Download The Age of Exploration

THE AGE OF
EXPLORATION
R E N A I S S A N C E & R E F O R M AT I O N U N I T
KEY VOCABULARY
• Glory, God & Gold- The 3 main reasons for European
Exploration.
• Caravel- A ship with triangular sails that could sail against
the wind.
• Astrolabe- Instrument that measured how far north or
south a ship was from the equator.
• Magnetic Compass- Used magnetism to determine north, south,
east & west.
• Prince Henry- Huge supporter of exploration that created
a school in Portugal for people to perfect their trade.
• Columbus- Hired by Spain to find a faster route to Asia but instead
landed in the Americas.
• Treaty of Tordisillas- Created the Line of Demarcation in the hopes
of avoiding war between Portugal and Spain.
• Diaz- The first explorer to round the tip of Africa.
• Vasco Da Gama- The first explorer to sail to India.
• Peninsulares- People from Spain who lived in the Americas.
• Mestizo- The population that arose from the intermarriage of
Spanish and native peoples.
• Encomienda- System set up by Spanish landowners that
forced the natives to work the land.
• Bartolome de Las Casas- Spanish priest that advocated for better
treatment of Native Americans and the end of the encomienda
system.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• How did the desire for new trade routes and the spread of
Christianity lead to global changes?
WARM UP
• Do you feel modern day space travel to Mars or other planets will prove
beneficial? Why?
• Would you participate in such a voyage? Why?
EUROPE BEGINS TO EXPLORE
• Prior to 1400, Europe had
contact with the rest of the
world only through:
1.
1100’s: The Crusades
2. 1275: Marco Polo in
China
GLORY, GOD, & GOLD!
• Due to the Crusades, the
desire for goods from the
East was very high in
Europe. By 1400, Europeans
were ready to get more
goods at better prices.
Exploration began out of a
desire for: Glory, God &
Gold.
1.
•
Wealth
–
Spice Trade (nutmeg,
cinnamon, ginger & pepper)
–
Luxury Goods
Italy controlled trade so other
countries also wanted money from
trade…England, Spain, Portugal &
France.
2. Spread Christianity
–
The Crusades caused
desire for Christians to
spread religion.
3. Desire for Land
–
Lack of space for
farming, etc.
 Exploration was also made possible because
of advancements in technology. The most
important were:
1.
Caravel: Ship with triangular sails that
could sail against the wind
2. Astrolabe: instrument that used stars to
measure how far north or south a ship
was from the equator.
3.
Magnetic Compass
ASSESSMENT PROMPT 1
• List the causes and effects of the ideas of Glory, God, & Gold on the Age of
Exploration.
Causes
Effects
 Many countries became powerful through
exploration.
 Portugal was the first because of Prince
Henry’s navigation school.
 2 Portuguese explorers were very important
1.
Diaz: First to sail around tip of S. Africa.
2. DaGama: First to sail to India.
• They established many trading
ports on the West coast of Africa.
This made Spain very jealous. So
Columbus was sent westward to
find a faster route to Asia.
 This created a huge rivalry between Spain
and Portugal.
 To stave off war, they signed the Treaty
of Tordisilla in 1494.
 This established the Line of Demarcation
giving all lands east of the line to
Portugal and all lands west of the line
to Spain.
 At first, line was too far east and
Portugal complained so they
moved line west to include part of
Brazil.
• The other country that became a
power through exploration was
The Netherlands. By 1600 they
had the largest fleet of vessels
numbering 20,000! At first they
teamed up with England to kick
the Portuguese out of the far east
but as soon as they were gone,
they turned on England and
forced them out as well!
ASSESSMENT PROMPT 2
• Describe how each country listed below contributed to the Age of Exploration.
– Spain
– Portugal
– The Netherlands
SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIRE IN THE
AMERICAS
• After Columbus, many explorers sailed
to the “New World”.
Spanish conquerors were called
conquistadors.
• They transformed the lands they
conquered into colonies, or land owned
by another country.
• In building their new empire,
the Spanish drew from the
techniques employed during
the Reconquista (effort to
drive the Muslims out of
Spain). They lived among the
natives and imposed Spanish
culture upon them.
• The Spanish who lived in the
Americas were called:
Peninsulares
– These were mostly men so
they married native women.
– Their marriages created a
large mestizo or mixed
population.
• Although the Spanish lived among the
natives, they oppressed them in a system
known as the Encomienda.
– It worked like this: Natives were
forced to: farm, ranch, or mine for the
Spanish landlords
– The holders of the encomiendas or
land grants promised the Spanish
authorities they would treat the
natives fairly but they did not.
• Not only did the Spanish force
the natives to work for them
but they forced them to be
Christian. Many conquistadors
marched north in an effort to
spread Christianity.
• As Spanish priests worked
to spread Christianity,
they also worked for:
– Better treatment of
Native Americans.
• A Spanish priest, Bartolome de Las
Casas pushed especially hard for this.
He wrote, “There is nothing more
detestable or cruel than the tyranny
which the Spaniards use toward the
Indians for the getting of riches.”
– Due to the writings of these men,
the Spanish banished the
Encomienda System in 1542.
• Not only did the Spanish work many
natives to death but killed them in
another way as well…
– Disease- small pox, typhus, measles
– This will lead to the slave trade
• Spain was the 1st country to
import slaves
• All of this was to set up a system called:
The Columbian Exchange
ASSESSMENT PROMPT 3
• Why was the Encomienda system so controversial?
JOURNAL
• Answer the EQ: How did the desire for new trade routes and the spread of Christianity lead
to global changes?
• Consider the following questions when answering this EQ:
– What created the Europeans desire for foreign goods and products?
– What were the 3 main reasons fro European Exploration?
– What technological advancements made European Exploration possible?
– What was the Encomienda System?