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FORUM: Environment Commission (2nd Committee) QUESTION OF: Measures to prevent the loss of marine biodiversity as a result of human exploitation SUBMITTED BY: France THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION 2, Alarmed by human exploitation acts such as overfishing, and climate change, and the introduction of alien species, causing a significant decrease in marine biodiversity and firmly convinced poisonous pollutants like agrochemicals, metals, acids and phenol cause mortality (if present in a high concentration) and affect the reproductive functionality of fish, Reaffirming the presence and contributions of the 7th UN Millennium Development Goal, Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) agreement under the supervision of the World Trade Organization (WTO), European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EUETS) and Cartagena protocol on biosafety (CPB), Acknowledging the resolutions passed by the UN regarding the issue of marine biodiversity, such as Oceans and the Law of the Sea (A/RES/69/245), conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (A/RES/69/292) and the development of an international legally-binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (Document A/69/922), 1. Suggests policymakers in relevant nations to invest money to: a) record relevant information about areas in risk of biodiversity loss and using this information in ways such as: i. mapping areas requiring the most attention ii. developing more Marine Bioregional Plans to help ensure that marine environments remain healthy by designating biodiversity objectives and identifying priorities and strategies to address these priorities and supporting informed decision making that will affect marine areas and promote the sustainable use of the marine environment and its resources b) prioritize investments on research in order to develop areas to restore the health of marine ecosystems in areas jeopardized by habitat and species loss such as: i. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), such as sanctuaries, fisheries management areas, state conservation areas, and wildlife refuges which will help protect habitats and endangered species, and help support the restoration of marine ecosystems ii. Marine Reserves, or sites that provide ecosystem protection by forbidding habitat-altering activities such as fishing iii. sanctuaries, fisheries management areas, state conservation areas, wildlife refuges, and any other areas designed to restore health of marine species c) conduct and fund research projects leading to events such as but not limited to: i. releasing information from research to the public to increase awareness of the populations wrongful methods of living which affect the marine life ii. educating the public of methods to help preserve the environment such as but not limited to recycling, reusing and composting and using green supplies iii. providing the public with enterprise to carry out green actions in ways such as supporting green technology and goods by decreasing taxes on production and sale as well as advertising the products as government approved; 2. Recommends More Economically Developed Countries (MEDCs) to take actions towards a greener society in relevant NGOs and frameworks mentioned in the resolution in ways such as but not limited to: a) legislating and enforcing stricter limits directed towards industries by ensuring that chemical/industrial waste goes to Waste Management facilities that will dispose of the waste to create clean and renewable energy b) applying fines on land use and development actions that cause disturbance to or destruction towards the marine life such as overfishing c) ensuring that chemical/industrial waste goes to Waste Management facilities that will dispose of the waste to create clean and renewable energy d) releasing all the results of court approved research on the impact of coastal development to the public so that the information is accessible and genuine; 3. Encourages member states to facilitate the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on the conservation of biological diversity in equitable sharing of benefits from shared information of practices as the practical tool for translating the principles of Agenda 21 and the Rio Earth Summit in order to: a) promote enhancement of the conservation efforts to the economic goal of using biological resources sustainably for the protection of: i. ecosystems ii. species iii. genetic resources b) nationally adopt the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in order to enhance the domestic policy development for biodiversity protection c) prevent excessive exploitation of oceanic sources in accordance with the United Nations Conventions on the Laws of the Sea (UNCLOS); 4. Urges the enforcement of compensation plans and subsidies implementing the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) agreement under the supervision of the World Trade Organization (WTO) towards the fishing and seafood industries in order to protect the loss of marine biodiversity and decrease the rate of over fishing to promote the conservation and sustainability of fishery by: a) encouraging financial contributions by a government or any public body b) transferring funds directly to private sectors c) utilizing Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) for subsidy negotiations d) setting General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to decrease over fishery through the market transaction; 5. Recommends the establishments of campaigns to enhance awareness between public and private sectors regarding the economic financial and social benefits of coral reef preservation and protection to civil societies, government policy makers, and individuals through educating the relevant social acquisitions such as, but not limited to: a) fishery industries by increasing the population dynamics of fish through the protection and preservation of coral reefs which positively impacts oceanic fish by: i. the formation and increase of nurseries ii. enhancing feeding ground dependence iii. bedding locations b) tourism industries through commercialization of coral reef based tourism c) coastal Protection under Disaster Risk Management (DRM) for prevention of and decreased effects of natural disasters; 6. Further recommends member nations and local officials to take responsibility of providing marine information to the locals as a source to aide them in making decisions in ways such as but not limited to, a) establishing a research institute with funds provided by government or NGOs to conserve marine biodiversity and collect information on marine life through regularly monitoring water quality in their coastal communities in ways such as, but not limited to: i. testing waters for pollution ii. testing effects of chemicals produced by each locality iii. photographing fouled areas b) utilizing as much recycled materials to build the research institute in an environmentally friendly way monitored by local officials c) alerting the general population about marine biodiversity loss in ways such as utilising social media, campaigns and recommended education course in secondary schools to outline the causes and effects of actions taken that affect marine biodiversity, instill a sense of responsibility towards the environment in citizens, and educate people on how to prevent marine biodiversity loss by making major or minor changes.