Download Describing Data

Describing Data
1. Name the type of graphs that can be used to display numerical univariate data.
2. What comparing 2 of each of the varieties of these graphs what are the 3 most
important factors to describe? What other factors can be mentioned?
3. What types of graphs display bivariate data?
4. What are the measures of center we have studied? What are their strengths and
weaknesses?
5. What can be said about the shape of a distribution if the median is greater then the
mean?
6. Name the measures of spread we have studied.
7. Give a formula and interpretation for the standard deviation.
8. What are the values make up the 5 number summary on a boxplot?
9. How do you find outliers?
10. What measures of relative standing have we studied?
11. Give the percentages for the Empirical Rule.
AP considerations
Labels, scales, descriptions (#2), show work, context.
Experimental Design
1. What is the difference between an experiment and an observational study?
2. When can you generalize to the population?
3. When can you determine cause and effect?
4. Name the 5 types of samples and describe how random selection is used in each.
5. What is sampling bias?
6. Name and give an example of each type of sampling bias.
7. What is a confounding variable?
8. What are the 4 key concepts in experimental design?
9. What is the single most important feature of any experiment?
10. What is the name of the variable that is manipulated and the variable that is measured
in an experiment?
11. How are extraneous factors eliminated so they do not become confounding factors in an
experiment?
12. What is a completely randomized experimental design? Randomized block design?
Matched Pairs?
13. Summarize the purpose of a control group, placebo, and single and double blinding.
14. What is an experimental unit?
AP Considerations:
Read carefully for what you need to describe.
If required describe how you will run the experiment, how you will collect the data and what
hypothesis test may be necessary.
Block homogenously.
Describe random assignment of treatments thoroughly.
Study old problems for scenarios.
Basic Probability
1. What outcomes are in A or B? A and B?
2. What is the complement rule?
3. What are mutually exclusive/disjoint events?
4. What are independent events?
5. What is the law of large numbers?
6. What is conditional probability and what is its formula?
7. What is the multiplication rule?
8. What is the addition rule?
9. What is check for independence?
10. Are disjoint events independent?
11. What are the important steps in doing a probability simulation?
Probability Distributions
1. Find the mean and standard deviation of the following probability distribution.
x
0
1
2
3
4
P(x)
.25
.2
.2
.15
.2
2. X is a normal distribution with mean of 5 and standard deviation of .8 while Y is a
normal distribution with mean of 7 and standard deviation of 1.2. If these are
independent distributions find each:
a.
3X
b. 2Y + 4
c. X + Y
d. X – Y
3. What are the properties of a binomial distribution?
4. What is the formula for a binomial distribution?
5. What calculator commands can be used to shorten calculations?
6. Ryan Braun is about a .300 hitter. What is the probability of each?
a. The probability of 3 hits in 5 at bats in the next game?
b. The probability of more then 3 hits in 5 at bats in the next game?
c. The probability of less then 3 hits in 5 at bats in the next game?
d.
The probability of getting his first hit on his 4th at bat of the game?
7. What are normalcdf and invnorm used for?
8. What should a normal probability plot look like to support the fact that the sample comes
from a normal population?
Sampling distributions
The distribution of the values of a statistic is called a sampling distribution.
1. Describe the sampling distribution of sample means.
2. Describe the sampling distribution of sample proportions
3. What does the Central Limit Theorem state?
4. The average lifespan of a TV is normally distributed with a mean of 10000 hours with a
standard deviation of 125 hours.
a. What is the probability that a TV will last more then 10100 hours?
b. What is the probability that a sample of 10 TVs will have a mean larger then
10100 hours?
5. The proportion of defective items in a shipment is .05. A sample of size 250 is selected,
what is the probability that the sample proportion of defects will exceed .07?
Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis tests
1. What is an unbiased estimator?
2. What factors should be considered when choosing a point estimator?
3. Give the hypothesis, test statistic with formula, and assumptions/conditions for the 1
sample proportions test. Then give the confidence interval formula.
4. What is the sample size formula for proportions?
5. Give the hypothesis, test statistic with formula, and assumptions/conditions for the 1
sample means test. Then give the confidence interval formula.
6. What is the sample size formula for means?
7. How do you get the z or t critical values in confidence intervals?
8. What are Type I and Type II error?
9. What is the power of a test and what factors affect it?
10. What is a p-value?
11. Give the hypothesis, test statistic with formula, and assumptions/conditions for the 2sample proportions test. Then give the confidence interval formula.
12. Give the hypothesis, test statistic with formula, and assumptions/conditions for the 2
sample independent means test. Then give the confidence interval formula.
13. Give the hypothesis, test statistic with formula, and assumptions/conditions for the
matched pairs means test. Then give the confidence interval formula.
14. Give the hypothesis, test statistic with formula, and assumptions/conditions for
Goodness of Fit test.
15. Give the hypothesis, test statistic with formula, and assumptions/conditions for the
Homogeneity test.
16. Give the hypothesis, test statistic with formula, and assumptions/conditions for the
Independence test.
17. How do you find the expected values for the test in #14-#16?
18. What does Chi-squared measure and what does the distribution look like?
19. Give the hypothesis, test statistic with formula, and assumptions/conditions for the
Model Utility test. Then give the confidence interval formula for the population slope.
20. Do you know how to read Computer Output for bivariate data?