Download Intro to Metabolism PPT

The totality of an organism’s chemical
reactions
 http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembo
ok/610citricac.html
 https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/736x/ef/7b/51/ef7b512
df0a5ce651dbbeea3300202d5.jpg
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Anabolic and catabolic
Which reactions release energy?
Which reactions consume energy?
Which reactions break down molecules?
Which reactions build up larger molecules?
Which reactions are considered “uphill”?
What type of reaction is photosynthesis?
What type of reaction is cellular respiration?
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Contrast kinetic energy with potential
energy.
Which type of energy does water behind a
dam have? A mole of glucose?
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/thumb/5/57/Hydroelectric_dam.svg
/1280px-Hydroelectric_dam.svg.png
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/en
ergy-skate-park
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/glucosemolecule-11063520.jpg
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What is free energy? What is its symbol?
› Endothermic - absorbs heat, H > 0
› Exothermic - releases heat,H < 0
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Reactions can also be classified according
to the change in the free energy of the
reaction:
› Endergonic - NON-SPONTANEOUS, G > 0
› Exergonic - SPONTANEOUS, G < 0
Is cellular respiration an endergonic or
an exergonic reaction? What is ∆G for
this reaction?
 Is photosynthesis endergonic or
exergonic? What is the energy source
that drives it?
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List the three main kinds of work that a
cell does. Give an example of each.
 1. Chemical work
 2. Transport work
 3. Mechanical work
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W
Which bond is likely to break?
By what process will that bond break?
 When the terminal phosphate is broken,
a molecule of inorganic phosphate Pi is
formed, and energy is ___________?
 For this reaction ATP  ADP + Pi, ∆G = ?
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What is energy coupling? See Fig. 8.10
 In many cellular reactions, a phosphate
group is transferred from ATP to some
other molecule in order to make the
second molecule less stable. The
second molecule is said to be
____________.
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http://www.indiana.edu/~oso/animation
s/SN2%2BE.html
 What is a catalyst?
 What is activation energy? See Fig. 8.14
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What effect does an enzyme have on
EA?
 Is ∆G positive or negative?
 How is ∆G affected by the enzyme?
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http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/m
edia/ch08/08_17CatalyticCycle.jpg
 What is meant by induced fit?
 Explain how protein structure is involved
in enzyme specificity.
 Enzymes use a variety of mechanisms to
lower activation energy. Describe four
of these mechanisms.
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1. acting as a template for substrate
orientation
 2. stressing the substrates and stabilizing
the transition state
 3. providing a favorable
microenvironment
 4. participating directly in the catalytic
reaction
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Many factors can affect the rate of enzyme
action. Explain each factor listed below.
A. Initial concentration of substrate
B. pH
C. Temperature
Why can extremes of pH or very high
temperatures affect enzyme activity?
Name a human enzyme that functions well
in pH 2. Where is it found?
Distinguish between cofactors and
coenzymes. Give examples of each.
 Compare and contrast competitive
inhibitors and noncompetitive inhibitors.
 http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/c
ontent/chp06/0602001.html
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