Download File - Mr. Sault`s Classroom

# of protons
in the atom
# of Electrons # of neutrons
in the atom
in the atom
Atomic mass
of the atom
Atomic # of
the atom
Element
name
Chemical
symbol
7
7
7
14.007
7
Nitrogen
N
5
5
6
10.811
5
Boron
B
1
1
0
1.0079
1
Hydrogen
H
20
20
20
40.08
20
Calcium
Ca
30
30
35
65.39
30
Zinc
Zn
13
13
14
27
13
Aluminum
Al
9
9
10
19
9
Fluorine
F
23
23
28
51
23
Vanadium
V
17
17
18
35
17
Chlorine
Cl
3
3
4
6.941
3
Lithium
Li
79
79
118
196.97
79
Gold
Au
11
11
12
23
11
Sodium
Na
33
33
42
74.922
33
Arsenic
As
50
50
69
118.71
50
Tin
Sn
19
19
20
39.098
19
Potassium
K

All materials exist as a Solid, Liquid or Gas

All materials are made up of very very
small particles held together by forces!




In a Solid, the particles
are held very close
together so they can
hardly move
Solids do not flow like
liquids. They generally
stay in one place!
Solids keep their
shape.
Solids always take up
the same amount of
space. They do not
spread out like gases.





In a liquid, the particles
are not so tightly
packed, so they can
move a little.
Liquid flows easily
Liquids change their
shape
They take the shape of
the container they are
in
Liquids always take up
the same amount of
space. When liquids
change shape, their
volume stays the same
In a gas, the
particles are
spread apart and
can move easily
 Gases spread out
freely
 Gases change their
shape
 Gases can be
squashed

All matter is made up of very small particles
All particles in a pure substance are the
same. Different substances are made of
different particles
 There is space between particles
 The particles are always moving. As the
particles gain energy, they move faster
 The particles in a substance are attracted
to one another. The strength of the
attractive force depends on the type of
particle.



Some substances are made up of only 1
element.
› Lead (Pb), Gold (Au)
› Neon (Ne), Silver (Ag)
› Anything on the periodic table in pure form.

Of the approximately 10 million known
pure substances only about 112 are
elements. The rest are compounds.
› Salt (NaCl), Water (H2O)
› Sugar (C6H12O6)
› Caffeine

Element:
› The simplest form of a substance.
› The smallest particle of an element is an
atom.

Compound:
› The simplest form of a material that is made
up of 2 or more elements.
› The smallest particle of a compound is a
molecule.










Ice
Water
Gold
Salt
Sugar
Argon
Hairspray
Soap
Windex
Steel










Toothpaste
Bleach
Potassium
Gasoline
Ink
Coffee
People
Air
Shampoo
Grape Juice
 Elements
will combine
to form compounds
through chemical
reactions.
› The process involves the
loss/gain of electrons, or
the sharing of electrons.
Atoms can gain or lose electrons to form
compounds:
 Na + Cl  NaCl (Salt)

› Na loses 1 electron
› Cl gains 1 electron
› Let’s draw it!
Atoms can share electrons to form
compounds:
 H + O  H2O (Water)

› H and O will share electrons.
› Let’s draw it!
The number and kind of atoms that
make up a molecule of material.
 For example:

› Water's chemical formula = H2O
› Water consists of 2 atoms of hydrogen (H2)
and one atom of oxygen (O).
E.g. 3AlCl3
 The coefficient tells us how many
molecules we have.
 Here we have three molecules of AlCl3
 The subscript tells us how many of each
atom we have.
 Each molecule has 1 Al and 3 Cl
 We have to multiply that by the
coefficient to get the total # of atoms.
 1x3 = 3 Al
3x3 = 9 Cl
