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Chapter 4
Plants
5th Grade Science
Plants
• Plants make their own _____.
This process is
food
called ___________
photosynthesis and takes place in their
leaves
__________.
cells
• Leaves are _______
made of _____
and
organs
tissues
_________.
• Layers of similar _______
make up the
cells
tissues
_______
in the leaf.
• Plant tissues are very similar to animal tissues.
Photosynthesis
• _______________
is the process that plants
Photosynthesis
use to make sugar for food.
chloroplasts
• Photosynthesis happens in the ___________
which are located in plant cells.
Carbon dioxide
• In photosynthesis ____________
and
________
are used to make _________
and
water
sugar
____________.
oxygen
• ___________
supplies the energy needed for
Sunlight
photosynthesis.
Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis
• Carbon dioxide + water → oxygen + sugar
• The plant gets water from the _______
and
soil
stomata
carbon dioxide through the ________
which
are small pores on the underside of leaves.
• Once the plant makes the sugar it is
transported to all of the ______
in the plants
cells
including the roots.
Sugar
• Plants use some of the sugar immediately as
_______
to continue the process of
energy
photosynthesis
____________
during the day.
• Some sugar is _______
to use at night.
stored
• Thousands of sugars combine in plant cells to
form ________.
cellulose
• ________
is a chemical that makes up the
Cellulose
strong _______
Cell walls of plants.
Chlorophyll
• Inside of the chloroplasts are structures that
look like plates called __________.
chlorophyll
pigment
• Chlorophyll contains a ________
that gives the
plant its color.
• The function of the chlorophyll is to absorb
_________from
the sun in the chloroplast.
energy
• __________
gives the cell energy to make
Sunlight
sugar from ___________
Carbon dioxide and ________.
water
Stems
support
• Stems provide ________
for the plant and
hold the leaves and flowers.
Vascular
• __________
plants have stems have a
transport system just like the _____________
Circulatory system
in the human body.
• The tissues in plant stems that transport
xylem
materials are __________
and ________.
phloem
Xylem and Phloem
Xylem
• ________
- are tissues that carry materials
from the roots to the leaves.
roots
– The _______
soak up the water from the soil.
_______
Phloem - are tissues in the shape of tubes that
carry sugar away from the leaves.
water
-The sugar from plants is dissolved in _______.
bark Dead
-In trees, phloem is made below the ____.
phloem makes the bark.
Roots
Roots
• ___________
- anchor the plant into the
ground and hold it in place as it grows.
• Root systems:
Taproot
– ___________
- a large root that grows straight
food
down. Taproots may store _______
for the plant.
Small roots may grow sideways out of the main
taproot.
Fibrous root systems - many roots grow out in all
– ________________
directions.
Root Tip
• Roots grow longer because of special
_________
near the root tip.
tissues
Root Tip
• At the __________,
cells quickly divide and
form new cells.
cells
• The new ______
push the root further into
the ground.
absorb
• Roots also _______
water for the plant.
Functions of Roots
anchor
store
• Roots _________
a plant and may _______
food.
water
minerals
• Roots absorb ______
and ________
or
___________
from the soil.
nutrients
• The materials that are taken in from the soil
are used in the processes of ___________,
photosynthesis
growth
maintenance
reproduction
________,
____________,
and ____________
Parts of a Plant
Parts of a Flower
stamen
• _______
- male part of a flower
• __________
- a grainy yellow powder is made
pollen
in the stamen.
stamens
• A single flower may have many_________.
• ________
- female part of a flower.
pistil
pistil
• _______
often has a wide bottom an a narrow
neck
pistil
• A single flower may have more than one ____.
Flowers
• _______________
- do not have both a stamen
Imperfect Flowers
and a pistil.
Perfect Flowers
• _______________
- flowers with both male and
female parts.
Composite Flowers
• _______________
- one flower unit is made up of
hundreds of tiny flowers
Pollination - the moving of pollen from the stamen
• ________
to the pistil.
Pollination
– ____________
- can involve the stamen and pistil of
the same plant or two different plants
Pollination
• Pollination takes place in different ways.
• _______
or ______
can move pollen.
wind
water
• ________,
_____,
or ________
moving from
insects
bats
birds
plant to plant can transport pollen.
• Some plant species are only pollinated in one
way while others can be pollinated in different
ways.
Pollination of a Pea Plant
pollen
• 1. Pollen sticks to the _________
at the end
pistil
of the ________.
pistil
• 2. Pollen tubes grow down the _______
to
the __________.
Egg cell
• 3. _________
from the pollen move down the
Sperm
tubes.
Fertilization
• 4. ___________
combines the DNA of both
plants
Pollination / Parts of a flower
Seeds
• A seed is made of three main parts:
– ____________
Seed coat
embryo
– ____________
endosperm
– ____________
The __________
is a covering that protects the new
Seed coat
plant and stores food.
embryo
The __________
is the new plant contained in the
seed coat.
The __________
endosperm is a stash of food stored in the seed
coat
Parts of a seed
Monocots / Dicots
embryo
• An _________
has structures called
_________
Seed leaves or __________.
cotyledons
• ___________
- seeds that have one cotyledon
Monocots
– example: corn
Dicots
• __________
- seeds that have more than one
cotyledon – example: beans
Compare and Contrast
Spreading Seeds
• Some plants ______
their seeds on the ground
drop
and the seeds begin to grow.
• _________
are helpful in scattering seeds.
animals
• The seeds of berries pass through the
Digestive system
_______________
of animals and are
eliminated as waste.
temperature and
• Outside conditions such as _________
__________
must be right before the plant
moisture
can begin to grow.
Spores
mosses
ferns
• __________
and ________
are plants that do
not produce flowers.
Two parts
• The life cycle of these plant have _______:
fertilization
– ____________
– ____________fern and mosses use _______
reproduction
spores to
reproduce.
spore
A plant ________
is a single plant cell that can
develop into a new plant.
Differences between spores and seeds
•
•
•
•
Spores do not have a multicellular _________
embryo
Spores are not made by __________
fertilization
Both spores and seeds have____________
Stored food
Reproducing without sperm cells and egg
cells:
Asexual
– _________
reproduction – there is only one
parent
– The offspring are identical to the parent
Runners
Budding
– ___________
and ____________
Runners and Budding
Runners
• ________growing new plants from stems or
roots of the plant. Example: strawberries
• __________buds form on the plant and drop
Budding
off to grow as separate plants.
Life Cycle of a Moss plant
• Page 109
How Do Plants Grow?
DNA
• A plants growth depends on ______
and its
___________
Environmental conditions
• ____________
- when a seed sprouts
Germination
roots
downward
• _______
will grow out of a seed __________
• ________
will grow out of a seed _________
stems
upward
DNA
• _________
- genetic information that instructs
the plant on how to grow and in what
conditions
Tropisms
• ___________
- ways in which the plant
Tropisms
changes direction to get what it needs
environmental
• Tropisms often occur when the ___________
conditions change.
cells
• _____will
grow faster on one side of the plant
causing the plant to bend in a certain
direction.
• _____________
- kind of chemical that affects
Growth hormone
plant growth.
Growth Hormone in Plants
• Growth hormones in plants cause more cells
to grow in the plant.
• The hormone may make the plant grow larger
• Plants make their own growth hormone.