Download Chapter 21 Section 3: Challenge and Changes in the

Chapter 21 Section 3:
Challenge and Changes in the Movement
African Americans Seek Greater Equality
 De Facto Segregation: Segregation that exists by the practice and custom
 De Jure Segregation: Segregation by law, eliminating it requires changing
people’s attitudes rather than repealing laws
 “White Fight”: Great number of white moved out of the cities to the
nearby suburbs
 Many blacks were angry at the sometimes brutal treatment they received
from the mostly white police forces in their communities
 Between 1964 and 1968 more than 100 race riots erupted in major
American cities
 Voting Rights Act
 Race riot of Watts in Los Angeles
New Leaders Voice Discontent

Malcom X

Famous for his
controversial ideas
and opinions

Nation of Islam or
the Black Muslims

Media gave a great
deal of publicity
because of his
controversial
statements.
Ballots or Bullets
Malcolm
ended up leaving the
Nation of Islam.
After
visiting Mecca his
attitude toward Caucasians
changed drastically.
“Well
if you and I don’t use the
ballot, we’re going to be forced
to use the bullet. So lets try the
ballot.”
Assassinated
in a speech on
Harlem on February 21, 1965.
Black Power

“Walk against fear”

Many civil liberties groups joined
together to finish James
Meredith's march.

Became violent and King
attempted to promote peace by
singing “We Shall Overcome” but
many SNCC workers began singing
“We Shall Overrun”

Black Power became an important
remark to Carmichael.
Black Panthers

Founded by Huey
Newton and
Bobby Seale to
fight police
brutality.

Dressed in all
black,
sunglasses, and
berets.

Won lots of
support in the
ghettos.
1968 A Turning Points in Civil Rights

Kings death. Almost felt it coming in
April 3rd 1968 addressed in Memphis “I
may not get there with you but… we as a
people will get to the promise land.”

The next day King was assassinated by
James Earl Ray.

Many reactions occurred, Robert Kennedy
made a speech titled “A Eulogy” to
prevent violence.

Despite more then 100 cities rioted.

Kennedy also assassinated in 1968.
Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement

Kerner Commission (March 1st, 1968)

Civil Rights Act of 1968


Ended de jure segregation by bringing
about legal protection for the civil
rights of all Americans
Unfinished Work


A 200,000 word report warning of the
dangers of continued racism in America
Movements shifted towards changing
people’s attitudes and behavior
Affirmative Action

Involved making special efforts or enroll
groups that have suffered discrimination