Download Chapter 12 The Spread of Civilization in China

Chapter 12
The Spread of Civilization in China
Section 3 Korea and Its Traditions
Section 4 Emergence of Japan
Section 5 Southeast Asia
Geography of the Korean Peninsula
Living Among Mountains and Season
• Located on a peninsula
• Mountains cover 70% of the
land
• Coast is where most farming
takes place
• 5,400 miles of coastline
• Seafood makes up a large
portion of the diet
Location Affects Korea
• Located on China’s eastern
border
• Received culture and
technological influences
• In 108 BC the Han Dynasty
took over
• Followed Confucian
traditions
• Followed model of Chinese
government
Development of the Silla and Koryo
Dynasties
– Silla Dynasty Unites Kingdom
• Mahayana Buddhism took root among rulers and
nobles
• Silla Dynasty took over in 676, supported by China
• Advanced civilization
• China continued to influence life and government in
Korea
• Kyongju became the capital
• Set up a Confucian academy to train government
officials
Development of the Silla and Koryo
Dynasties
– The Koryo Dynasty
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Replaced Silla in 918
Songkak became capital
Confucianism and Buddhism were influential
Helped create movable metal type
The Choson Dynastu Rules for Over 500 Years
– Korea Creates Alphabet
• In 1392 the Choson Dynasty overthrew the Koryo
Dynasty
• Government was based on Confucian principles
• Hangul, a Korean alphabet that used symbols to
represent sounds was formed
• Hangul quickly spread
• Hangul was extremely easy to learn
The Choson Dynastu Rules for Over 500 Years
– Japan Invades
• In the 1590’s Japan invaded China through Korea
• Looted and burned cities
• Eventually made “turtle ships” helped push Japan back
Geography Sets Japan Apart
Seas Protect Japan
• Chain of Islands
• Size of Montana
• Most settled along rivers and
coasts
• Seas protected and isolated
Japan
• Too far for China to conquer
• Had various trade routes
• Seas offer food source
Forces of Nature
• Subject to lots of volcanoes
and earthquakes
• Tsunamis are an effect of
earthquakes
Early Traditions
Yamato Clan
• Uji clan had a chief and
special god/goddess
• Women had a respected
position in society
• In 500 the Yamato clan
dominated most of the land
for the next 1,000 years
Religion of Nature
• Worshipped forces of nature
• Known as Shinto
• Buddhism still exists in Japan
today
Early Traditions
– The Korean Connection
• Japanese is related to Korean
• Korean’s brought metal print to Japan
• Missionaries from Japan introduced Buddhism
Japan Looks to China
– The Japanese Visit China
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In the 600’s students were sent to study in China
Students spent at least a year in China
Imported Chinese governmental ideas
New capital was built in Nara
Japanese nobles spoke and acted Chinese
Adopted Pagoda architecture
Japan Looks to China
– Selective Borrowing Preserves Culture
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Japanese eventually stopped most Chinese traditions
Selective borrowing helped form the Japanese culture
In the 800s Tang China declined
Revised Chinese writing into Kana
The Heian Period
Women Shape the Court
• Heian was the capital fro
794-1185
• Lived in beautiful
surroundings
• Women were forbidden to
learn Chinese
• Women produced to most
important literature
Lady Murasaki
• The Tale of Gengji
– Writes about love and
adventure
Warriors Establish Feudalism
– The Ways of Warriors
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Warfare swept through Japan in the 1400s
Clans were not loyal to the central government
Separate clans struggled for power
Put Japan under military power
Supplied land for military support to nobles
Nobles hired Samurai’s with smaller parts of land
Samurai were heavily armed
Developed the Bushido, or “way of the warrior”
Warriors Establish Feudalism
– Noblewomen Lose Ground
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Some could train in military
Eventually women declined
Inheritance was limited to sons
There was no code of chivalry
Warriors Establish Feudalism
– Peasants, Artisans, and Merchants
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Below the samurai were this group
Made up about 75% of population
Cultivated rice
Some served as soldiers
Artisans were sword makers and armorers
Warriors Establish Feudalism
– Japan Holds of Mongols
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Mongols tried to invade in 1274
They arrived with 30,000 troops
Typhoon destroyed many ships
Mongols tried again in 1281, another typhoon hit
The Tokugawas Unite Japan
Central Government
• Tokugawas took over in 1338
• Ended feudal warfare
• Central government
controlled all of Japan
• Created a unified society
Economy Booms
• Agriculture improved
• Food surpluses created
markets
• Trade was easy within the
country
Zen Buddhism Shapes Culture
– Emphasizes self reliance, meditation, and
devotion to duty
– People seek enlightenment through meditation
– Had to perform tasks in precise ways
Artistic Traditions
New Drama
• Plays were often performed
on the street
• Often portrayed Zen
Buddhist themes
• Kabuki developed in the
1600’s as comical
• Using puppets was really
popular
Paint and Print
• Reflected Chinese landscape
art
• Painted historical events
• Produced woodblock prints
Geography of Southeast Asia
Mountains
• Mountains and plateaus kept
them apart
• All trade from China to India
passed through trade routes
Trade Routes
• Seasonal winds shaped
routes
• Stayed at port between the
seasons
• Sold spices
Geography of Southeast Asia
– Early Traditions
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Many diverse groups
Lived in isolated villages
Had nuclear families
Women had greater equality
Some women became rulers
Women could inherit
Indian Culture Spreads to Southeast Asia
Indian Influence
• Indian traders settled in
ports
• Married into influential
families
• Indian ideas spread in this
region
Indians Bring Islam
• In the 1200’s Muslim beliefs
started to spread throughout
the region
• Indonesia still claims a large
Muslim population
New Kingdoms and Empires
Pagan Kingdom
• Arose in 1044
• Pagan became a Buddhist
center
• Built beautiful shrines
Khmer Empire
• Ruled in much of present
day Cambodia, Thailand, and
Malaysia
• Adapted Indian writings,
mathematics, and
architecture
New Kingdoms and Empires
– Srijijaya Empire Flourishes
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Controlled Strait of Malacca
Vital shipping route
Buddhism and Hinduism influence beliefs
Eventually Islam was adopted
Vietnam Emerges
– Chinese Domination
• In 111 BC the Han Dynasty ruled for 1,000 years
• Vietnamese studied Confucianism
• Daoism helped shape Vietnamese society
Vietnam Emerges
– The Vietnamese Preserve Their Identity
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Preserved culture while being controlled
In 39 AD two noble sisters formed a rebellion
The Chinese were forced from Vietnam
Vietnam remained a tributary state for many years
Vocabulary
Silla Dynasty
Ruled Korea from 676-918
Koryo Dynasty
Ruled Korea from 918-1200s
Celadon
Porcelain with an unusual blue-green glaze
Choson Dynasty
Ruled Korea from 1392-1910
King Sejong
Korea’s most celebrated leader
Hangul
Korean phonetic alphabet
Literacy Rate
Percentage of people who can read
Archipelago
Chain of islands
Tsunami
tidal waves
Shinto
“The way of Kami”
Selective Borrowing
Keeping some traditions but modifying or getting rid of parts of it
Vocabulary
Kana
Phonetic symbols representing syllables
Samurai
“Those Who Serve”
Bushido
”Way of the Warrior”
Zen
Emphasizes self-reliance, meditation, and devotion to duty
Matrilineal
Inheritance through the mother
Stupa
Dome-shaped shrines
Paddy
Fields of foods