Download Differences Between North and South

FirestarterWhat was the most
interesting thing you
learned from the
slavery statistics?
Causes of the Civil War
Differences Between
North and South
North
 Highly
industrialized
 Vast networks of railroads for
trade
North
Communication network –
telegraph lines were strung along
the railroads
 Immigrant workers settled in the
North and worked in the factories.
 Against slavery because they felt
it would compete with paid labor

South
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Mainly rural –
plantations and small
farms
Use rivers to transport
goods
Southern economy
relied on staple crops
like cotton – “King
Cotton”
Few immigrants settled
here – there was not a
need for labor because
of slavery
Missouri Compromise

a series of
agreements passed
by Congress to
maintain the balance
of power between
slave and free states.

Line 36 degree 30’
north latitude – north
of that line was free –
south of it was slave
Wilmot Proviso
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“neither slavery or involuntary servitude
shall ever exist” in any territory the United
States might acquire as a result of the war
with Mexico.
Divided Congress along regional lines –
Northerners supported it and Southerners
opposed it
It was approved by the House of
Representatives but the Senate rejected it.
Statehood for California

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1849 – California applied
to join the Union
California’s constitution
forbade slavery
This surprised the south
– they assumed it would
enter as a slave state
because most of it lay
south of the Missouri
Compromise Line.
South saw this as an
attack on their Southern
way of life.
The Senate Debates


The issue of slavery was hotly debated
in the Senate in 1849.
The South threatened secession – the
formal withdrawal of a state from the
Union.
And Now a Little Intermission…

Clay’s Compromise: Henry Clay
worked day and night to find a
common ground – this became
known as The Compromise of 1850
 California admitted as a free state
 Popular sovereignty in Utah and
New Mexico
 Fugitive Slave Act – required people
in the free states to help capture
and return escaped slaves.
Resistance Against Slavery


Some Northerners
refused to follow the
fugitive slave law
Underground Railroad –
secret network of people
who would aid fugitive
slaves in their escape.

Harriet Tubman – most
famous “conductor” –
former slave – she
returned to the South 19
times and escorted nearly
300 people to freedom in
the North.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe - novel
made slavery not only a political struggle but
a moral struggle.
Tension in Kansas - Nebraska
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Bill introduced in Congress
by Sen. Stephen Douglas to
divide the area into two
territories: Nebraska in the
north and Kansas in the
South.
This would repeal the
Missouri Compromise and
establish popular
sovereignty for both
territories.
After months of bitter debate
the Kansas-Nebraska Act
was passed
"Come on, then, gentlemen of the slave
states. Since there is no escaping your
challenge, we accept it in the name of
freedom. We will engage in competition
for the virgin soil of Kansas, and God give
the victory to the side which is stronger in
numbers, as it is in right."
-- Senator William Seward, on the passage
of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, May 1854

“Bleeding Kansas”

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“border ruffians” – from
Missouri voted illegally –
won the election and set
up a government
Abolitionists were furious
and organized a rival
government
Violence erupts
 Homes looted,
buildings burned,
printing presses
destroyed
“Bleeding Kansas”

John Brown
(Abolitionist)– believed
false accounts that five
men were killed by a
proslavery mob.
 He pulled five men
from their beds and
hacked off their
hands and stabbed
them.
The Beat Down in the Senate

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Violence over the issue of
slavery spreads to the
Senate
Senator Charles Sumner
delivered an impassioned
speech attacking his
colleagues for their support
of slavery
An angered nephew of South
Carolina’s Sen. Butler entered the
chamber and accused Sumner of
libel and hit him with his cane
repeatedly – Sumner suffered
brain damage and didn’t return for
three years
Anti-Slavery Parties

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Free-Soilers:
opposed the
extension of slavery
into the territories.
Supported workers
– pro-labor.
Republican –
opposed expansion
of slavery into
territories
Democratic Party

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Split on the issue
of slavery
Supported states’
rights
Limited
government
Dred Scott Decision

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Dred Scott - a slave from
Missouri whose owner
had taken him north to
the free state of Illinois
Dred sued for his
freedom
Supreme Court ruled –
slaves did not have the
rights of citizens
Missouri Compromise
was unconstitutional as
it interfered with the
rights of property owners
to own property
Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Illinois senate race between Abraham
Lincoln and two-time senator Stephen
Douglas
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Democrat

Douglas – believed in
popular sovereignty to
determine slave or free
 Slavery was not
immoral – it was a
backward labor
system that would
eventually go away
with popular
sovereignty
Republican
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Lincoln – slavery is
immoral – a labor
system based on greed
Need legislation in the
territories to stop the
spread of slavery
Lincoln lost the election
but these debates put
him in the national
spotlight and people
considered him as a
candidate for the
presidency.
Harper’s Ferry
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John Brown – ardent
abolitionist – led a slave
uprising of black and
white men in Harper’s
Ferry
His goal – seize the
federal arsenal, capture
arms and start a slave
uprising
60 of the town’s citizens
were captured in hopes
that their slaves would join
the uprising
Harper’s Ferry
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No slaves joined the uprising
Local troops killed eight of Brown’s men
Brown was captured and tried for treason and
later hanged

John Brown being
led to his
execution.
Election of 1860

Three major
candidates:
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Northern Democrats –
Stephen Douglas
Southern Democrats –
Vice President
Breckinridge
Republicans – Abraham
Lincoln
Constitutional Union
Party –
John Bell
Lincoln Becomes President


Lincoln wins with less
than half of the popular
vote and no electoral
votes from the South
States in the South
respond by secession –
South Carolina was first
Lincoln election is last straw!
The Confederacy is Born

Delegates from the seven
secessionist states met in
Montgomery, Alabama to
form the Confederate States
of America
 Jefferson Davis is elected
president
 The confederate
constitution was similar to
the U.S. Constitution but it
specifically protected and
recognized slavery and
stated that states were
sovereign and
independent.
The Big Question…
 Would
the North allow the
South to leave the Union
without a fight?
The War Begins at Fort Sumter

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The Confederacy ordered
that Fort Sumter be turned
over to them or face attack.
Jefferson Davis ordered an
attack on Fort Sumter on
April 12, 1861 and it was
surrendered to the South
Virginia seceded – they
were unwilling to fight other
southerners – by May the
confederacy consisted of 11
states
Major Causes of the Civil War
Differences between North and South
 Missouri Compromise
 Compromise of 1850
 Violence - Kansas-Nebraska/
Harper’s Ferry
 Legality - Dred Scott Decision
 Lincoln’s Election/Secession

Your Assignment…15 Pts

Create a poem or mnemonic device to help you
remember the causes of the Civil War.

Here’s an Example:
My Nice New Car Needs Re Painted. Maybe Dark Violet? No Shiny Gold!

The Original 13 States:
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New York
Connecticut
New Jersey
Rhode Island
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Delaware
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia