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Name
Date
Period
XBIO: Evolution Review (Chapters 14-16)
Vocabulary/Terms to know…
Abiogenesis
Acquired Characteristics
Adaptation
Allele frequency
Allopatric speciation
Analogous Structures
Biochemistry
Biogenesis
Bottleneck effect
Directional selection
Disruptive selection
Embryology
Endosymbiont Hypothesis
Evolution
Extinction
Fossils
Founder effect
Gene pool
Genetic drift
Genetic equilibrium
Genetic Variations
Geographic isolation
Gradualism
Homologous Structures
Microevolution
Natural Selection
Question
1. How old is the Earth?
2. What three scientists helped to prove
biogenesis?
3. Which scientist put meat in 2 jars with one
covered and on uncovered?
4. What scientist FINALLY proved biogenesis
by putting broth in a flask with a curved
neck (life did not grow in the flask until the
curved neck was broken off)?
5. What did the endosymbiont hypothesis help
to explain?
6. Whose early theory of evolution was the
theory of use and disuse?
7. What is another name for the Theory of
Use and Disuse?
8. Why was Lamarck’s theory incorrect?
9. Who is considered the “Father of
Phenotype frequency
Population genetics
Punctuated equilibrium
Reproductive isolation
Speciation
Spontaneous Generation
Stabilizing selection
Survival of the Fittest
Sympatric speciation
Theory of Use & Disuse
Vestigial Structures
Answer
4-4.6 billion years old
Redi, Spallanzani, Pastuer
Redi
Pastuer
How eukaryotes evolved – smaller prokaryotes
lived inside larger prokaryotes and they
became so dependent on each other that they
needed to live together always, when the
larger one reproduced so did the smaller ones
inside
Lamarck
Theory of Acquired Characteristics
Characteristics obtained during an organism’s
life are not in their DNA therefore they
cannot be passed on to future generations
Darwin
10.
11.
12.
13.
Evolution”?
What was the name of the ship that Darwin
sailed around the world on?
What is the name of Darwin’s theory?
What is another phrase that would
describe Darwin’s theory?
What are the four components of Darwin’s
theory?
14. What does it mean when an organism is
described as “fit”?
15. What are the four pieces that support
Darwin’s theory of evolution?
16. What are two ways to tell how old a fossil
is?
17. What are structures that are similar in
structure but differ in function?
18. What are structures that no longer serve a
useful function in a species?
19. What are four examples of vestigial
structures?
20. What does comparing the embryos of
different species suggest?
21. What are some biochemicals that living
organisms have?
22. How do variations in organisms happen?
23. Are mutations good, bad, or it depends?
24. When would a mutation be considered a bad
HMS Beagle
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Survival of the Fittest
1) Living things overproduce
2) There is genetic variation among offspring
3) There is competition/a struggle to survive
4) Nature determines which traits are passed
onto the next generation (natural selection)
The organism is able to survive longer than
others in the population AND reproduce to
pass on the characteristics that allowed them
to survive longer in the first place
1) fossils
2) comparative anatomy
3) comparative embryology
4) comparative biochemistry
5) biogeography
1) relative dating – seeing where the fossil was
found in relation to the layer or rock or other
things found in the same place
2) carbon 14 dating – determining how much
carbon is left and comparing that to carbon-14
half-life
homologous structures
vestigial structures
3rd eyelid, appendix, tailbone (in humans),
wisdom teeth
Since the embryos look similar we must have
similar proteins being made by similar DNA – it
must have come from a common place
(ancestor)
DNA, ATP, hemoglobin, insulin
1) When the sperm meets with the egg new
combinations of genes are made
2) Mutations when sex cells are made
it depends
When it puts the organism that inherits it at a
thing?
25. When would a mutation be considered a
good thing?
26. Where do mutations come from?
27. When comparing DNA, Organism A and
Organism B have 10 differences in their
DNA and Organism A and Organism C have
25 differences in their DNA. Is Organism
A more closely related to Organism B or C?
28. What is the study of evolution from a
genetic point of view?
29. What is a change in the collective genetic
material of a population?
30. What are 3 sources of variation?
31. What is the total genetic information
available in a population?
32. If disruptions to genetic equilibrium occur,
what might happen?
33. What 5 disruptions that may occur to
genetic equilibrium?
34. What are 2 types of genetic drift?
35. What are 3 types of natural selection?
36. What is the process of species formation?
37. What two types of isolation may result in
new species?
38. What are the two ideas about the rate at
which speciation occur?
disadvantage
When it gives the organism that inherits it an
advantage
Changes in the DNA
B because they have more similar DNA
population genetics
microevolution
mutations, recombination, and random pairing
of gametes
gene pool
evolution
mutations, gene flow, genetic drift, nonrandom
mating, natural selection
bottleneck effect and founder effect
directional, disruptive, and stabilizing
speciation
geographic and reproductive
gradualism and punctuated equilibrium