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HOW SPECIES INTERACT
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE WITH MS. KOHNKE
COLOR OF THE DAY: RED
OBJECTIVE
 Students will understand and identify the meaning of symbiosis and its variations
SYMBIOSIS
 A close relationship between two different organisms

Overtime, species in close relationships may coevolve. These species may evolve adaptations that reduce the harm or
improve the benefit of the relationship.
MAJOR TYPES OF SYMBIOSIS
 Competition
 Predation
 Parasitism
 Mutualism
 Commensalism
Types of Symbiosis
Interaction
Species A
Species B
Description
Example
Competition
Harmed
Harmed
Each species
negatively affects the
other
Fox and coyote are
predators of the
same prey
Predations and
Parasitism
Benefited
Harmed
Species A feeds on
species B
Coyote feeds on
rabbits
Tick feeds on coyote
Mutualism
Benefited
Benefited
Each species is
helpful to the other
Bee pollinates a
flower and gets
pollen; bee spreads
pollen
Commensalism
Benefited
Unaffected
Species A benefits
from species B, but B
is unaffected
Robin makes nest
without affecting the
tree
COMPETITION
 Relationship where both species, try to use the same resource, where both are negatively affected
 Give me an example
PREDATION
 Relationship where one species (predator) feeds on anther species (prey)

A predator of one species can be prey to another

Most organisms have evolved a way to avoid or defend against predators
 Give me an example
PARASITISM
 Relationship where one species (parasite) benefits from the other species (host) who is usually harmed
 Give me an example
MUTUALISM
 Relationship where both species benefit


Many species depend on the other for survival and could not exist without the other
Give me an example
COMMENSALISM
 Relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected
 Give me an example