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Final Exam
Bio 213
Saunders
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS EXAM. ALL ANSWERS SHOULD BE WRITTEN ON A SCANTRON.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of the following features is unique to them and
helps account for their success?
A) sperm cells without flagella
B) wind pollination
C) embryos enclosed within seed coats
D) fruits enclosing seeds
E) dominant gametophytes
Use the following diagram of a hypothetical food web to answer the question(s) below. The arrows represent the transfer of
energy between the various trophic levels.
2) Which letter represents an organism that could be a producer?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
3) Among plants known as legumes (beans, peas, alfalfa, clover, for example) the seeds are contained in a fruit that
is itself called a legume, better known as a pod. Upon opening such pods, it is commonly observed that some
ovules have become mature seeds, whereas other ovules have not. Thus, which of the following statements is
(are) true?
1. The flowers that gave rise to such pods were not pollinated.
2. Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods.
3. There was apparently not enough endosperm to distribute to all of the ovules in such pods.
4. The ovules that failed to develop into seeds were derived from sterile floral parts.
5. Fruit can develop, even if all ovules within have not been fertilized.
A) 1 and 5
B) 2 and 5
C) 2 and 4
D) 1 only
E) 3 and 5
4) Which of the following statements about phloem unloading at sinks is inconsistent with our current
understanding?
A) Passive transport plays a role.
B) Active transport plays a role.
C) The mechanisms of sucrose movement and the membrane proteins involved vary among different sinks
within a plant.
D) Regardless of the type of sink, the conversion of sucrose to storage compounds such as starch is a major
part of the process.
E) The mechanisms of sucrose movement and the membrane proteins involved vary among different plant
species.
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5) Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these plant traits
originated.
1. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence
2. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence
3. gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence
A) 2 3 1
B) 1 ? 2 3
C) 2 1 3
D) 3 2 1
E) 3 1
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6) During a one-year study, researchers found no difference in treehopper populations in any of their control and
experimental groups. What could they measure during the second year to gain information about why this
might have occurred?
A) Measure the relative sizes of the treehoppers.
B) Measure the relative sizes of different ant species.
C) Measure the relative abundance of jumping spiders.
D) Measure the number of ant females.
7) Which of the following is true of the life cycle of mosses?
A) Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes.
B) The sporophyte generation is dominant.
C) The growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte.
D) The haploid generation grows on the sporophyte generation.
E) Spores are primarily distributed by water currents.
8) At which stage of a basidiomycete's life cycle would reproduction be halted if an enzyme that prevented the
fusion of hyphae was introduced?
A) plasmogamy
B) fertilization
C) meiosis
D) karyogamy
E) germination
9) As an undergraduate research assistant, your duties involve measuring water potential in experimental
soil-plant-atmosphere systems. Assume you make a series of measurements in a system under normal daylight
conditions, with stomata open and photosynthesis occurring. Which of the following correctly depicts the trend
your measurement data should follow if the cohesion-tension mechanism is operating?
A) atmosphere < leaves = roots < soil
B) soil < roots = leaves < atmosphere
C) atmosphere < leaves < roots < soil
D) soil < roots < leaves < atmosphere
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10) After looking at the figure above, what can be said about productivity in this ecosystem?
A) Between 80% and 90% of the energy is lost between most trophic levels.
B) Between 10% and 20% of the energy is lost between most trophic levels.
C) Nothing can be said based on this information.
D) Productivity increases with each trophic level.
11) Two examples of lateral meristems in plants are _____.
A) vascular cambium, producing cork; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem
B) vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing cork
C) vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem
D) vascular cambium, producing secondary phloem; cork cambium, producing secondary xylem
12) You have a plant that naturally exhibits simple leaves, but you would like to change the shape of the leaves
from simple to compound. What gene could you over-express in your plant to induce compound leaf
formation?
A) MONOPTEROS
B) PHANTASTICA
C) Bicoid
D) Sonic Hedgehog
E) Cytoplasmic deteminants
13) According to the pressure-flow hypothesis of phloem transport, _____.
A) the formation of starch from sugar in the sink increases the osmotic concentration
B) water is actively transported into the source region of the phloem to create the turgor pressure needed
C) solute moves from a high concentration in the source to a lower concentration in the sink
D) the pressure in the phloem of a root is normally greater than the pressure in the phloem of a leaf
E) the combination of a high turgor pressure in the source and transpiration water loss from the sink moves
solutes through phloem conduits
14) Imagine that there are twenty-five different species of protists living in a tide pool. Some of these species
reproduce both sexually and asexually, and some of them can reproduce only asexually. The pool gradually
becomes infested with disease-causing viruses and bacteria. Which species are more likely to thrive in the
changing environment?
A) the asexually reproducing species
B) Sexually and asexually reproducing species are equally likely to thrive.
C) the sexually reproducing species
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15) Many plants are capable of responding very rapidly to mechanical stimuli. For instance, Venus Flytraps
respond more quickly than their insect prey can escape. A very mild touch, or a light breeze can cause the
leaves of the Sensitive Plant to close tightly. This rapid transmission of touch is accomplished by
A) Self-propagating changes in membrane potential
B) Efficient, rapid transport of auxin
C) Release of volatile airborne signals
D) Rapid changes in phloem pressure
E) All of the above are employed by these plants.
16) Which of the following statements is consistent with the assertion that protists are paraphyletic?
A) Protists all share a common set of synapomorphies.
B) Some protists evolved into other eukaryotic groups.
C) Protists do not share a single common ancestor.
D) Protists are all more primitive than land plants and animals.
17) A botanist discovers a new species of land plant with a dominant sporophyte, chlorophylls a and b, and cell
walls made of cellulose. In assigning this plant to a phylum, which of the following, if present, would be LEAST
useful?
A) sperm that lack flagella
B) seeds
C) endosperm
D) spores
E) flowers
18) An organic solvent widely used in industrial processes, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) is a major environmental
pollutant affecting human health and damaging the ozone layer. Recently researchers isolated the first bacteria
able to degrade TCA. They found that the bacteria use hydrogen as an electron donor, TCA as electron acceptor,
and acetate as a carbon source. Based on the preceding information, deduce the method used to isolate these
bacteria.
A) enrichment culture
B) Gram staining
C) seeding
D) direct sequencing
19) Which of the following is the strongest evidence that cytokinins regulate cell divisions? There is _____.
A) an ability of cytokinin to interact with auxin at the molecular level and change auxin biosynthesis and
transport
B) a decrease of cyclin gene expression in tissues exposed to cytokinin
C) an induction of root growths in tissues exposed to cytokinin
D) an induction of shoot growths in tissues exposed to cytokinin
E) an increase of cyclin gene expression in tissues exposed to cytokinin
20) In what way do nitrogen compounds differ from other minerals needed by plants? Only nitrogen _____.
A) is needed for protein synthesis
B) can be provided by symbiotic bacteria
C) is held by cation exchange capacity in the soil
D) can be lost from the soil
E) can be absorbed by root hairs
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21) Some birds follow moving swarms of army ants in the tropics. As the ants march along the forest floor hunting
insects and small vertebrates, birds follow and pick off any insects or small vertebrates that fly or jump out of
the way of the ants. What is the result of the association between birds and ants?
A) Neither birds nor ants benefit from the association.
B) Birds benefit from the association but have no impact on the ants.
C) Birds benefit from the association and harm the ants.
D) Birds do not benefit from the association, but the ants do.
E) Birds and ants benefit from the association.
22) What does the ABC model of flower development attempt to explain?
A) why apical meristems are converted to floral meristems in response to specific cell-to-cell signals
B) how different combinations of gene products trigger the formation of different floral organs
C) why the four types of floral organs occur in whorls
D) why petals are found on the inside of the whorl of sepals instead of on the outside
23) Plants contain meristems whose major function is to _____.
A) photosynthesize
B) produce flowers
C) absorb ions
D) produce more cells
E) attract pollinators
24) What group of fungi has the ability to penetrate its host's cell wall, thus increasing the efficiency with which
materials are passed from fungus to host?
A) lichens
B) ectomycorrhizal fungi
C) endophytes
D) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
25) Which of the following conclusions is supported by the research of both Went and Charles and Francis Darwin
on shoot responses to light?
A) Once shoot tips have been cut, normal growth cannot be induced.
B) Agar contains a chemical substance that mimics a plant hormone.
C) Light stimulates the synthesis of a plant hormone that responds to light.
D) A chemical substance involved in shoot bending is produced in shoot tips.
E) When shoots are exposed to light, a chemical substance migrates toward the light.
26) Which of the following should have had gene sequences most similar to the charophyte (stonewort) that was the
common ancestor of the land plants?
A) early angiosperms
B) early gymnosperms
C) early bryophytes
D) early pterophytes
E) early lycophytes
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Use the following diagram to answer the question(s) below.
In this experiment, Balanus was removed from the habitat shown on the left.
27) Which of the following statements is a valid conclusion of this experiment?
A) The removal of Balanus shows that the realized niche of Chthamalus is smaller than its fundamental niche.
B) Balanus is inferior to Chthamalus in competing for space on rocks lower in the intertidal zone.
C) These two species of barnacle do not show competitive exclusion.
F) If Chthamalus were removed, Balanus's fundamental niche would become larger.
D) Balanus can survive only in the lower intertidal zone because it is unable to resist desiccation.
E) The two species of barnacles do not compete with each other because they feed at different times of day.
28) Which of the following occurs in vascular land plants but not charophytes (stoneworts)?
A) sporopollenin
B) cellulose
C) lignin
D) chlorophyll b
E) chlorophyll a
29) While examining a rock surface, you have discovered an interesting new organism. Which of the following
criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya?
A) Cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan.
B) It can survive at a temperature over 100°C.
C) It is unicellular.
D) The lipids in its plasma membrane consist of glycerol bonded to straight-chain fatty acids.
E) The organism does not have nucleus.
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The eight climographs below show yearly temperature (line graph and left vertical axis) and precipitation (bar graph and
right vertical axis) averages for each month for some locations on Earth.
30) Which climograph shows the climate for location 1?
A) A
B) C
C) E
D) G
E) H
31) A flash of red light followed by a flash of far-red light given during the middle of the night to a short-day plant
will likely _____.
A) cause increased flower production
B) inhibit flowering
C) have no effect upon flowering
D) convert florigen to the active form
E) stimulate flowering
32) Why are anionic nutrients generally mobile in soils, and thus easily leached, while cationic nutrients are
relatively immobile?
A) Cations have a stronger tendency to aggregate
B) Cations interact with clay particles and organic materials
C) Anions are repelled from the surfaces of living roots
D) Anions readily form crystals while cations do not
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33) The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _____.
A) green algae
B) kelp (brown alga) that formed large beds near the shorelines
C) photosynthesizing prokaryotes (cyanobacteria)
D) liverworts and mosses
34) According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell
alive, rather than digesting it as food?
A) The engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucose.
B) The host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive.
C) The engulfed cell provided the host cell with carbon dioxide.
D) The host cell would have been poisoned if it had digested the engulfed cell.
E) The engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
35) Strolling in the Sonoran Desert, you come upon a stately Saguaro cactus. The large central “trunks” of this
cactus are covered with numerous smaller spines. The central stalks are modified _________ used for water
storage and spines are modified ______ used for protection.
A) leaf blades; trichomes
B) leaves; leaves
C) stems; fruits
D) petioles; leaf blades
E) stems; leaves
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