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BELLWORK
1. What were the original goals of American occupation of Japan?
2. Why did the American goals of occupation change during the Cold
War? What were the new goals?
3. Explain the American-Japanese Security Treaty.
4. To what extent was US intervention in Japan a success?
5. How did US policy in Taiwan change due to the Korean War?
6. How did Eisenhower use “massive retaliation” and “brinkmanship”
with China and Taiwan?
7. To what extent was US intervention in Taiwan a success?
8. THINKER: How did the Korean War effect the entire Cold War?
Change in US politics
Eisenhower (R ) is elected in 1953 
Rejected containment and “limited warfare”
Introduced policy of “massive retaliation” –
the use of nuclear arms and roll back
(liberate communist controlled areas)
US Involvement in Japan
Tokyo in 1946
Seizure of Zaibatsu family
assets in 1946
1.
What were the original
goals of American
occupation of Japan?
Occupation of Japan post-WWII
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2. Why did the American goals of occupation
change during the Cold War? What were the
new goals?
Japan under the authority of the Supreme
Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP)
Japanese-ruled Taiwan and the Spratley Islands,
ceded to the Republic of China
Karafuto Prefecture and the Kuril Islands, ceded
to the Soviet Union.
Japanese-ruled Korea south of the 38th parallel
north, placed under the authority of the United
States Army Military Government in Korea,
granted independence in 1948 as South Korea.
Kwantung Leased Territory, occupied by the
Soviet Union 1945-1955, returned to China in
1955.
Japanese-ruled Korea north of the 38th parallel
north, placed under the authority of the Soviet
Civil Authority, granted independence in 1948
as North Korea.
South Pacific Mandate, occupied by the United
States 1945-1947, converted into the Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands in 1947.
American
Occupation of
Japan
3. Explain the American-Japanese
Security Treaty.
4. To what extent was US
intervention in Japan a success?
US Involvement
in Taiwan
5. How did US policy in Taiwan change due to
the Korean War?
US Involvement in Taiwan
Quemoy
Matsu
US Involvement in Taiwan
6. How did Eisenhower use “massive
retaliation” and “brinkmanship” with
China and Taiwan?
USS Lexington; aircraft carrier central to
Seventh Fleet – patrolled Taiwan strait
7. To what extent was US intervention
in Taiwan a success?
To what extent was
US intervention &
containment in
Korea a success?
Explain!
8. THINKER: How did the Korean War effect
the entire Cold War?
Causes of the Vietnam War
A decade of US involvement, 211,000
American deaths, billions of dollars, division
of public opinion = failure of containment!!!
Background Cause 1: Japanese Occupation
• Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia,
Laos) was a French colony occupied
by the Japanese during WWII
• Occupation created a rise in
nationalism and extreme antiJapanese sentiment.
• Ho Chi Minh: communist who led a
nationalist movement (Vietminh) to
end foreign occupation
• After WWII, Ho declared the
independence of the Democratic
Republic of Vietnam…..French say
non  fighting breaks out!
Background Cause 2: Domino Theory
• FDR encouraged France to give up
Indochina
• Due to the developing Cold War in Asia,
Truman wanted communism contained.
• In 1954, President Eisenhower described
American involvement and its relation to
dominoes:
• “You have a row of dominoes set up, you
knock over the first one, and what will
happen to the last one is the certainty that
it will go over very quickly.”
• What is Eisenhower trying to prove by
using the metaphor of “dominoes?” How
does this relate to communism and the
containment policy?
The Domino Theory
• The Domino Theory: the fear that if one
Southeast Asian nation fell to Communism, the
others would also fall.
• I.E: If Vietnam fell to Communism, because of its
location, Cambodia, Laos, Burma and Thailand
would also be in danger.
Background Cause 3: Geneva Accords
• By 1954, the US funded 80% of the war
• French were defeated at the battle of Dien Bien Phu
• The Geneva Accords: 1954 peace settlement that divided Vietnam into
two separate nations.
• Ended French occupation (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia recognized as
independent)
• Ho Chi Minh became president of the new Communist North Vietnam.
• Ngo Dinh Diem became president of the anti-Communist South
Vietnam.
• Elections were supposed to be held in 1956 to unify Vietnam, but South
Vietnam refused and it remained divided.
• US did not sign Geneva Accords, and in response, strengthened the
South through guaranteed protection by SEATO
U.S. Involvement: Eisenhower & Kennedy
• In 1960, Eisenhower pledged
support to Diem and sent 675
U.S. advisors
• When Kennedy took office in
1961 he was even more
determined to prevent the
spread of communism.
• Kennedy increased the number
of military advisors to Vietnam.
(By 1963 = 16,000)
US Involvement: Johnson
• When Johnson became
President he declared “I
am not going to lose
Vietnam.”
• In August 1964, North
Vietnamese torpedo
boats attacked U.S.
destroyers in the Gulf
of Tonkin.
Start of Conflict
• Due to the attack,
Congress passed the
Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution which
authorized Johnson
to take military
action in Vietnam.
U.S. Troops in Vietnam
Soviet Response
• Signed Geneva Accords –
wanted influence over
North
• After the US gets involved,
the USSR begins sending
military aide = $1.2 billion
• They also trained members
of the military
• Economic aide/trading =
$5.4 billion
• By the 1980’s, the Soviets
supplied 90% of Vietnam's
oil, iron, steel, and cotton
imports
HOMEWORK
• Read the rest of the chapter 6 packet!!!