Download Regimes

TODAY WE WILL …
Bellringer
 If Democracy were
represented by a star,
what would the five
points stand for?
 Using your notes pick
the 5 key ideas of
democracy.
 Draw a picture of the
star on the top of your
homework.
Objectives
 Distinguish between
Power, Authority and
Legitimacy
 Discuss the usefulness
of typologies and
understand the common
ways of categorizing and
differentiating countries.
 Understand minimal
conditions for
democracy as set out in
the text.
3. NATION/ STATE/
REGIMES & DATA
INTRODUCTION
POWER, AUTHORIT Y, LEGITIMACY,
SOVEREIGNT Y
 Power
 Authority
 Constitutional?
 Legitimacy
 Rational/ Legal
 Common law
 Code Law
 Charismatic
 Traditional
 Sovereignty: No one
else can tell me what
to do
 Supranational
Organizations
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UN
EU
NATO
WTO
OPEC
IMF
NAFTA
African Union
ECOWAS
NATION VS. STATE
Nation – a group of people who share
common cultural traits (ethnicity, language,
religion)
 Nationalism - a sense of self identification enabling
them to be distinguished from other groups of
people
State – a political unit (think “Country”)
 International recognition of, permanent population, governing
institutions.
 These political units are separated by legal borders.
 Every “state” has the right to make laws for the territory within the
boundaries,
Sovereign State
NATION VS. STATE
Nations
 Arabs
 Latino
 Jews
 Palestinians
 Scottish
 Quebecois
 Kurds
 Koreans
 Protestants
States
 Iran
 Mexico
 Israel
 UK
 Canada
 Iraq
 South Korea
 USA
NATION-STATE?
 A political unit that has legal boundaries that is also made of
one united nation
 Can you think of any that exist?
 How do you create a nation -state?
 ONE language, ONE religion, ONE leader, national pride, symbols, etc.
 Fragmentation:
 Polarization of religion apparent in world politics by the early 21 st
century
STATES & REGIMES
 States are sovereign and have institutions
Q1: What is the
difference between
Comparative
Government and
International
Relations?
 Formal Institutions: Stable, long lasting, turn political ideas into policy
 Legislative: makes the laws (see Presidential vs Parliamentary systems)
 Executive: Carry out the laws of the state
 Head of State vs Head of Government
 Bureaucracy: agencies that generally implement government policy, discretionary power.
 Military
 Judicial: Defend democratic principles of a country, rules constitutionally of laws
and decide guilt and innocence of lawbreakers.
 Linkage Institutions: connect government to citizens

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Political Parties
Elections
Media
Interest Groups
 Regimes: The Rules that a state sets and follows in exer ting its
power are referred to collectively as regimes. They endure beyond
individual government and leader s.
(Q2) GLOBALIZATION? FRAGMENTATION?
Centripetal
GLOBALIZATION
Centrifugal
FRAGMENTATION
 Forces that tie people
of the world together
 The integration of
social, environmental,
economic, and cultural
activities of nations
 Supranational
organizations
 Forces that tear
people of the world
apart
 Separatist
movements- loyalties
based on ethnicity,
language, religion, or
cultural identity
 Devolution- Scottish
independence?
(Q5) COMPARATIVE METHOD
USED TO BE….THREE WORLD APPROACH: COLD WAR –
1 ST, 2 ND , 3 RD WORLDS
“Advanced” democracy – high level of
economic development, open elections
(Britain, US)
Communist/Post-Communist – system that
limits freedoms to divide wealth equally
(Russia, China)
Less developed countries (LDC), newly
industrializing countries (NIC) – rapid growth,
political instability (Mexico, Iran, Nigeria)
T YPOLOGY WE’LL USE
We will use…
Consolidated (liberal) Democracy:
Established and stable democracy. Relatively
consistent adherence to the core democratic
principles.
Transitional (illiberal) Democracy: Countries
that have moved from an authoritarian
government to a democratic one.
Authoritarian: power depends on coercive
force.
(Q4) COMPARISON THEORIES
Causal Theory
 If X happens, then Y
will result.
 Factors : X Independent
variable
 Outcome:
Y Dependent
variable
 Beware “Causation” vs
“Correlation”
Middle Level Theory
 Failure of “rational
choice theory”,
universal claims and
case studies
 The focus is on
institutions, policies or
events to find themes
CHECK FOR
UNDERSTANDING
There has been some debate as to
whether economic growth causes
democracy or merely correlates with
democracy. What do you think?
Use the terms “correlation” and
“causation” in your discussion of the
prompt.
REGIME VS. RULERS (GOVERNMENT)
 Regime, “System of Government”
 Patterns of method of access to leaders
 Characteristics of actors admitted to or excluded from access to
public office
 Rules in binding policymaking
 Institutionalization through formalized constitution or tradition
 Rulers (Government)
 People who occupy specialized authority roles and can give
legitimate commands to others
 Attain Power and are accountable
 ? How do rulers come to power and what are the practices that
hold them accountable?
 Change in Regime is a change in the system of government,
Change in Government means a change in the leader.
REGIME T YPES:
(POWER, LEGIT, AUTHORIT Y)
 REGIME: The rules that a state sets and follows in exerting
its power. Institutions and practices.
 Democratic
 Consolidated/liberal/substantive
 Transitional/illiberal/procedural
 Authoritarian
 Military Regimes
 Communist Regimes
 Totalitarian Regimes
REGIME T YPES:
(POWER, LEGIT, AUTHORIT Y)
 Authoritarian Regimes:
A system of rule in which
power depends not on
popular legitimacy but on
the coercive force of the
political authorities.
 Hence, there are few
personal and group
freedoms.
 Also characterized by near
absolute power in the
executive branch and few,
if any, legislative and
judicial controls.
 Totalitarian Regimes
A political system in which the
state attempts to exercise total
control over all aspects of
public a nd private life, including
the economy, culture,
education, and social
organizations, through an
integrated system of
ideological, economic, and
political control.
 Totalitarian states are said to
rely largely on terror as a
m eans to exercise power.
 Term has been applied to both
communist par ty -states
including Stalinist Russia and
Maoist China and fascist
regimes such as Nazi Germany.
Difference between REGIME CHANGE & CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT
WHAT DEMOCRACY IS…
In groups create a poster that explains each of the key points of
the article:
1 . Public Realm & Citizens
2. Competition& Elections
3. Majority Rule
4. Cooperation & Civil Society
5. Representatives
6. Principles
7. Dif ferences in democracies 1-6
8. Dif ferences in democracies 7-11
9. What Democracy is Not
DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES
 Public Realm and Citizens
 Making collective norms and choices- binding on society backed by state coercion
 Liberal : private sector
 Social-Democratic: public sector
 Restrictions of citizenship now open to all native born adults
 Competition, Elections & Representatives
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“Classic”: citizens decisions direct democracies/ consensus
Elections manage factions
“Electoralism” X elections do not define democracy alone!
Representatives: how are they chosen and held accountable for their actions.
Larger bureaucracies change # of people who make decisions based on functional
but not territorial constituencies.
 Majority Rule
 Governing body that makes decisions by combining votes of more than half of those
eligible and present.
 Majority rule to protect minority rights
 Bill of Rights, federalism, neocorporatism
 Civil Society, Competition & Cooperation
 Civil Society cooperation and deliberation via autonomous groups, citizens
deliberate among themselves
 Competition among factions, Range and modes of competition
 Actors make collective decisions, cooperate to compete
DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES
 Elected winners will not act in a way to bar competitors for
next election
 Democracy institutionalizes “normal” limited political
uncertainty
 Constitutional guarantees of property, privacy and expression
 Most ef fective
 Competition among interest groups
 Cooperation within civil societies
DEMOCRATIC PROCEDURES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Control is vested in elected of ficials
Frequent and fair elections
Suf frage rights include almost all adults
Right to expression without fear of punishment
Available alternative sources of information
Right to form relatively independent associations or
organizations (parties & interest groups)
+ of ficials can use powers without pressure from civil society
+ self-governing, act independently of other states.
LIBERAL/ CONSOLIDATED DEMOCRACIES
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Civil Liberties
Rule of Law
Neutrality of the Judiciar y / independence
Open Civil Society
 Voluntary organizations outside of the state that help
people define and advance their own interests. Advocacy
groups, social networks, media
 Civilian Control of the Militar y
 Democratic Consolidation: The movement towards a
creation of a stable political system that is
supported by all parts of the society.
 In a consolidated democracy all institutions and
many people participate, so that democracy
penetrates political parties, the judiciary and the
bureaucracy.
WHAT DISTINGUISHES AN
ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY?
 Elections without civil liberties and civil rights
 No independent judiciary
 Weak rule of law, accountability
 Small/ weak civil society
 Interest groups
 Media
 Large-scale disenfranchisement, probably on ethnic/ racial
grounds
 BUT
 There are regular competitive elections
 Candidates may be recruited by parties, restricted by election
committees
 Political systems similar: constitution, executive, legislative
and judicial branches
 Branches may be fused
REGIME ATTRIBUTE
GUIDE
Read each statement and decide which regime(s)
has the characteristic.
• Liberal Democracy
• Illiberal Democracy
• Authoritarian
Describe a change that an illiberal democracy
could make to become a liberal democracy.
What does this chart say about democratization?
ASSIGN COUNTRY DATA
CLOSURE
 3 - Name three characteristics that are necessary for a
democracy.
 2 - pieces of data that determine development
 1 - question
 Homework:
 Kesselman Questions B & Collect Data