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Caroline Roxon
Test
Questions
Evolution
Variation
Classification
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Define Evolution.
The process of cumulative change in the heritable
Characteristics of a population
Row 1, Col 1
What do members of a species show?
VARIATION
1,2
List the 7 levels in the hierarchy of taxa.
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order
Family, Genus, Species
1,3
What is a statement that most accurately describes the
plants Clarkia cylindrica, Clarkia deflexa, and Clarkia
similis?
All three belong to the same genus
But they belong to different species
1,4
What do populations tend to do more of that the
environment cannot support?
produce offspring
2,1
How does sexual reproduction promote variation in
species?
1. Meiosis
2. Fertilization
EXPLAIN!!!
2,2
Outline the binomial system of nomenclature.
First name always capitalized
Refers to name of genus
Second name in lower case
Refers to name of species
Written in italics or underlined if handwritten
Reasons for this?
2,3
Describe how sexual reproduction promotes genetic
variation within a species.
Meiosis—crossing over and chiasma forming in
Prophase 1
Random orientation and assortment of homologous
Chromosomes at metaphase 1
Fertilization by chance—one of many male gametes
Number of different gametes is 2^n
Genes/alleles combined from two parents
2,4
Explain the consequence of potential overproduction of
offspring.
Too many offspring and not enough resources
High demand for water, space, nutrients, sunlight but limited supply
Consequence is competition for resources to stay alive
STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL
Territorial habits of animals
Trees grow taller to compete for sunlight
Deforestation (animals/plants vs. humans)
3,1
Explain how natural selection leads to evolution.
Overproduction of offspring and natural variation due to genetic
Differences within offspring (useful genes lead to better chance of survival)
Poorly adapted characteristics less successful at accessing resources
Well adapted characteristics more successful better chance of maturing
Survive to adulthood successful organisms have a chance to reproduce
Pass on genes to next generation
Accumulation of changes in heritable characteristics in population leads
To gene pool being changed
3,2
Name characteristics of bryophyta, filicinophyta,
coniferophyta, and angiospermophyta.
Bryophyta: non-vascular plants (no true vascular transport
Tissue inside xylem/phloem); produce spores that are transported
By water and ground humidity; very short statue; mosses
Filicinophyta: vascular plants; produce spores that are spread by
Water And ground humidity; ferns
Coniferophyta: woody stems with needle leaves or scales;
use wind To reproduce by seed cones with seed scales;
cedar, juniper, fir, pine trees
Angiospermophyta: flowers and fruit; rely on birds and
insects for Pollination from flowers; fruits hold seeds
3,3
With reference to one example, discuss the theory of
evolution by natural selection.
ex: antibiotic resistance in bacteria; beak size of Darwin’s Finches
Populations grow exponentially. More offspring than the
Environment can sustain. Populations still remain constant.
Individuals in populations show variation. Mutations are a source of
Variation. Individuals may have characteristics better suited for the
Environment. The variation has to be heritable. Those individuals
Will survive and reproduce and leave more offspring. Population
Will tend to accumulate the adaptation. Population will evolve. Theory
Proposed by Darwin.
3,4
Outline the evidence of evolution provided by fossil records,
selective breeding of domesticated animals, and homologous
structures.
Fossil Record: life 500 million years ago very different than today.
Even though extensive oceans, fish fossils only found in rock 500
Million years old or younger (15% of history)
No top predators of today existed during dinosaurs.
Many living organisms have no identical form in fossil record.
Artificial selection: breeders learn to choose the males and females
With the most desirable genetic traits based on their offspring’s traits
Certain combinations of genes exist today that did not exist before due
To selective breeding.
Homologous structure: similar in form/function found in dissimilar
Species. Humans, whales, bats have pentadactyl limbs.
Common ancestor.
4,1
Explain two exs. Of evolution in response to environmental
change.
Ex.1 antibiotic resistance in bacteria: antibiotics given to kill/inhibit
Growth of bacteria. Most bacteria die but some with a genetic mutation
Survive. Multiplies, leading to further infection once antibiotics stopped.
Same antibiotics given again, does not help. Resistant to this med.
Mutations and plasmid transfer within bacteria. New strains of syphilis
And TB.
Ex.2 pesticide resistance in rats: kills most of rats. Some survive due to
Natural variations. Reproduce and have resistance offspring. Re-spray
Pesticide but to little or no effect. New pesticide needed.
4,2
Distinguish between porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes,
annelida, mollusca, and arthropoda.
Porifera: sponges; sessile (stuck in place); no mouths/digestive tracts;
Filter feed; no muscle or nerve tissue or internal organs.
Cnidaria: corals and jellies; stinging cells; some are sessile others are
Free swimming; catch food with tentacles/gastric pouch
Platyhelminthes: flatworms; one body cavity (gut, opening for food and
One for waste); no heart/lungs
Annelida: segmented worms; bristles on bodies; gastric tracts
Mollusca: aquatic, snails, clams, octopuses; produce shell with Calcium
Arthropoda: hard exoskeleton w/chitin, segmented bodies, jointed limbs;
Insects, spiders, crabs, shrimps; over a million species
4,3
Apply and design a key for a group of up to 8 organisms.
Dichotomous Key Scavenger
Hunt!
4,4
(Type the question for 5,1 here.)?
Type the answer for 5,1 here.
5,1
(Type the question for 5,2 here.)?
Type the answer for 5,2 here.
5,2
(Type the question for 5,3 here.)?
Type the answer for 5,3 here.
5,3
(Type the question for 5,4 here.)?
Type the answer for 5,4 here.
5,4