Production in the Chesapeake Prior to 1710 • How did tobacco production transform the Jamestown colony? • How did tobacco production change the relationship between the colony, the Virginia Company, and the Crown? • • • • 1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco. 1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack,Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco. 1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco. 1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco Settlement Patterns in Virginia—1600-1690 • How did tobacco production affect the settlement patterns of the Virginia colony? Describe the circumstances behind the passing of the Toleration Act of 1649 by Maryland‘s assembly. Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore (1605-1675) •Maryland established as proprietary colony and refuge for Catholics during Charles I‘s reign • like Virginia, tobacco farming formed the backbone of the economy • passed the Toleration Act of 1649 ensuring religious freedoms for Christians with fines for intolerance, but decreed death ―those who deny the divinity of Christ‖ Lesson Summary Be able to address these questions with specific examples (names, dates, events, historical developments)! • How did the British process of colonization in Virginia and Maryland differ from the Spanish model? • How did the new British colonies of the 17th and 18th century impact the lives of indigenous peoples? • Analyze and explain reasons for possible long-term success in the British colonies. Recruitment Advertisement for the Jamestown Colony