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*Capitalism: an economic system in which private citizens own land, property, and business; characterized by
a free competitive market motivated by profit
*Communism: a type of government in which a single party holds power and the government controls the
economy; classes are abolished and property is commonly controlled by the “whole”
Czarist government (also Tsarism): a system of government in which a Czar has absolute power and
authority, including over religious issues
Democracy: a type of government ruled by the people by means of elected officials
*Socialism: an economic system against private party ownership, in which production and distribution are
controlled by a majority and citizens are paid by the work done rather than by need
*Totalitarianism: a government system in which a single party rules without opposition over political,
economic, social, and cultural life; this type of government sees no limit to its rule, and strives to control all
aspects of its citizens, including personal and private means through
*Proletariat-the class of workers, especially industrial wage earners, who do not possess capital or property
and must sell their labor to survive.
*Bourgeoisie – the class that, in contrast to the proletariat or wage-earning class, is primarily concerned with
property values.
Bolsheviks- a. a member of the more radical majority of the Social Democratic party, 1903–17, advocating
immediate and forceful seizure of power by the proletariat.
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b. (after 1918) a member of the Russian Communist party.