Download International labor market-power

International labor marketpower
Plan
• Notion of the international labor market and its
types
• Features and consequences of LM
• Export and import of labor force
• “labor mobility” in macroeconomics
• Mobility of labor isn't associated with
migration.
• Globalization aspects of labor mobility
• Export of Labor force from Tajikistan
Introduction
• International labor market - a form of existence
of labor migration. It is not simply the sum of
national markets, and represents a new
qualitative development of the labor market in
the face of increasing internationalization of
production and the growth of dialogue between
peoples. National labor markets are increasingly
losing their insularity and isolation. Between
them there are transnational flows and
movement of labor, which acquire a permanent
and systematic.
Concept
• Mass migration has become one of the
characteristic phenomena of the world
community to the second half of the
twentieth century. International (external)
migration exists in different forms: work,
family, recreation, tourism, etc.
Consequences of LM
• Researching the potential of international migration frames the
researchers came to the conclusion that they are represented
generally younger, professionally trained, economically active, but
socially disadvantaged workers. This conclusion is also confirmed by
foreign sources. So, J. Borges notes that foreign workers in the U.S.,
for example, at the beginning of getting less than the Native
Americans, but in 10-15 years, begin to earn more, largely due to
"natural selection" foreign workers in their composition are the
most capable and motivated people.
• Consideration of the positive and negative effects of international
labor migration is the basis for determining the directions of state
and regional policies and building a system of regulation of this
process, providing for the establishment of certain social
institutions and structures that govern international migration at
various levels
Positive
Countr
ies-exporter
labor force
Countr
iesimporter
labor force
Negative
1. Losing qualification of labor
1. Acquisition of employees with new qualifications
force
2. Consolidation of relation
from foreign demand not only
2. Refusing deficit of balance of payment
for goods and labor force too.
3. Reorientation of capital
investment with the
3. Potential weakening in internal labor market
introduction of manufactured
resources in consumption.
4. Structural alleviation and technological
4. Inflation growth
rearrangement of production
1. Block the introduction of
1. Alleviation of structures in regional displacement
labor-saving technologies
2. Involve the situation in
2. Vertical promotion mobility of local employers
internal market of labor force
3. Rising of costs in the
3. Reducing cost of labor force, general cost,
meaning of unemployed
associate with the strength reducing of labor force
foreigners and their family
4. Inhibition of growing price, due to hang of foreign
employees to savings.
5. Increasing quality of labor force with way of
picking younger and qualified employees.
X & M of Labor Force
• Asymmetry of labor markets at the macro-and mega-level structural
deformation caused by economies of depressed regions, actualizes
the problem feasibility professional diverse workforce and
encourage the growth of its mobility within the intensification of
world integration processes and the formation of institutions of
international labor mediation.
• Imbalance in meeting the needs of the national (regional and
municipal) foreign labor economy to a large extent part of
unsufficient single methodologically conceptual approach to
internationalization recruiting processes derived from being in the
moment in the making of the international labor market (MRI).
• In recent years, more attention is paid to the problem of a universal
legal structure, which is impossible to determine a single system of
legal export-import labor (alternative regional and municipal
unemployment
Mobility
• Mobility - the ability to move, movement. In economics,
the term mobility applies to all resources and these
resources means the ability to change the place of
application. Mobility has similarities with the liquidity of
money: as well as liquidity, mobility quantitatively
expressed in costs (associated with changes in application
resource).
• Mobility of resources are of great importance in the
economy (the country and the world). Freedom of
movement of resources is an integral part of perfect
competition (from which, however, there is little that is
left), as an optimal allocation of resources, which means
the production of those goods in which society needs most.
Mobility is not associated with
migration
• This special kind of labor mobility, which involves the use of
advanced telecommunications technologies and software.
• The scheme works as follows: the employer communicates
with employees through the Internet gives it a certain job,
and then it gets executed via the Internet. Of course, there
are certain limitations to such mobility: it is impossible, for
example, so hire a builder (referring to the builder, who
lives in another hemisphere, for example).
• This type of migration is often called out-sourcing (outsourcing), this term is entered into the Russian language.
This type of migration is currently being applied for the
order from the foreign language translation, software
development (particularly successful in India, but also in
Russia and there are precedents).
Globalization aspects
•
•
•
•
So, by the end of the twentieth century, due to international migration, the
traditional centers of attraction of migrants USA, Canada and Australia added new
global labor markets. These are the countries of Western Europe, Asia-Pacific,
Middle East oil-producing countries, Argentina and Venezuela in Latin America, as
well as the richest African States.
According to estimates from 1950 to 1990, the U.S. took 25 million immigrants
from Latin America, Southeast Asia and other regions, Germany - 9 million, France
- 4 million, and Canada and Australia - 3.5 million people. The number of
immigrants in the 7 richest oil producing countries (Saudi Arabia, Libya, UAE,
Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Bahrain) has increased in the period from 1975 to 1990,
from 1.9 million to 8 million people.
A characteristic feature of contemporary migration is that it flows consist of two
directions, and hence the same state can be both donor and recipient country.
For example, the United Kingdom and the United States are both among the top
recipient countries in the world, and donors for individual states (U.S. donor for
Canada, United Kingdom - for Australia).
Forecast
• In 2009-2011, the international labor market, due
to increased competition, introduction of modern
production equipment, high technology,
international quality requirements,
unemployment will take place, and at the same
time - and a substantial increase in the deficit of
skilled workers, especially in industry, agriculture,
services sector and others that require a major
effort to ensure the required quality level
workers, training and retraining of workers and
specialists, the implementation of efficient
management, organization and motivation.
Forecast cont.
• Currently in the world there are 160,000,000 of
officially registered unemployed. These data are
presented in the Director General of the
International Labor Organization (ILO) Juan
Somavia. However, given the hidden
unemployment, the number will increase to at
least 1 billion. A projected economic growth in
2009 will not lead to an adequate increase in the
number of working people as input jobs will
replace part of the workers who were forced busy
now part-time job.
Export of Labor force from TJ
• Export of labor is accompanied by currency
translations immigrants, acting as a kind of
payment for exported goods - human
resources. Moreover, obtaining foreign
exchange earnings from the export of labor
does not lead to the simultaneous production
costs in the country of origin, as is typical for
trade.
There are four direct source of foreign exchange
earnings from the export of labor
• income taxes intermediary firms;
• direct translation immigrants home to support families and
relatives;
• private investment immigrants (bringing home the means
of production and consumer durables, the purchase of
land, real estate, purchase of securities, etc.).
• capital from countries - importing labor, often going on the
reproduction of the labor force and in the social sphere.
• In addition, the possible direct compensation for leakage
from the labor importing countries.