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DAY 1 NOTES
FRENCH
REVOLUTION
1780
France controlled by
OLD REGIME
 Absolute Monarchy
 Louis XVI (1774)
 Inherited Privileges of
the Nobles
 Society divided into “3
Estates” based on Birth
 Power of Church
FRENCH ESTATES
FIRST ESTATE
Clergy
SECOND ESTATE
st
1
nd
2
and
Estates
paid NO TAXES
Nobles
• “Old Money”
• inherited Privileges
• held positions in Church, army, and government
THIRD ESTATE
“COMMONERS”
Divided into 3 Groups:
Bourgeoisie
Sans Culottes
Peasants
• largest group
RD
3
Estate paid
ALL TAXES
CAUSES OF FRENCH REVOLUTION
1)Debt
•
wars, Versailles, poor tax system
2)Enlightenment Ideas
• freedom, justice, equality
• Success based on merit and education NOT birth
3)Ssuccess of American Revolution
• Inspired French to fight against government
• teachings of John Locke
4)Poor leadership of King Louis XVI
5)Population Increase
6)Drought / Famine
CAUSES OF FRENCH REVOLUTION
7)Mistreatment of the 3rd Estate
 No social mobility…class based on birth
 No political power…could not change laws
 PAID ALL TAXES
Bourgeoisie
• wanted EQUALITY with 2nd Estate nobles
Sans Culottes
• wanted improved working conditions and pay
• upset at 1st / 2nd Estates for not paying taxes
Peasants
• paid RENT and DUES to Nobles
• tax burden too much for them
Jan 1789
5.5.1789
Problem:
Abbe Sieyes asked
“ What is the 3rd Estate?”
Answer = Everything
“What has it been so far?”
Answer = Nothing
“What does it want to be?”
Answer = Something
DAY 2 NOTES
Why would the
rd
3 Estate be
against this
method of
voting?
Louis XVI called a meeting of the
ESTATES GENERAL to try and find a solution
omeeting of all 3 estates
ohad not been called since 1614
last time Estates General voted on issues
EACH ESTATE GOT 1 VOTE
3rd Estate proposed that each representative at the
Estates General get 1 vote
6.17.1789
3rd Estate declared themselves the
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY because they felt they
represented France
TENNIS COURT OATH
stay together until a
Constitutional Monarchy was formed
Beginning of French Revolution
7.1.1789
Louis XVI ordered thousands of troops to
Paris to provide “protection”
“commoners” feared the troops had
been called to “end” the National
Assembly
JULY 14, 1789
OVERTHROW OF THE BASTILLE
storehouse for guns/ammo
Symbolic beginning of FRENCH REVOLUTION
7.15.1789
Louis XVI dismissed the army
too late to prevent revolution
SPREAD OF THE FRENCH
REVOLUTION
GREAT FEAR
•Rumors of nobles sending “hitmen” to
kill peasants
•peasants began killing nobles and
destroying “contracts”
EMIGRES began fleeing France
•2nd Estate Nobles
•feared for their lives
National Assembly Takes Control
DAY 3 NOTES
August 5, 1789
AUGUST DECREES
•National Assembly ended privileges of the
nobles
 EVERYONE taxed
•Old Regime is DEAD!!!
August 27, 1789
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN
•French “Declaration of Independence”
•Slogan = Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
October 5, 1789
WOMEN’S MARCH ON VERSAILLES
•women upset with lack of bread and high
bread prices
•brought “Royal family” back to Paris
Fear of French Plague
As French Revolution continued, many European
leaders feared the “FRENCH PLAGUE”
• did not want “Enlightenment” ideas spreading to their
country
June 20, 1791
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
tried to flee France for Austria
•caught and brought back
•“Radicals” wanted monarchy
ended
 King committed Treason
Legislative Assembly Forms
Sept 13, 1791
Constitution of 1791 was created
•Constitutional Monarchy was created
•Legislative Assembly formed
 controlled by Moderates
Different groups developed with different
ideas on how France should develop
RADICALS
Sat on Left
“Left-wingers”
Wanted a Republic
MODERATES
Sat in Middle
“Centrists”
Supported the
Constitutional
Monarchy
CONSERVATIVES
Sat on Right
“Right-wingers”
Wanted to re-develop
an Absolute Monarchy
War against Austria / Prussia
April 20, 1792
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY declares war on
Austria and Prussia
French Army was poorly prepared, trained, and supplied
France losing
power of “Radicals” began to increase
July 28, 1792
BRUNSWICK MANIFESTO from Prussia
•warning to not harm royal family
•Revolutionaries were being “called out”
•Increased French pride
National Convention Forms
Sept 20, 1792
Battle of Valmy
•victory over Austria / Prussia
•power of Radicals increased
Sept 21, 1792
Legislative Assembly ends and
National Convention forms
led by the Radicals (Jacobins)
Robespierre was main leader
abolished the monarchy
Established a Republic
found Louis XVI guilty of treason
January 21, 1793 - Louis XVI – “razored”
REIGN OF TERROR
JACOBINS in “total control”
DAY 4 NOTES
create COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
eliminate “Enemies of the Revolution”
begin “REIGN OF TERROR”
•Marie Antoinette beheaded
By 1794
France was becoming stronger
pushed Austria and Prussia back
people called on the “Reign of Terror” to
end
 “silenced” enemies inside of France
Robespierre = NO!
Thermidorian Reaction
THERMIDORIAN REACTION
•people wanted Robespierre stopped
•Robespierre was executed
France was ready for change
National Convention ended…”Frenchies” ready to move past
paranoia of rule by radicals
Directory was created
5 Moderates
•corrupt, backstabbing, power hungry
•did not fix problems
•but better than killing “Frenchies” during “Reign of Terror”
11.9.1799
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE overthrows the government
•
“Coup d’etat”
NAPOLEON TAKES CONTROL
After 10 years of change and terror with
French Revolution, France was ready to
accept a dictator
set up a “police state
used spies
Napoleon used Plebescite elections to
gauge his popularity
•Vote “Yes” or “No”
1800 1st Consul
1802 Consul for Life
1804 Emperor of France
Established
“Order, Security,
Efficiency”
ALL Citizens pay
taxes
Government jobs
based on MERIT
Louisiana
Purchase $15
million
Started Lycées
(public schools)
Established a
National Bank
Concordat of
1801
made peace w/
Catholic Church
NAPOLEONIC CODE
•equality
•forbid privileges
based on Birth
•Abolished
Feudalism
NEGATIVES
Slavery was
restored in the
French colonies.
Limited
•Free speech
•Women’s Rights
Napoleon’s military
1805 - Battle of TRAFALGAR
DAY 5 NOTES
French Naval loss to England
IMPACT OF LOSS
o France could not invade England
o Napoleon became obsessed with defeating England
NAPOLEON’S MISTAKES
Mistake #3
Mistake #1
Mistake #2
Russian Invasion
Peninsular War
Continental
(1812)
(1808))
System (1806)
Napoleon
attempted to
weaken Britain
with a blockade
-no one in
Europe could
trade with
England
-British Navy
used a counter
blockade
Attempt to make
brother, Joseph,
king of Spain
Spain used
1)Guerilla War
2)Nationalism
Stalemate
“Spanish Ulcer”
Napoleon invaded
Russia…Alexander
I would not stop
trading with
England
Napoleon
Retreated
1)Russia used
Scorched-Earth
policy
2)Winter
1813
Battle of Leipzig
Napoleon is attacked by Grand Alliance
(Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden and
Austria) during retreat
3.20.1815
Napoleon escaped from Elba and
returned to France…still loved by
the French
6.22.1815
BATTLE OF WATERLOO
Grand Alliance defeats Napoleon and exiles him to
St. Helena
2 MAIN FACTORS FOR NAPOLEON’S
MILITARY FAILURES
1) FAILURE TO DEFEAT ENGLAND
2) RISE OF NATIONALISM IN OTHER COUNTRIES
countries unified against France
showed the power of Nationalism
NAPOLEON’S LEGACY
• Military Success
– 1st ruler in 1000 years to control Europe
• Napoleonic Code - GREATEST ACHIEVMENT
– "My true glory is not to have won 40 battles...Waterloo will
erase the memory of so many victories. ... But...what will live
forever, is my Civil Code.“
– Greatest Achievement
•
•
•
•
Spread Enlightenment ideas
Growth of nationalism throughout Europe
Metric system
Louisiana Purchase
– $15 million to U.S.