Download British Colonies

Unit 1.3
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Enclosure Movement – wool prices rise. More farms with
pastures fenced in by private owners and common areas
eliminated. Unemployed “gangs” needing a place to go.
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Ireland – formation of plantations and Indentured servants
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Where will many of them go to find new opportunities?
Laborers under contract for a set period of years (7 common)
***Indentured Servants – labor system used early on in
British North American colonies on plantations
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Transformed agriculture
 Plantation
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system – cash crops
Used indentured servants in beginning
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Why be one?
1620 – 1st Africans as indentured servants
 Headright
System – 50 acres of land for each family
member and/or indentured servant you brought over
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How would that help both the colonies and England?
 House
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of Burgesses established in Virginia in 1619
White landowners able to create some of their own
laws in a representative assembly
Republicanism – using representatives to make laws
How will this be like the future U.S.?
 Bacon’s
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Western farmers on frontier attacked by Indians
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Rebellion – 1675
Many former Indentured Servants
Gov. William Berkeley would not send troops
Nathaniel Bacon would lead militia against Indians and then
attacked tidewater plantations (rich)
Rebellion put down after Bacon killed
Would lead to a less use of Indentured servants and more
slaves.
What other American “ideals” does this show?
Church of England
(Anglican Church) started
by King Henry VIII
 Idea of Predestination
started by John Calvin
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Calvinism
Protestant / Catholic
conflicts in England
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Where do Catholics now go?
Separatists – wanted to
separate from Church of
England (Pilgrims)
 Puritans – wanted to
purify the church
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Pilgrims were Separatists
 Landed at Plymouth Plantation in 1620
 William Bradford – leader
 Squanto and Samoset – Indians that helped them
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Why did the Indians helped them?
 1st Thanksgiving – What’s the real story?
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Pilgrims/Plymouth eventually overrun by
Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans
 By
supplying American Indian allies with
deadlier weapons and alcohol and by
rewarding Indian military actions, Europeans
helped increase the intensity and
destructiveness of American Indian warfare.
 Mayflower
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Signed when Pilgrims landed
Idea of majority rule, but protection of minorities.
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Compact
Why did they have this?
Also lead to the idea of the Supremacy Clause in
the U.S. Constitution.
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1630 – 1000 Puritans in families arrived
Organized with mixture of skilled trades
 How was this different from Jamestown?
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Great Migration – 20,000+ moved
 Theocracy led by John Winthrop
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(English Civil War)
“City upon a Hill” by Winthrop – Boston as a model
for the rest of the world (Utopia)
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Puritan laws, education, family based on religion
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Idea of the Puritan/Protestant Work Ethic
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Harvard – 1st college in America – Why started?
“Idle hands are the devil’s work”
Based on Predestination idea
What would be a problem with this?
 Halfway Covenant – allowed baptism of children who
were not believers. Why?
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Roger Williams
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Idea of “Liberty of
Conscience” – freedom of
religion
Believed in separation of
church and government
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How will this fit into the
future of the U.S.?
Fled in 1636 and started
colony of Rhode Island
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Anne Hutchinson
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Believed in Antinomianism
“free will” / conversion /
“saved”
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Opposite of predestination
How will this fit into the future of
the U.S.?
Preached to men
Banned in 1638, she and her
followers moved to Rhode
Island
Pequot War – 1637,
nearly wiped out tribe
 King Phillip’s War – 1675
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Splitting of Iroquois
 Showed impact of flintlock
What was the policy with the
Native Americans?
Puritans made little effort to
work with Indians.
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Salem Witchcraft Trials –
1692
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Tituba and young girls
19 hung, 1 pressed, 150+
jailed
Conflicts – Religious
tensions, Indian pressure,
Wealth/Jealousy
Effect – power of church
decreases
 Great
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Series of revivals, rebirth of church
Creation of new churches
Middle and lower classes
How does this fit into independence later?
 “New
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Awakening (1730s and 40s)
Light” Preachers
Against “old light” ideas
“Fire and Brimstone” Sermons
Jonathon Edwards – “Sinners at the hands of an
Angry God”
George Whitfield
What were some early American ideals that were
established in the Virginia and Plymouth colonies?
 What is Indentured Servitude and why would
someone do it?
 Why were Indentured Servants used early on in
America, but later not used as much?
 The Puritans came to America for religious
freedom, but what happened when someone
disagreed with them? Give examples.
 Which colony’s settlers were better prepared when
they arrived and why – Virginia or Massachusetts?

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-
iRa6jtuh4 - review video
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_A7N7qFia8 – APUSH We didn’t start the fire
 http://www.earlyamerica.com/ - Early
America Archives
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8BwWB
c571k&playnext=1&list=PL46F79A6BB3CD6CA
B&feature=results_main – School House Rock
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4muR7RumaA – sinners sermon