Download Historical evolution of international system/society II

Introduction to International
Relations
Wang Mengdi
Luo Li
Zhang Xiaozhou
Chapter 4: From the End of the Cold
War to a New Global Era
--From 2000 to present
Actors in international society after 2000
• Traditional power
 Rise and decline
 Major issues
• Rising power
 Current and future
The new global era
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The fall of the cold war
The US and the foreign policy
Russia ——Putin administration
Europe: rise and decline
A new Asian century and a new global South
From 9/11 to the Arab Spring
Obama and the world
The fall of the cold war
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End: 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed.
The mislead of Gorbachev
Soviet economic problem
Drastic changes in eastern Europe
The fall of the Berlin Wall
Gorbachev announced his
resignation in a televised
speech
The US and the foreign policy
-Hyperpower and unipolar——dominant
position of US
-Clinton administration
-Foreign policy
-NATO and G8
Foreign policy of US
• Bill Clinton administration
-concentrated in the main on economic issues and using America’s economic power to
reinforce its position in the international system
• George W. Bush administration
- support for a stronger economic and political relationship with Latin America, and a
reduction of involvement in "nation building" and other small-scale military
engagements
• Barack Obama administration
-a decidedly cautious foreign policy leader
- bin laden was killed
-rethinking US’s position in the wider world
- Power is still and will in the hands of the United States for a long time
Russia ——Putin administration
Anyone who does not regret the passing of
the Soviet Union has no heart.
Anyone who wants it restored has no
brains.
Domestic and foreign
Power & control
• federal subjects of Russia
• sovereign democracy
• Economic
- newly privatized Russian
economy
- newly wealthy
International relations
• With US and NATO
• With post-Soviet states
• With South and East Asia
Obama and the world
• Barack Obama was elected in 2008
-during the economic crisis and the decline of US prestige
• Obama and the economic policy
-Stimulus
-U.S. automobile industry support
-Trends in employment
-Banking regulation
• Obama and the foreign policy
-Bring US troops home from Iraq and Afghanistan
-Bring the US back on the road to recovery and restore US
standing in the world
-Return to the Asia
Who dominating the world?
• In the early years of post-cold war
-The military power and capability
• Nowadays
-the economic power
Chapter 5: Rising Powers and the
Emerging Global Order
Europe after the cold war
1.A divided continent and country became united;
2.States of Eastern Europe achieved the right of selfdetermination.
3. The threat of serious war for Europe was eliminated.
What kind of Europe it would be？
• French: independent from the USA
• Elites: closely tied to the USA
• Build a united states of Europe
• National difference (nation-states) should be realized
• Sovereignty should be guarded.
What actually happened to Europe?
• Economic strategy:
Social model——a strategy that favored state involvement in the
management of market.
Free market：a strategy that required economic reform
• European integration:
The Europe Union and NATO helped to shape part of Europe and
prevent anarchy in Europe.
• Foreign policy :
Civilian power/ soft power , not a military actor.
Europe in the international system
• Retaining softer power instead of hard power.
(Only the UK and France maintained military capability)
• Market capacity became larger even than that
of the US.
• The Europe continued to hold together
Ex : Financial crisis in 2008 ,rising debt, increasing
unemployment, declining competitiveness between countries.
Asia after the cold war
• Revolutions, wars, and insurgencies in East
Asia during the cold war.——Volatile
• Powerful communist parties in power——
North Korea, Vietnam, China.
• Territorial disputes——Korea(divided)
• Impacts of the former USSR
China, North Korea ,choose to draw their own
lessons
China—A new economic power house
• “peaceful rise” of economic
(China’s peaceful development)
• Prosperity coexists with intensions
Ex: Issue of South China Seas
When new powers rises, the balance of power
changes, the instability follows.
The global south
• Economic reform in countries marked the end
of the Third world.
• Basic needs of developing countries still
couldn’t be met.
• Burden of debt due to wars despite of the
economic conditions
Ex: 2007, pay $13 for every $1 received in aid.
9/11
Date : 2001/9/11
Leader: Bin Laden
Effects:
1. It rose the attention of terrorism, marked a big
turning point of modern international relations——
Threat from dangerous weapons of mass destruction
2. It made foreign policy more militarized
Ex: US military spending doubled between 2001 and
2009.
3.Military capability and power are essential to secure
a country.
The Arab Spring
• Date: 17 December 2010 – December 2012
• Location : North Africa, Middle East, Arab world
• Causes : 2010 energy crisis, Demographic structural
factors, unemployment, inflation, political corruption,
etc.
• Goals: democracy, free elections, economic freedom,
human rights, employment.
A new global era?
Note :
• Volatile regions still exist.
• This world still remain deeply unequal.
• The underdeveloped countries are playing
increasingly vital roles in the world system.(India,
China, Brazil )——New rising powers.
Chapter 5: Rising Powers and the
Emerging Global Order
outline
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Introduction
The background and impetus of rising
Typical example – the BRICs
Does the Third Word/ global South belong to
rising power?
• Challenges within/with rising power and
future outlook
Introduction
• Definition (A rising power refers to a nation or a union of
nation is undergoing a stage of going up/rising, and
accordingly has started to increase their presence in global
affairs.)
• Characteristics (strong economies, emerge as unified
forces, political appeals, dissatisfaction with current order)
• Difference of rising power and emerging
power
Background &Impetus
• Turning point : economic crisis in 2008
• Decline of America’s unique hegemony (clash
of civilization, 911, economic crisis, resistance
to values)
• Unequal world order and boom of functional
institutions
• Public issues, increasing global responsibilities
• National interests (prestige, security, political
voice)
the BRICs
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Introduction
Current position (economic graphs/ statistics)
Advantages
Challenges
• Question: A primary competitor to USA? New
threat to global South?
*World Bank, http://data.worldbank.org/country/united-states?view=chart, login time 2017.4.10
GDP proportion in
globe of main
powers
*Source: howmuch.net
The Third World
• Still exist and not disappear
• Gap between the third world rising powers
like the BRICs
Question：Will a new pattern of relations with
rising powers (BRICs)?
Challenge & Outlook
• Internal challenges
• External challenges
• Outlook: act as unifying force (but China?),
pose pressure on America with limited
effectiveness, economic level- political level.
summary
• Rising power & emerging global order
• Three problems of rising powers put forward
by Andrew Hurrell
 Power shifts to?
What is power?
Power for what?
• Potential > current
Discussion
• How long will unipolar moment endure?
• Is the conflict between the US and China
inevitable?
谢谢！
Thank you very much!
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