Download Chapter 14: The Nation Divided

Chapter 14:
The Nation Divided
Pages: 478 - 503
Section 1 – Growing Tensions Over Slavery
• How did the question of admission of new states to the Union
fuel the debate over slavery and states’ rights?
• Why was it important to maintain a balance between free and
slave states?
• How does popular sovereignty give power to the people?
• Why were southern leaders concerned over California being
admitted into the Union?
Wilmot Proviso
• The territory gained through the MexicanAmerican War threatened to destroy the
balance between free and slave states in the
Union.
• The Wilmot Proviso was a proposal that
Congress ban slavery in all territory that
might become part of the United States as a
result of the Mexican-American War.
• Many supporters of slavery viewed the
Wilmot Proviso as an attack on slavery by
the North.
Why was it important to maintain a balance
between free and slave states?
Popular Sovereignty
• Popular sovereignty allowed people living in a specific
territory or state to vote directly on issues, rather than
having their elected representatives decide.
How does popular sovereignty give
power to the people?
Free-Soil Party
• The Free-Soil Party called for the territory gained in the
Mexican-American War to be “free soil,” a place where
slavery was banned.
California Free or Not?
• If California was admitted into
the Union as a free state, it would
upset the balance between free
and slave states in the Senate.
• Southern leaders began to
threaten secession, or to
withdraw, from the nation if
California was admitted to the
Union as a free state.
Why were southern leaders concerned over
California being admitted into the Union?
Section 2 – Compromises Fail
• What was the Compromise of 1850, and why did it fail?
• Why were southern leaders concerned over California being admitted
into the Union?
• Who would have supported the Compromise of 1850 and why?
• Who would have supported the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and why?
• Why did some many people from both pro-slavery and antislavery
groups flock to Kansas?
Compromise
of 1850
• The North supported the
Compromise of 1850, because
the compromise admitted
California into the Union as a
free state and banned the slave
trade in the nation’s capital.
• The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
allowed special government
officials to arrest any person
accused of being a runaway
slave.
Why were southern leaders concerned over
California being admitted into the Union?
Who would have supported the Compromise
of 1850 and why?
Fugitive Slave Act
of 1850
• People accused of being a runaway
slave had no right to a trial to prove
that they had been falsely accused.
• Only evidence that was needed was a
slaveholder or white witness to swear
that the suspect was the slaveholder’s
property.
• The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 also
required northern citizens to help
capture accused runaway slaves if
authorities requested assistance.
Who would have supported the
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and why?
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a novel about the evils of slavery.
Americans started to see slavery not just a political issue, but
a moral issue too.
Date
Sales
June 5, 1851 – April 1, 1852
A serial publication in the National Era magazine has a circulation of about 8,000
March 20, 1852 – April 1, 1852
The first printing of 5,000 copies of Uncle Tom’s Cabin sells out in two weeks.
April 2, 1852 – April 15, 1852
The second printing of 5,000 copies of Uncle Tom’s Cabin also sells out in two
weeks.
May 1852
Sales of the first edition reach 50,000
September 1852
Sales of the first edition reach 75,000
October 1852
Sales of the first edition reach 100,000
Holiday season, 1852
3,000 copies of a special illustrated edition are sold
January 1853
30,000 copies are sold of a new “Edition for the Million”
February 1853
The first foreign language version is printed in German
1852
Another 100,000 copies of a special edition printed in England are sold
Early, 1853
Sales of various editions reach 310,000
End of 1853
Sales reach 1 million worldwide
Stephen Douglas
• Stephen Douglas wanted to develop the Nebraska Territory
to establish railroads from his home state of Illinois through
the Nebraska Territory to the Pacific Coast.
Bleeding Kansas
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act was a new policy that allowed the people
within the territories to decide on the issue of slavery through popular
sovereignty.
• Both pro-slavery and antislavery settlers flocked to Kansas within
weeks after the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
• Each side was determined to hold the majority in the territory when it
came time to vote.
• A mini civil war broke out between bands of pro-slavery and
antislavery supporters. Both groups terrorized those who did not
support their views.
Why did some many people from both proslavery and antislavery groups flock to
Kansas?
Section 3 – The Crisis Deepens
• Why did the Lincoln-Douglas debated and John Brown’s raid increase
tensions between the North and South?
• What was the main goal of the Republican Party in the mid-1800’s?
• What did the Supreme Court decide in the Dred Scott decision?
• Who was Abraham Lincoln’s rival and what did they disagree on?
• Why did Stephen Douglas support popular sovereignty?
• Who was John Brown and what was his goal?
• What happened at Harpers Ferry in Virginia?
The Republican Party
• A new political party split from the Whig Party in 1854. The
new political party was called the Republican Party, its
main goal was to stop the spread of slavery into the western
territories.
What was the main goal of the
Republican Party in the mid-1800’s?
Dred Scott
• Dred Scott was an enslaved person who had once been
owned by a United States Army doctor.
• With the help of antislavery lawyers, Dred Scott sued for his
freedom. He argued that he was free because he had lived
where slavery was illegal.
Dred Scott’s Court Case
• Chief Justice Roger B. Taney wrote
the decision for the Supreme Court.
The Court decided Dred Scott was
not a free man, for two reasons.
• First, Dred Scott had no right to sue
in federal court because African
Americans were not citizens.
• Second, living in free territory did
not make an enslaved person free.
Slaves were property and property
rights were protected by the United
States Constitution.
What did the Supreme Court decide
in the Dred Scott decision?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Abraham Lincoln returned to
politics embracing the Republican
cause and opposing the KansasNebraska Act.
• Abraham Lincoln’s long-time rival
was Illinois Senator Stephen
Douglas, the author of the KansasNebraska Act.
• Abraham Lincoln challenged Stephen
Douglas to a series of public debates
on slavery, which became known as
the Lincoln-Douglas Debates.
Who was Abraham Lincoln’s rival and what
did they disagree on?
Stephen Douglas and
Popular Sovereignty
• Stephen Douglas strongly defended
popular sovereignty to determine the
policy of slavery in the new territories.
• At the end of the debates, Douglas won
the Senate election against Lincoln.
However, the debates made Lincoln
known throughout the country.
Why did Stephen Douglas support
popular sovereignty?
John Brown’s Raid
• John Brown was an abolitionist who developed an idea to free the
slaves in the South. John Brown’s plot was to raise an army and free
people in the South who were enslaved.
• In 1859, John Brown and his supporters attacked the town of Harpers
Ferry in Virginia. His goal was to seize guns the United States Army
stored there.
• John Brown and his supporters gained control of the guns, but were
surrounded by United States troops. Ten of Brown’s supporters were
killed and John Brown was wounded and captured.
• On December 2nd, 1859, the state of Virginia hanged John Brown for
treason.
Who was John Brown and what was
his goal?
What happened at Harpers Ferry in
Virginia?
Section 4 – The Coming of the Civil War
• Why did the election of Abraham Lincoln spark the secession
of southern states?
• What political party split in 1860?
• How did the South respond to the election of 1860?
• What new nation was established from the results of the
election of 1860?
• Where was the first battle of the American Civil War?
• What is a civil war?
A Nation Divided
• By 1860, the long and
bitter debate over slavery
had left the nation
seriously divided.
• Southern Democrats
wanted the party to support
slavery in the territories,
but northerners refused to
do so. In the end, the
Democrat Party split in
two.
What political party split in 1860?
1860 Election
Results
• In the election of 1860,
Abraham Lincoln, Republican
candidate, won in every free
state.
• John Breckinridge, the
Southern Democrat candidate,
won all the slave-holding
states except four.
• Abraham Lincoln only won
40% of the popular vote, but
won enough electoral votes to
win the election.
Secession
• Southerners felt that the South no
longer had a voice in the national
government.
• South Carolina was the first
southern state that decided to
secede from the Union.
• Six more states would follow
South Carolina and secede from
the Union. The seven southern
states that seceded established a
new nation called the
Confederate States of America.
How did the South respond to the election
of 1860?
What new nation was established from the
results of the election of 1860?
Fort Sumter
• The first standoff between the two nations would be at Fort Sumter.
Fort Sumter was a fort located on an island in the harbor of Charleston,
South Carolina.
• Fort Sumter was held by the Union, but in the territory of the new
Confederate States of America. The fort’s commander would not
surrender the fort to the South, and President Lincoln did not want to
give up the fort.
• The Confederate leaders decided to capture the fort, and on April 12th,
1861, the first battle of the American Civil War began.
• A civil war is a war between opposing groups of citizens of the same
country.
Where was the first battle of the
American Civil War?
What is a civil war?