Download Ch. 9 Heat and States of Matter!

Ch. 9 Heat and States
of Matter!
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Ch. 9 Sections 1-2
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Temperature= measure of the average kinetic
energy of its particles
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But what is kinetic energy?
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Kinetic energy= particles in matter are moving
at different speeds in all directions; anything
in motion has kinetic energy
Temperature
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Thermal energy= the sum of the kinetic and
potential energies
Thermal energy
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The kinetic energy increases as molecules
move faster
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The potential energy increases as the
moleculs move farther apart
Think about this…
Heat
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Heat= thermal energy that flows from
something at a higer temperature to
something at a lower temperature
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*Heat always flows from a warm material to a
cool mateiral
Ice cream!
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Thermal energy flows from warmer liquid
ingredients to the cooler ice and salt mixture.
The energy lost became cold enough to freeze
and the ice and salt absorbed thermal energy
causing some of the ice to melt.
Example…how does ice
cream become cold???
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Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma!
Ch. 9 Sec. 2: States of
Matter
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Particles are packed closely together and
vibrate in place.
Fixed volume and shape.
Solids
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Particles slide past each other
Takes the shape of their container
Partile forces are weaker than a solid but
stronger than a gas
Have definite voluem but no definite shape
(since they take the shape of their container)
Liquids
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Gas
Particles farther apart
Attractive force are weak
No definite shape or volume
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Matter consisting of positive and gatively
charged particles
No shape or volume
Results from collisions between particles
moving at high speeds
Examples= stars, lightning bolt, neon and
fluorescent tubes, auroras
Plasma
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Matter can change from one state to another by
melting, freezing, boiling, vaporizing,
condensing, etc.
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For example, freezing is when a _________ goes
to a _____________.
Changing states of matter
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When a ________ goes to a _________.
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Ice water
As temperature increases, particles move
faster (since they’re getting farther apart).
Energy (heat) is required for particles to slip
out of the solid arrangment to a weaker,
liquid arrangment.
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Melting
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Only associated with liquids
Boiling point= temperature at which the
pressure of the vapor in the liquid is equal to
the external pressure acting on its surface
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This is a kind of VAPORIZATION
changing liquid to gas
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This is why if you leave water boiling too long,
you will have no water left 
Boiling