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Name: ___________________________________________________________________Period: __________ Date: __________
Charlemagne
Standard: Analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics.
Essential Question: How did European medieval society develop with regard to culture, politics, society,
and economics?
Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and
the importance of Charlemagne.
The New Germanic Kingdoms
Fall of Rome:
Charlemagne and the Carolingians
Description:
The Growth of European Kingdoms
Impact of Feudalism:
Franks:
Importance:
Essential Question: How did European medieval society develop with regard to culture, politics, society,
and economics?
Rise of England
Norman Invasion:
Rise of the monarchy:
Magna Carta:
The English Parliament:
Capetian Dynasty
Holy Roman Empire
Otto I:
German States Form:
Frederick I:
Charlemagne
Standard: Analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics.
Essential Question: How did European medieval society develop with regard to culture, politics, society,
and economics?
Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and
the importance of Charlemagne.
The New Germanic Kingdoms
Fall of Rome:
 after the collapse of the Western Roman
Empire
 a number of states ruled by German kings
replaced the Western Roman Empire by 500
Charlemagne and the Carolingians
Description:
 became ruler of the Frankish Kingdom in
768
 known as Charles the Great
 a strong statesman and pious Christian
 illiterate but supported learning
 ruled from 768 to 814
 expanded the kingdom into what became
known as the Carolingian Empire
 Charlemagne’s power and prestige grew
Franks:
 only German kingdom to endure
 founder was Clovis
 converted to Christianity around 500
 established a kingdom that reached from the
Pyrenees to present-day France and western
Germany by 510 AD
Importance:
 covered much of western and central Europe and was
unsurpassed until the time of Napoleon
 in 800 crowned emperor of the Romans by the pope
 symbolized the coming together of the Roman,
Christian, and Germanic elements that forged a new
European civilization
 the spiritual leader of western Christendom had
crowned a German king Roman emperor
Essential Question: How did European medieval society develop with regard to culture, politics, society,
and economics?
The Growth of European Kingdoms
Impact of Feudalism:
The feudal system gave power to many different lords. Gradually, kings began to extend their own powers,
and their actions laid the foundations for the European kingdoms that still dominate Europe. The political
institutions created by one kingdom, England, impacted the formation of democracy in the United States.
Rise of England
Norman Invasion:
In 1066 an army commanded by William of
Normandy defeated King Harold of England at the
Battle of Hastings. William was crowned king of
England and began to combine Anglo-Saxon and
Norman institutions.
Magna Carta:
Rise of the monarchy:
Henry II, who ruled from 1154 to 1189, enlarged the
power of the English monarchy. He expanded the
royal courts’ powers to cover more criminal and
property cases. Because the royal courts were all
over the land, a body of common law—law common
to the whole kingdom—began to replace varying
local codes.
Resenting the monarchy’s expanding power, many nobles rebelled against King John. In 1215 at
Runnymeade, John was forced to sign a document of rights called the Magna Carta, or Great Charter. The
Magna Carta gave written recognition to the longstanding feudal idea of mutual rights and obligations
between lord and vassal. The Magna Carta was used to strengthen the idea that the monarch had limited
power, and it later helped support the concept that individuals are entitled to trial by jury.
The English Parliament:
The English Parliament emerged in the 1200s during the reign of Edward I and was an important step
in developing a representational government. It came to be composed of two knights from every county, two
people from every town, and all of England’s nobles and bishops. Later, nobles and church lords formed the
House of Lords, and knights and townspeople formed the House of Commons. The Parliament imposed taxes
and passed laws.
Capetian Dynasty
After the death of the last Carolingian king in 987, Hugh Capet became king and founded the Capetian
dynasty of French kings. The French monarchy’s power grew under King Philip II Augustus, who ruled from
1180 to 1223. Philip took back by force the French territories ruled by the English. He thereby greatly
increased the income and power of the French monarchy.
Holy Roman Empire
Otto I:
In the tenth century powerful Saxon dukes became
kings of the eastern Frankish kingdom. The best
known of these kings was Otto I, who was crowned
emperor of the Romans in 962 in exchange for
protection. As leaders of a new Roman Empire, the
German kings tried to rule both German and Italian
lands.
Frederick I:
Frederick I considered Italy the center of a “holy
empire,” hence the name Holy Roman Empire. His
attempt to conquer northern Italy was opposed by the
pope and the northern cities. Frederick II wanted to
establish a centralized state in Italy but met with the
same resistance.
German States Form:
While the emperors were fighting, Germany was left in the hands of powerful German lords who created
many independent states. These many small states kept the German ruler from maintaining a strong central
monarchical state.
The student should explain the importance of Charlemagne.
For the following 24 questions students should read in their text Chapter 13 Section 1 beginning on page 353
to 357. They should reply with short answers to each question to the best of their ability within 25 minutes.
1. Who is Charlemagne?
2. What is the Carolingian dynasty?
3. What happened to Charlemagne in 771 CE?
4. What is the Frankish Kingdom?
5. How does Charlemagne extend Frankish rule?
6. What did Charlemagne do to make him important?
7. Charlemagne’s Empire was larger in 800 CE than what empire?
8. What Pope crowned Charlemagne emperor of Europe?
9. The crowning of Charlemagne signaled the joining of what three institutions?
10. Who was the ruler of the Byzantine Empire in 800 CE?
11. What event did the crowning of Charlemagne extend between the West and the East?
12. What reasoning can be deduced that motivated Pope Leo III to crown Charlemagne as emperor of
Europe?
13. How will Charlemagne strengthen his royal power?
14. What did Charlemagne’s royal agents do?
15. What was a count?
16. How did Charlemagne challenge traditional Germanic government?
17. In what way did Charlemagne lead a revival of learning?
18. Who succeeded Charlemagne?
19. What does Pious mean?
20. Was Charlemagne successor an effective ruler?
21. Who did Louis the Pious leave the kingdom to?
22. What did Louis’ successors do with the kingdom?
23. What was the Treaty of Verdun of 843 CE?
24. What was the result of the Treaty of Verdun on the Carolingian kings?
The student should explain the importance of Charlemagne.
For the following 24 questions students should read in their text Chapter 13 Section 1 beginning on page 353
to 357. They should reply with short answers to each question to the best of their ability within 25 minutes.
1. Who is Charlemagne? (356)
2. What is the Carolingian dynasty? (356)
3. What happened to Charlemagne in 771 CE? (356)
4. What is the Frankish Kingdom? (356)
5. How does Charlemagne extend Frankish rule? (356-7)
6. What did Charlemagne do to make him important? (356-7)
7. Charlemagne’s Empire was larger in 800 CE than what empire? (357)
8. What Pope crowned Charlemagne emperor of Europe? (357)
9. The crowning of Charlemagne signaled the joining of what three institutions? (357)
10. Who was the ruler of the Byzantine Empire in 800 CE?
11. What event did the crowning of Charlemagne extend between the West and the East?(302)
12. What reasoning can be deduced that motivated Pope Leo III to crown Charlemagne as emperor of
Europe?
13. How will Charlemagne strengthen his royal power? (357)
14. What did Charlemagne’s royal agents do? (357)
15. What was a count? (357)
16. How did Charlemagne challenge traditional Germanic government?
17. In what way did Charlemagne lead a revival of learning? (357)
18. Who succeeded Charlemagne? (357)
19. What does Pious mean?
20. Was Charlemagne successor an effective ruler? (357)
21. Who did Louis the Pious leave the kingdom to? (357)
22. What did Louis’ successors do with the kingdom? (357)
23. What was the Treaty of Verdun of 843 CE? (357)
24. What was the result of the Treaty of Verdun on the Carolingian kings? (357)
The student should explain the importance of Charlemagne.
For the following 24 questions students should read in their text Chapter 13 Section 1 beginning on page 353
to 357. They should reply with short answers to each question to the best of their ability within 25 minutes.
1. Who is Charlemagne? (356)
The son of Pepin the Short and co-ruler, with Carloman, of the Frankish Empire under the Carolingian
dynasty.
2. What is the Carolingian dynasty? (356)
A family rule of the Franks that will begin in 751 CE until 987. The dynasty will begin when Charles
“The Hammer” Martel will pass his rule to his son Pepin the Short.
3. What happened to Charlemagne in 771 CE? (356)
Carloman died and Charlemagne became sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom
4. What is the Frankish Kingdom? (356)
It is one of several kingdoms that rose up in what was formerly known as Rome. Frankish Kingdom was
the largest that began in the Roman province of Gaul.
5. How does Charlemagne extend Frankish rule? (356-7)
He will expand the empire through military conquest against Muslims or other Germanic tribes the
surround the borders of the Frankish Kingdom.
6. What did Charlemagne do to make him important? (356-7)
He reunited Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire and built an empire greater than
any other since ancient Rome.
7. Charlemagne’s Empire was larger in 800 CE than what empire? (357)
Byzantine Empire
8. What Pope crowned Charlemagne emperor of Europe? (357)
Pope Leo III
9. The crowning of Charlemagne signaled the joining of what three institutions? (357)
Germanic power, the Church and the heritage of the Roman Empire
10. Who was the ruler of the Byzantine Empire in 800 CE?
Empress Irene
11. What event did the crowning of Charlemagne extend between the West and the East?(302)
It was another political event to lead to the Christian Schism of 1054.
12. What reasoning can be deduced that motivated Pope Leo III to crown Charlemagne as emperor of
Europe?
The Byzantine Empire declared to have unified the West and East again like Constantine of Rome had
done. The Pope was showing no respect for the rule of a female of the Byzantine Empire by appointing a
German Emperor to rule over the western half.
13. How will Charlemagne strengthen his royal power? (357)
By limiting the authority of the nobles
14. What did Charlemagne’s royal agents do? (357)
To govern his empire, made sure the counts governed justly.
15. What was a count? (357)
Powerful landholders in Europe at the time
16. How did Charlemagne challenge traditional Germanic government?
He centralized it. (Visited every part of kingdom, kept a close watch on the management of his huge
estates-the source of Carolingian wealth and power)
17. In what way did Charlemagne lead a revival of learning? (357)
Encouraged learning by surrounding himself with English, German, Italian and Spanish scholars. He opened a
palace school for his children and those children of the members of his court. He also ordered monasteries to open
schools to train monks and priests. The time of increased learning is known as the Carolingian Renaissance.
18. Who succeeded Charlemagne? (357)
His son Louis the Pious
19. What does Pious mean?
The Webster dictionary defines it as marked by or showing reverence (respect) for deity and devotion to
divine worship.
20. Was Charlemagne successor an effective ruler? (357)
Though Louis was devoutly religious man, he was an ineffective ruler.
21. Who did Louis the Pious leave the kingdom to? (357)
He left it to his three sons; Lothair, Charles the Bald and Louis the German
22. What did Louis’ successors do with the kingdom? (357)
They fought one another for control of the Empire.
23. What was the Treaty of Verdun of 843 CE? (357)
A treaty all brothers signed dividing the empire into three kingdoms.
24. What was the result of the Treaty of Verdun on the Carolingian kings? (357)
Carolingian kings lost their power and central authority broke down. Eventually this lack of central
authority led to a new system of governing and landholding known as feudalism.