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Growth and Development
In this chapter, you will Learn About…
 Adolescence.
 The male reproductive system.
 The female reproductive system.
 Human development.
 Making the most of your teen years.
Adolescence
In this lesson, you will Learn About…
 The influence of the endocrine system on
growth and development.
 The physical, mental/emotional, and social
changes that occur during adolescence.
Adolescence
The Vocabulary terms for this lesson are:
 Adolescence.
 Hormones.
 Endocrine system.
 Metabolism.
 Puberty.
Growing and Changing
During your teen years, you will experience
physical, mental, and emotional changes.
Changes are a normal part of adolescence.
Many of the changes during adolescence
are brought about by hormones, chemical
substances produced in certain glands that
help to regulate the way your body
functions.
The Endocrine System
The hormones that cause the physical
and emotional changes of adolescence
are produced by your endocrine system.
 The endocrine system produces hormones
that go directly into your bloodstream.
 The hormones are then carried to different
parts of the body to control various
functions.
The Endocrine System (cont’d.)
Parathyroid glands
These glands regulate the
levels of calcium and
phosphorous in the blood.
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands
produce hormones
that help regulate
the balance of salt
and water in the
body.
Ovaries (in female)
Hormones produced
in the ovaries control
sexual development
and the maturing
of eggs.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland produces
several hormones that control the
work of other glands and organs.
Thyroid gland
The hormone produced by
the thyroid gland
regulates body growth and
the rate of metabolism.
Pancreas
The pancreas controls the
level of sugar in the blood
and provides the small
intestine with enzymes.
Testes (in male)
The hormone produced
in the testes controls
sexual development
and the production of
sperm.
Physical Development
You may already have noticed some of the
changes that adolescence brings.
Here are some of the physical signs of
puberty:
 Teen boys will find their voices become deeper.
Their muscles develop and their shoulders may
broaden.
 Teen girls will notice changes in their body
shapes.
Physical Development (cont’d.)
• Male hormone
production increases.
• Sudden, rapid growth
occurs.
• All permanent teeth
come into place.
• Acne may appear.
• Underarm hair appears.
• Pubic hair appears.
• Perspiration increases.
• External genitals
enlarge.
• Female hormone
production increases.
• Sudden, rapid growth
occurs.
• All permanent teeth
come into place.
• Acne may appear.
• Underarm hair appears.
• Pubic hair appears.
• Perspiration increases.
• External genitals
enlarge.
Mental Development
During adolescence, you develop more
complex thinking skills and recognize your
responsibilities. You learn to:
 Analyze and solve complicated problems.
 Rely on values to make responsible decisions.
 Recognize that other people have points of
view that differ from yours.
 Realize your power to make choices that can
affect your life.
Emotional Development
The teen years are a time of emotional
changes as well. During adolescence:
 The approval and acceptance of your peers
begins to matter more.
 You may begin to feel attracted to members
of the opposite gender.
 Teens who experience early growth may feel
more mature than their peers.
 Teens who experience later growth may be
worried about looking younger than their
peers.
Emotional Changes
Adolescence may bring on powerful
emotions. You may even experience mood
swings.
Mood swings are a natural part of being a
teen. They are caused by the release of
hormones as well as the changes that you
are going through.
The fluctuations in your emotions are signs
that you are maturing emotionally.
Expressing Your Emotions
No matter what you are feeling, it is
important to express your emotions in
constructive and appropriate ways.
 Try to face feelings of anger, sadness, or
frustration instead of hiding them.
 Tell someone if a problem is bothering you or
if you often feel sad.
 If you are angry or upset with someone, take
time to consider the other person’s point of
view.
Social Development
As you progress through your teen years,
your sense of identity is likely to undergo
major changes.
As a result of these changes, you will
become part of new social groups and be
involved in interests and activities that are
important to you.
The interests and activities that you pursue
in adolescence, your attitudes, and your
values will help shape the type of person
you will become as an adult.
Reviewing Terms and Facts
1. What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical substances produced in
certain glands that help to regulate the way your
body functions.
Reviewing Terms and Facts
2. Describe the influences of the endocrine
system on growth and development.
The endocrine system produces hormones that
go directly into the bloodstream. The hormones
are then carried to different parts of the body to
control various functions, including growth and
development.
Thinking Critically
3. Which of the many changes of
adolescence do you think are most
challenging for teens to cope with?
Explain your choices.
Vocabulary Review
Adolescence is the stage of life between
childhood and adulthood, usually
beginning somewhere between the ages
11 and 15.
Vocabulary Review
Hormones are chemical substances
produced in certain glands that help to
regulate the way your body functions.
Vocabulary Review
The endocrine system consists of glands
throughout the body that regulate body
functions.
Vocabulary Review
Metabolism is the process by which the
body gets energy from food.
Vocabulary Review
Puberty is the time when you develop
physical characteristics of adults of your
own gender.
Fold the sheet of paper
along the long axis, leaving
a 2” tab along the side.
Turn the paper and fold it
into thirds.
Unfold and cut the top layer
along both fold lines. This
makes three tabs.
Label the tabs as shown.
Define key terms and record what you learn about
the changes that take place during adolescence.
Find out whether your choices, attitudes, and
behaviors show that you are preparing for
adulthood by taking the Health Inventory for
Chapter 6 at
http://www.glencoe.com/qe/qe65.php?qi=1500