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The History of
Modern Democratic
Turkish Republic
D
Democracy
M
Modern
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YOUNG
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The Republic of Turkey was
created after the overthrow of
Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin by
the new Republican Parliament in
1922. This new regime delivered
the coup de grâce to the Ottoman
state which had been practically
wiped away from the world stage
following the First World War
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Democracy
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Modern
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Single-party period, 1923–1946
The history of modern Turkey begins
with the foundation of the republic on
October 29, 1923, with Mustafa Kemal
(Atatürk) as its first president. The
government was formed from the
Ankara-based revolutionary group, led
by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his
colleagues. The second constitution
was ratified by the Grand National
Assembly on April 20, 1924.
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Democracy
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Modern
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For about the next 10 years, the
country saw a steady process of
secular Westernization through
Atatürk's Reforms, which included the
unification of education; the
discontinuation of religious and other
titles; the closure of Islamic courts and
the replacement of Islamic canon law
with a secular civil code modeled after
Switzerland's
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Democracy
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Modern
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A penal code modeled after the Italian Penal
Code; recognition of the equality between the
sexes and the granting of full political rights to
women on 5 December 1934; the language
reform initiated by the newly founded Turkish
Language Association; replacement of the
Ottoman Turkish alphabet with the new
Turkish alphabet derived from the Latin
alphabet, the dress law (the wearing of a fez, is
outlawed); the law on family names; and
many others.
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Modern
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The Chronology of
Major Democratic
Reforms
D
O
November 1, 1922:
Abolition of the
office of the
Ottoman Sultan
M
The Wind
of
Change
March 3, 1924:
Abolition of the
office of Caliphate
held by the Ottoman
Caliphate
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October 29, 1923:
Proclamation of
the Republic of
Turkey
E
November 25,
1925: Change of
headgear and
dress
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Democracy
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Modern
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YOUNG
VOICES IN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACIES
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The Chronology of
Major Democratic
Reforms
D
O
March 1, 1926:
Introduction of
the new penal law
November 30,
1925: Closure of
religious convents
and dervish lodges
M
October 4, 1926:
Introduction of the
new civil code
TheWind
of
Change
E
November 1,
1928: Adoption of
the new Turkish
alphabet
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Democracy
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Modern
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YOUNG
VOICES IN THE EUROPEAN DEMOCRACIES
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The Chronology of
Major Democratic
Reforms
D
O
November 26,
1934: Abolition of
titles and bynames
June 21, 1934:
Introduction of the
law on family
names
M
December 5, 1934:
Full political rights,
to vote and be
elected, to women.
The Wind
of
Change
E
February 5, 1937:
The inclusion of the
principle of laïcité in
the constitution.
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The first party to be established in the newly
formed republic was the Women's Party. It was
founded by Nezihe Muhiddin and several other
women but was stopped from its activities, since
during the time women were not yet legally
allowed to engage in politics. The actual passage
to multi-party period was first attempted with
the Liberal Republican Party by Ali Fethi Okyar.
The Liberal Republican Party was dissolved on 17
November 1930 and no further attempt for a
multi-party democracy was made until 1945
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Multi-party period, 1946 – Present
In 1946, İnönü's ( Atatürk’s Successor)
government organized multi-party elections,
which were won by his party. He remained as the
president of the country until 1950. He is still
remembered as one of the key figures of Turkey
The real multi-party period begins with the
election of the Democratic Party government in
1950.The government of Adnan Menderes
(1950-1960)
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A series of economic shocks led to new elections
in 2002, bringing into power the conservative
Justice and Development Party (AK Party) of the
former mayor of Istanbul, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
The political reforms of the AK Party has ensured
the beginning of the negotiations with the
European Union. The AK Party again won the
2007 elections, which followed the controversial
August 2007 presidential election, during which
AK Party member Abdullah Gül was elected
President
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emocracy
AKP is the only government in Turkish political
history that has managed to win three general
elections in a row with an increasing amount of
votes received in each one. The AKP has
positioned itself in the midpoint of the Turkish
political scene, much thanks to the stability
brought by steady economic growth and
democratic regulations since they came to
power in 2002. 2013 figures showed a
9% GDP growth for Turkey.
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pportunities
Thank You !!!
Tevfik İleri Anadolu Lisesi
Rize / TURKEY
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Democracy
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Modern
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