Download File - Welcome to Mrs. Foley`s World History Class

The Muslim World
The Rise of Islam
The Prophet
Muhammad
- Muhammad, born in
Mecca around 570 a.d.
- Successful Merchant
- Married
- A good father
-Gabriel called him to be
the messenger of God.
Muhammad (Continued.)
• Urged Arabs to give up their gods + believe in
one true god, Allah.
• Muhammad and followers left Mecca for
Medina
• 630 a.d. – Muhammad returns to Mecca and
unites all Arabs under Islam.
• Muhammad died in 632 a.d.
• A religion, but also a way of life.
– Pray at mosques
– Follow the Qu’ran
Medina
Teaching of Islam
• Monotheistic
• Go to heaven or hell
• No official priests
Five Pillars of Islam
(5 basic duties)
1. Declaration of Faith
2. Daily Prayer – facing Mecca while
praying
Sacred text
called “The
Qu’ran”
3. Give Charity to the Poor
4. Fast from sunrise to sunset during
holy month of Ramadan
5. Hajj, or Pilgrimage to Mecca (Arabs
are expected to visit Mecca at least 1
time in lifetime)
The Spread of Islam
Movements within Islam
• Two Sects –
and
- Wanted
caliphs chosen
by Muslim
leaders
- 90% of
Muslims are
Sunni.
- Shiites saw
successor as
descendents of
Muhammad
Decline of the Caliphate
900’s a.d. – Turks moved into the Middle East and converted to
Islam
1095 a.d. – Pope Urban II calls for the first crusade because
Turks weren’t allowing Christian pilgrims to travel to Jerusalem.
1099 a.d. – Crusaders capture Jerusalem.
-next 150 years, fighting continued over Jerusalem.
Pope Urban II
1216 a.d. – Genghis Khan leads Mongols out of Asia into the
Middle East
1258 a.d. – The last caliph was killed by the Mongols, who then
adopted Islam for their own religion.
Genghis Khan
•Slaves existed. Muslims could not
be enslaved.
•Most Slaves were houseworkers.
It was considered an honor to be a
Merchant because Muhammad was a
Merchant.
•
• Religious Art was not allowed to portray
god or human figures.
• Used curved lines and
Calligraphy.
Islamic
Architecture
used giant
domes and
arches.
Islamic scholars
pioneered the
study of algebra,
medicnine and
public health
All islamic
children
received an
elementary
education.
- 1000 Afghans and Turks pushed into
India and made Delhi the capital, by
which a Sultan ruled.
-1398 a.d. – Tamerlane invaded India,
and took away Sultan’s rule. Brought
hinduism.
-There were a lot of differences
between the Muslims and the Hindus
-Many Hindu’s converted to the
Muslim faith.
Statue
dedicated to
Tamerlane in
his image.
- 1526 a.d. – Mongol/Turkish Invaders try to retake India
again.
- Babur was a military genius, author, and poet.
-Babur set up Mughal dynasty, which ruled from 1526 to
1857 a.d.
- His grandson was Akbar
-1556-1605, Akbar created a strong central
government which led to his title, Akbar the Great.
-Muslim law won support of Hindues, encouraged trade,
modernized army, and created land reforms.
The Taj Mahal
Akbar the Great
Babur
Jahangir
The Ottoman Empire
• Ottomans-another group came from Asia
• Enjoyed golden age under Sultan Suleiman the
Magnificent
• Ottomans ruled diverse people-Non-Muslims
organized into millets (religious communities
• Safavids (another group) were Shiite Muslims
• Ottomans were Sunni Muslims
• Both Ottoman and Safavid artists were
influenced by Persian styles