Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products wikipedia , lookup
Environmental education wikipedia , lookup
Environmental history wikipedia , lookup
Toxic hotspot wikipedia , lookup
Environmental sociology wikipedia , lookup
Environmental law wikipedia , lookup
Environmental psychology wikipedia , lookup
Ecogovernmentality wikipedia , lookup
Environmental movement wikipedia , lookup
Environmental problems… Dispersion of Toxic Substances Ozone Layer Depletion Air Pollution Urban Environmental Problems Marine Environment & Coastal Zones Water Pollution & Water Resources Waste Climate Change Loss of Biodiversity Resource Depletion Emergence of environmental problems Maslow’s pyramid of needs N E E D S Environmental Policy Global conferences on the environment: - Stockholm – 1972 - Rio – 1992 - kyoto – 1997 - Johannesburg – 2002 -Copenaghen -2012 …’70 years Gradual internationalization of the debate around the issue of relations between environment and development. increase the perception of environmental issues: focus on large point sources of pollution concentrated (industrial plants, power plants, pollution) increase scientific knowledge in environmental Report "The Limits to Growth" Published for the Club of Rome from MIT (Massachussets Institute of technology) Resource Depletion Pollution Limits to Growth Management of environmental ricks New technologies and energy efficiency Management of resources Environmental costs Stockholm Conference (1972) First summit ONU on “HUMAN ENVIRONMENT” Pollution: Acid rain World Hunger Marine Environment & Coastal Zones Third World devolepment Establishment UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) Rio Conference (1992) Earth Summit, second summit ONU on “environment and development” 183 countries comparison among industrialized countries (which have reached the carrying capacity of its ecosystem) and the countries of the South, underdeveloped or developing (as opposed to assume responsibility for the environment, if not after compensatory measures, such as programs Economic Assistance Rio Conference (1992) Results: 1. Climate convention: CO2 emission 2. Biodiversity convention: preservation of the genetic heritage of animals and plants 3. Statement of Forest: The Convention has been impeded by the holders of most countries of tropical forests 4. Statement of Rio: 27 integrating environment and development principles 5. Local Agenda 21: global action plan that identifies the characteristics of sustainable development and the means to achieve Local Agenda 21 Collection of intentions to initiate sustainable development policies through consensus of the entire civil society (population, institutions, businesses, etc..) At national, regional and sub-regional level. Local actors must become active partners in decision making concerning their own territory governance processes (voluntary choices shared "bottom-up) and partnerships (selected subsidiaries and implemented by all players on the territory). Multisectoral action program (4 sections - the socio-economic, conservation and management of resources for development, strengthening the role of social forces, implementation tools and 40 chapters) is owned by the governments in the twentyfirst century. Eco development “Term coined at the Stockholm Conference and logical antecedent of "sustainable development." Suffix "eco" stands for "ecological" and "economic": A weld between economy and ecology. The transition from "Ecosviluppo" to "sustainable development" has sanctioned the movement from local to global level environmental problems caused by development have an impact not only on the territory in question, but invest the whole planet, requiring a comprehensive approach to resolving them. JOHANNESBURG Conference (2002) RECOGNIZING THAT THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY, CHANGE OF STYLES OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION AND THE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ARE THE OBJECTIVES AND BASIC CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL EQUALITY OTHER IMPORTANT CONCEPTS for definitions of sustainable development are: Fairness 'SOCIAL within generations within a single community; GENERATIONS respect to future generations. UNCERTAINTY AND IRREVERSIBLE' OFTEN THE EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS It appears as extremely complex, giving rise POSITIONS TO MUCH difference between scientists or between countries