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Greek and Latin Root Words Speech/Language January 2014 6th Grade ELA Standard Vocabulary Acquisition and Use 6.4(b) Use common Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible). Learning Objective We will use Greek and Latin word roots to expand our vocabulary and to determine the meaning of unknown words. What are we going to do today? Words are broken into parts that help us figure out their meaning: Prefixes: undo do un-- un un re-- re re refill fill ex-- ex ex extract tract Prefixes are at the beginning of words. pre- means before fix means attach, repair Suffixes: -ful joyful -ly sadly -ness kindness Suffixes are at the end of words. So, “prefix” means “attached before.” Which word part is found at the end of words? _______________________ We know that words are broken into parts that help us figure out their meaning. Prefixes Suffixes Prefix Meaning Example Suffix Meaning Example re- back, again refill -ful Having careful -less joyless tri- three triplet Without, missing un- not undo -ly In the manner of hopefully : An example of a prefix is ______ which means ______. How do word parts like prefixes and suffixes help us _______? A root is a set of letters that have meaning. It is the most basic form. Affixes (prefixes and suffixes) are added to the root to create a new word. Example: The Latin root “ject” means “throw”, So project can mean “to throw forward” • A root can be at the front, middle or end of a word. • Many words in the English language are based on Greek & Latin word roots. – What is a word root? _______________________ Learning Greek and Latin word roots can help expand your vocabulary. Sometimes one root can be in 20 (or more ☺) words! Let’s look together at the root “_______.” 1. Write the root “_______” at the base (roots) of your tree. 2. Put it’s meaning below. 3. As a group we will brainstorm words containing the word root. 4. Do you know what these words mean? English words can have all three parts: prefix + root + suffix ab + duct + ed away from + to lead/pull + verb: past tense abducted means ”pulled or lead away from” i.e. The general was abducted by masked gunmen. Roots can appear more than once, and anywhere in the word. Word Meaning geology study of the earth telegraph writing that travels far tricycle three wheels asocial not being companionable / Concept not wanting to join others Importance • Knowing and using Greek and Latin word roots can help you figure out the meaning of words you don’t recognize. • This will make you a better reader and writer. Why is it important to know how to use Greek and Latin word roots? Greek and Latin Root Practice 1. Highlight the word root (or roots). • What does the word root mean? 2. Look at the remainder of the word: • What does the prefix mean? • What does the suffix mean? 3. Use the word root table to determine the meaning. root + suffix astrology astro = stars -logy = study of So astrology means: ____________ biology bio = _______ -logy =________ So biology means: ________________ prefix + root enamor empathy en- = having amor = love em- =________ pathy = ________ What does enamor mean? _____________________ _________________ What does empathy mean? ______________________ ____________ Many of the greek gods were enamored with mortals. Percy has empathy for his friend Grover, and he protects him when the other students tease him. root + root pseudonym aqueduct pseudo = false nym = name What is a Pseudonym? _________________ aque (aqua)= _______ duct = ___________ “Mr. Brunner is a pseudonym for ____________.” What is an aqueduct used for? How do you know that? ___________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ prefix + root + suffix retrospective carnivore retro = backwards spect = look -ive = having quality of carni =_______ vor = ________ -e = _________ What does retrospective mean?: _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ What does carnivore mean? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ History is a retrospective way of looking at life. Although Grover Underwood eats many things, he is not a carnivore. Closure • What do we call the most basic form of a word that has meaning? • Why do you think knowing and using Greek and Latin word roots is important? Additional Practice • Follow the steps and directions. A List of Greek and Latin Word Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes Root Meaning Root Meaning Root Meaning Prefix/Suffix Meaning duct to lead/pull micro small phobia fear of ab- away from tele distance spect look, see auto self a-, un-, -less not, without graph write, draw aque, aqua water rupt break em-. en-, -y, ful having, marked by bio life astr, aster stars scope see, watch retro- backwards geo earth logy, ology study of pseudo false -ive, -ic having quality of rium house cycle wheel dynam power -al result of trans across nym, nom name ject throw -able, -ible ability pathy feeling for amor love pro forward -oid resembling, like cent, centi hundred derm, derma skin vor eat greedily -or, -er, -e one who carn meat chron time soci joining in, being together ex- out of omni all, every meter measure ped, pod foot, footed bi- two struc, struct build cent hundred con, com together, with tri- three hydro water trans across tract pull -ly in the manner of