Download Aim: What were the characteristics of the world*s first civilization?

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Unit Essential
Question: What distinct
characteristics did the
early civilizations and
empires of the Middle
East and Egypt
develop?
Aim: What were the characteristics of the world’s
first civilization?
Do Now: Review from last unit –
Based on the elements of civilization, how would you set up your own
civilization, knowing it’s the first in the world?
1. What two rivers
run through the
Fertile Crescent?
Tigris & Euphrates
Rivers
2. Which two river
valley civilizations
are shown on this
map?
Egypt & Mesopotamia
3. In what present
day country is
Mesopotamia
located?
Iraq
+ Ancient Mesopotamia Map
Know your geography of the Ancient Middle
East by locating major geographic locations
and features.
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA (3200 B.C.)
“land in between the rivers”
Why was this a perfect place for the 1st civilization?
1. Fertile Crescent - large arc of fertile land in
the Middle East
2. Tigris & Euphrates Rivers made it possible for
farming
3. Cattle, pigs, goats & sheep were accessible
WHAT CHALLENGES DID PEOPLE FACE IN
MESOPOTAMIA?
1. Unpredictable floods destroyed
crops, homes & people
2. Some areas were marshy and
unsuitable for farming
3. This land was vulnerable to
attack and invasion
Religions have attempted to build their sanctuaries on
prominent heights. Since no such natural heights were
available in the flat flood plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq),
ancient priests and kings determined to build ziggurats, square
or rectangular artificial stepped temple platforms. Functionally,
temples were placed on raised platforms to give them
prominence over other buildings in a city, and to allow more
people to watch the services performed at the temple.
Symbolically, however, the ziggurat represents the cosmic
mountain on which the gods dwell. The priests ascent up the
stairway to the temple at the top of the ziggurat represents the
ascent to heaven. The great ziggurat at Khorsabad, for
example, had seven different stages; each was painted a
different color and represented the five known planets, the
moon, and the sun.
WHAT DOES THIS PASSAGE REVEAL ABOUT THE
RELIGIOUS BELIEF OF PEOPLE IN MESOPOTAMIA?
ZIGGURATS – a pyramidtemple that soared towards
the heavens
Zoroastrian - one of the world's
oldest monotheistic religions. It
was founded by the Prophet
Zoroaster in ancient Iran
approximately 3500 years ago
BABYLONIAN ZIGGURAT
Why was
Mesopotamia
named the
“cradle of
civilization”?
The Arch
Ziggurat
City-States/Kings
Written Laws
Cuneiform/Writing
Wheel
Games
Achievements
Sailboat
Irrigation
Plow
Mathematics
Music
Medicine
Organized Armies
Metalwork
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Epic of Gilgamesh

The Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh dates from about 2000 B.C. It
is a collection of tales about a hero named Gilgamesh.
THE MANY PEOPLE OF MESOPOTAMIA:
1. Sumerians (ancient Sumer’s city-states)
(3200 B.C. - 1800 B.C.)
2. Babylonians (Babylonian Empire)
( 1800 B.C. - 1200 B.C.
3. Assyrians (Assyrian Empire)
(1200 B.C. - 539 B.C.)
4. Persians (Persian Empire)
(539 B.C. - 330 B.C.)
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The Epic of Gilgamesh
1.
2.
Individually read and annotate the Epic of
Gilgamesh
With a partner look for traces of Sumerian
culture and history within the Epic
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Let’s Summarize…
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AIM: What can we learn about Babylonia
from Hammurabi’s Code?
Do Now: Create three of the most ruthless (but
fair) laws that you can think of.
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*Invasion and conquest were prominent features in the
history of the Ancient Middle East
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Babylonian Empire
[2000 BCE – 1680 BCE]
Nomadic warriors overtook the
Sumerians
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Who was Hammurabi?
•
Member of the
Amorite dynasty
•
King of Babylon
from 1792-1750 BCE
•
United all of
Mesopotamia under
the Babylonian
Empire
Relief of Hammurabi and the
god Shamash
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Hammurabi’s Code
282
Laws for Babylonian society
Tool
to unify expanding empire
“That
the strong might not injure
the weak”
Allowed
rules
everyone to know the
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What does it look like?
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Loss and Unearthing
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Evaluation of Evidence
We
To
must evaluate all evidence
evaluate evidence, we ask:
Why is a document useful?
What are its limitations?
What other information do we
need?
Central Historical
Question
What can we learn about
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Babylonia from
Hammurabi’s Code?
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Let’s Summarize…
Agree or disagree… “an
eye for an eye, a life for a
life.” Explain.
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Aim: What happened during Sennacherib’s
siege of Jerusalem?
Do Now: What is happening in Jerusalem today? Do you
think it relates back to ancient times? How?
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Wall Carving from Assyrian Palace
Source: Carving on the wall of an ancient Assyrian palace showing Assyrian
warriors attacking the Judean city of Lachish. The battle was part of Assyrian
King Sennacherib’s final military campaign. This event occurred in 701 BCE.
Historians date this carving from approximately 700 BCE.
Assyrian Empire
900-600 BCE
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Assyrian Military
Assyrian Archers and Battering Ram
Palace Wall Carving, 865-860 BCE
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Assyrian Empire
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Assyrian Artifacts
The Destruction of Susa, 647 BCE
Assyrians Taking Cedar from
Lebanon, 716-713 BCE
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Assyrian Scribes
Assyrian Scribes Record Battle Victory
Palace of King Sennacherib, 700-692 BCE
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King Sennacherib
 Ruled
705-681 BCE
 Used
military force
against revolts
 Led
campaign against
a rebellion in Judah
 Conquered
several
Judean cities
 Attacked
King Hezekiah
in the city of Jerusalem
Palace Carving of King Sennacherib
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Corroboration
What
do other artifacts show us?
Do the artifacts agree? If not, why?
What are other possible artifacts?
What artifacts are most reliable?
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Two Sources
The Book of Kings
The Sennacherib Prism
Central Historical Question
What happened during
Sennacherib’s siege of
Jerusalem?
Investigate through Corroboration Activity
1. Read document A and in small group answer guiding
questions for A.
2. In same group, read document B and answer guiding
questions.
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Aim: What achievements did the Persians and
Phoenicians contribute to the ancient world?
Do Now: Analyze a map of the Persian Empire at its extent
and hypothesize why the empire was so successful and vast.
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The Rise of Persia
 The
Persians based their empire on
tolerance and diplomacy. They relied on a
strong military to back up their policies.
 Ancient
Persia is where Iran is today.
 Largest
empire seen yet.
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The Persian Empire Vocab
– Persian kings accepted the people they
conquered
 Tolerance
– province, which had to pay taxes based on its
resources and wealth
 Satrap
economy – exchanging one set of goods and
services for another
 Barter
economy – goods and services are paid through
the exchange of some toke of an agreed value
 Money
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Cyrus the Great
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Primary Source
 “This
is the word of Cyrus king of Persia: The
Lord, God of heaven has given me all the
kingdoms of the earth, and he himself has
charged me to build him a house at Jerusalem in
Judah. To every man of his people now among
you I say, God be with him, and let him go up to
Jerusalem in Judah, and rebuild the house of
the Lord God of Israel, the God whose city is
Jerusalem.”
 What
type of ruler was Cyrus based on this
quote?
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Darius
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Persian Empire, 500 BC
List the continents the Persian Empire reached by 500 BCE
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The Royal Road
 1,677
 111
miles long
relay stations
 Other
smaller roads branched off the royal road
 Relay
stations had rest areas and fresh horses.
 The
entire royal road could be traveled in a week
by a horsemen
 Caravans
took about a month
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How would the royal road enable a ruler
to maintain power in the empire?
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The Phoenicians
 Sailors
and traders
 Occupied
string of cities along the eastern
Mediterranean coast (Syria and Lebanon)
 Set
up colonies from North Africa to Sicily
 Contribution:
our alphabet
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Let’s Summarize…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sohX
Px_XZ6Y