Download 8.1 Classifying inorganic compounds

Classifying
Inorganic
Compounds
(Section 8.1 pg 201-208)

So far, we’ve been generally looking at
inorganic compounds– compounds that don’t
contain a high % of carbon by weight.

There are 2 main types of inorganic compounds
(Fig.2 p.202):
•
Inorganic molecular compounds are molecules
formed with 2 non-metals (but no C or very
little C!).
•
Common examples: water (H2O), ammonia
(NH3), CO2 (counts as low % of C).

Inorganic ionic compounds are divided into
three categories: Acids, Bases and Salts.

Acids = any substance that releases H+ ions in
solution (they usually start with an H-)

Bases = any substance that releases OH- ions in
solution. (They usually end in -OH)

Salts = any ionic substance that does not have an H+
or OH- ion.

Chemical indicators are commonly
used in labs to test for acids/bases
(Table 2 p.203 & Data Pages

Please note H2O is basically composed
of one H+ ion and one OH- ion (Fig.4
p.204).

Please read the section ‘Acidity’ on
p.204 of your text – good info.

Acidity is a measure of the relative amounts of
H+ and OH- ions in solution (Table 4 p.205) – the
higher the number of H+ ions in solution the
more acidic it is (opposite is true for basic
solutions).

Check out the pH scale in your Data Pages –
gives examples of the pH of common solutions.

The pH scale is used to measure acidity (see
Fig.6&8 p.205-6). On this scale acids have a pH
0-7, pH = 7 is neutral, and pH 7-14 is basic.

The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that every
1 point on the scale represents 10 times more or
less acidity (see Table 5 p.206).

There are a separate set of rules for
naming acids – please see the flow chart
handout (Fig.9 p.207).
Naming Acids
HBr
H2SO4
HNO2
HF
H2S
H3PO4
Naming Acids
HBr
Hydrobromic acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
HNO2
Nitrous acid
HF
Hydrofloric acid
H2S
Hydrosulfuric acid
H3PO4
Phosphoric acid

To name a base or a salt we follow the rules used for naming ionic compounds
(Table 7 p.208).
NaOH
Magnesium hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
NH3
NaOH
Sodium hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
Magnesium hydroxide
NH4OH
Ammonium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide
NH3
Ammonia
Questions
Pg. 209 # 4 + worksheet