Download Chapter 9: development

CHAPTER 9:
DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT BASICS
 Development: the process of improving material conditions of
people through dif fusion of knowledge and technology.
 Continuous process (never-ending)
 MDC’s (developed countries) vs. LDC’s (developing countries)
 Where are MDC’s/LDC’s?
 Clustering of LDC’s & MDC’s in spaces
 Why are some areas more developed?
 Economic, social, & demographic indicators
 Scale of economic downturn af fects ALL countries
 Scale of global “recession” shows connections
 Globalization of economy combined with recession has encourage
local diversity
DEVELOPMENT BASICS
 UN Millennium Development Goals :
1 End poverty & hunger
2 Universal primary education
3 Promote gender equality & empower women
4 Reduce child mortality
5 Improve maternal health
6 Combat disease
7 Ensure environmental sustainability
8 Develop a global partnership for development
KI #1: WHY DOES DEVELOPMENT VARY
AMONG COUNTRIES?
 Human Development Index (HDI): economic, social, &
demographic indicators
 Economic Indicators of Development
 GDP per capita
 Types of Jobs
 Primary
 Secondary
 Tertiary
 Productivity
 Consumer Goods
 Social Indicators of Development
 Education & Literacy
 Health & Welfare
 Demographic Indicators of Development
 Life Expectancy, Infant Mortality, NIR, CBR
KI #2: WHERE ARE MDC’S & LDC’S
DISTRIBUTED?
 North-South Split (30°N)
 More Developed Regions





N. America
Europe
Russia
Japan
Oceania
 Less Developed Regions







Latin America
E. Asia
SW Asia & N. Africa
SE Asia
Central Asia
S. Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
KI #3: WHERE DOES LEVEL OF
DEVELOPMENT VARY BY GENDER?
 Gender-Related Development Index
 Economic Indicator of Gender Differences
 Social Indicators of Gender Differences
 Demographic indicator of Gender Differences
 Gender Empowerment
 Economic Indicators of Empowerment
 Political Indicators of Empowerment
KI #4: WHY DO LDC’S FACE OBSTACLES
TO DEVELOPMENT?
 Development Through Self -Sufficiency
 Elements of Self-Sufficiency
 Problems with Self-Sufficiency
 Development Through International Trade
 Rostow’s Development Model
 International Trade Approach
 Problems with ITA
 International Trade Approach Triumphs
 World Trade Organization
 Foreign Direct Investment
 Financing Development
 Loans
 Structural Adjustment Programs
 Fair Trade
 Producer Standards
 Worker Standards